Leviticus 25

8. And thou shalt number seven. The third kind of Sabbath follows, which was composed of forty-nine, or seven times seven years. This was the most illustrious Sabbath, since the state of the people, both as to their persons and their houses and property, was renewed; and although in this way God had regard to the public good, gave relief to the poor, so that their liberty should not be destroyed, and preserved also the order laid down by Himself; still there is no question but that He thus added an additional stimulus to incite the Jews to honor the Sabbath. For it was a kind of imposing memorial of the sacred rest, to see slaves emancipated and become suddenly free; houses and lands returning to their former possessors who had sold them; and in fine all things assuming a new face. They called this year Jobel, from the sound of the ram’s horn, whereby liberty and the restitution of property were proclaimed; but as I have said, its main feature was the solemnity which shewed them to be separated from other nations to be a peculiar and holy nation to God; nay, the renewal of all things had reference to this, that being redeemed anew in the great Sabbath, they might entirely devote themselves to God their Deliverer.

Leviticus 23

Leviticus 23:1-44

1. And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

1. Loquutus est Jehova ad Mosen, dicendo:

2. Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, Concerning the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my feasts.

2. Alloquere filios Israel, et die illis, Hae sunt feriae quas vocabitis convocationes sanctas, hae sunt solennitates meae.

3. Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein : it is the sabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings.

3. Sex diebus fiet opus, die autem septimo Sabbathum est quietis, convocatio sancta: nullum opus facietis: Sabbathum est Jehovae in cunctis habitationibus vestris.

4. These are the feasts of the LORD, even holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons.

4. Hae sunt feriae quas celebrabitis: hae sunt feriae Jehovae sanctae, quas celebrabitis temporibus suis.

5. In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the LORD’S passover.

5. Mense primo, quartadecima mensis, ad vesperam Pesah Jehovae est.

6. And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread.

6. Quintodecimo autem die mensis hujus, solennitas erit infermentatorum Jehovae, septem diebus infermentata comedetis.

7. In the first day ye shall have an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.

7. Die primo convocatio sancta erit vobis: nullum opus servile facietis.

8. But ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD seven days: in the seventh day is an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.

8. Offeretis autem oblationem ignitam Jehovae septem diebus: die septimo erit convocatio sancta, nullum opus servile facietis.

9. And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

9. Adhaec loquutus est Jehova ad Mosen, dicendo:

10. Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest:

10. Alloquere filios Israel, et dic eis, Quum ingressi fueritis terrain quam ego do vobis, et messueritis messem ejus, tunc offeretis omnes primitias messis vestrae ad sacerdotem.

11. And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.

11. Qui offert omer coram Jehova, ut sit acceptum pro vobis: in crastino Sabbathi offerer illud sacerdos.

12. And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD.

12. Facietisque die quo offeretis omer, agnum integrum anniculum, in holocaustum Jehovae:

13. And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin.

13. Et minham ejus, duas decimas similae permistae oleo, oblationem ignitam Jehovae in odorem quietis: et libamen ejus vini quattam partem hin.

14. And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

14. Panem vero et polentam, et spicam plenam non comedetis usque ad hunc ipsum diem, donec obtuleris munus Dei vestri: statutum perpetuum erit in generationibus vestris, in cunctis habitaculis vestris.

15. And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete:

15. Numerabitis autem vobis dies a postero die Sabbathi, a die qua obtuleris omer elevationis, septem hebdomades plenae erunt.

16. Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new meat offering unto the LORD.

16. Usque ad posterum diem Sabbathi septimi numerabitis quinquaginta dies, et offeretis oblationem novam Jehovae.

17. Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with leaven; they are the firstfruits unto the LORD.

17. Ex habitaculis vestris offeretis panem oblationis: duae ex dunbus decimis similae erunt: cum fermento coquentur primitiae Jehovae.

18. And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering unto the LORD, with their meat offering and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto the LORD.

18. Offeretisque cum pane illo septem agnos integros anniculos, et juvencum filium bovis unum, et arietes duos, erunt holocaustum Jehovae: et oblatio eorum libaminaque eorum, oblatio ignita erit odoris quietis Jehovae.

19. Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings.

19. Facietis quoque hircum caprarum unum pro peccato, et duos agnos anniculos in sacrificium prosperitatum.

20. And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits , for a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs: they shall be holy to the LORD for the priest.

20. Offeretque sacerdos illa ultra panem primitiarum, elevationem coram Jehova cum duobus agnis, sanctitas erunt Jehovae sacerdoti.

21. And ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein: it shall be a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.

21. Et celebrabitis hoc ipso die celebritatem, convocatio sancta erit vobis: nullum opus servile facietis: statutum perpetuum erit in cunctis habitaculis vestris, in generationibus vestris.

22. And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: ...

22. Et cum messueritis messem terrae vestrae, non complebis angulum agri tui in messe tua: nec quod residuum erit in messe tua colliges.

23. And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

23. Loquutus est praeterea Jehova ad Mosen, dicendo:

24. Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, an holy convocation.

24. Alloquere filios Israel, dicendo, Mense septimo, primo die ejusdem erit vobis Sabbathum monimentum clangoris, convocatio sancta.

25. Ye shall do no servile work therein : but ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.

25. Nullum opus servile facietis, et offeretis oblationem ignitam Jehovae.

26. And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

26. Loquutus est quoque Jehova ad Mosen, dicendo:

27. Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.

27. Veruntamen ( vel, utique) in decimo mensis hujus septimi, dies expiationum erit: convocatio sancta erit vobis, afiligetisque animas vestras, et offeretis sacrificium ignitum Jehovae.

28. And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it is a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you before the LORD your God.

28. Nullum opus facietis hoc ipso die, quid dies expiationum est ad expiandum vos ( vel, super vos, ant pro vobis) coram Jehova Deo vestro.

29. For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people.

29. Omnis enim anima quae non fuerit afflicta eo ipso die, excidetur e populis suis.

30. And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.

30. Et quisquis fecerit quodcunque opus eo ipso die, perdam animam illam e medio populi.

31. Ye shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

31. Nullum opus facietis: statutum perpetuum erit in generationibus vestris, in cunctis habitationibus vestris.

32. It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath.

32. Sabbathum quietis est vobis, et affligetis animas vestras nona mensis in vespera: a vespera usque ad vesperam quiescetis in Sabbatho vestro.

33. And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

33. Loquutus est et Jehova ad Mosen, dicendo:

34. Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the LORD.

34. Alloquere filios Israel, dicendo, Decimo quinto die mensis septimi hujus, solennitas tabernaculorum erit septem diebus Jehovah.

35. On the first day shall be an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.

35. Die primo erit convocatio sancta, nullum opus servile facietis.

36. Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a solemn assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein.

36. Septem diebus offeretis sacrificium ignitum Jehovae, die octavo convocatio sancta erit vobis, et offeretis sacrificium ignitum Jehovah, solennitas est, nullum opus servile facietis.

37. These are the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day:

37. Istae sunt festivitates Jehovae quas vocabitis convocationes sanctas, ut offeratis in els sacrificium ignitum Jehovae, holocaustum et oblationem, sacrificium et libamina suo quodque die.

38. Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD.

38. Praeter Sabbatha Jehovae, et praeter dona vestra, praeterque omnia vota vestra, et praeter omnes spontaneas oblationes vestras, quas dabitis Jehovae.

39. Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath.

20. And if ye shall say. Men will never be obedient to God’s precepts, unless their distrust of Him is corrected, and will be always ingenious in laying hold of pretexts for disobedience. The difficulty, however, in this matter was a specious excuse for the Jews; for famine might have destroyed them in these two years, since in the seventh year they neither sowed nor reaped; and for reaping they were obliged to wait till the end of the eighth year. Now, whence were they to get seed enough to sow after the land had rested for a whole year? It is not without reason, then, that God delivers them from this doubt, promising them that He will give such abundance in the sixth year as shall suffice for the two following ones. The phrase must be observed, that God would “command His blessing” in an especial manner, and beyond the usual course, so that the land should be twice or thrice more fertile. Hence is suggested to us no ordinary ground of confidence in asking for our daily bread. But this was a special promise, that food should not fail the Jews on account of the Sabbatical year; a manifestation of which God had already given in the desert, when supplied a double portion of manna to those who gathered it on the day before the Sabbath. Now-a-days this inconvenience is avoided by the industry of farmers, who so divide their acres that the land should never lie fallow altogether, but that one part should supply the deficiency of another. This distribution did not obtain with the Jews. Therefore God relieved them from the fear of famine down to the harvest of the eighth year; although He seems at the same time to accustom them to frugality, lest they should waste in intemperance and luxury what He afforded in sufficient abundance to last for two years. To this precept He alludes, when He declares by the Prophets that the land “enjoyed her Sabbaths,” when it had vomited forth its inhabitants, (2 Chronicles 36:21;) for since they had polluted it by violating the Sabbath, so that it groaned as if under a heavy burden, He says that it shall rest for a long continuous period, so as to compensate for the labor of many years.

The Year of Jubilee

Leviticus 25

Leviticus 25:8-13

8. And thou shalt number seven sabbaths of years unto thee, seven times seven years; and the space of the seven sabbaths of years shall be unto thee forty and nine years.

8. Numerabis quoque tibi septem hebdomadas armorum, id est septem annos septem vicibus; qui quidem dies septem Sabbathorum annorum efficient tibi quadraginta novem annos.

9. Then shalt thou cause the trumpet of the jubile to sound on the tenth day of the seventh month, in the day of atonement shall ye make the trumpet sound throughout all your land.

9. Tunc transire facies tubam jubilationis mense septimo die mensis, id est die expiationum: transire inquam, facietis tubam per universam terrain vestram.

10. And ye shall hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof: it shall be a jubile unto you; and ye shall return every man unto his possession, and ye shall return every man unto his family.

10. Sanctificabitisque annum quinquagesimum, et proclamabitis libertatem in terra cunctis habitatoribus ejus: Jobel ipse erit vobis: et revertemini quisque ad possessionem suam, et quisque ad familiam suam revertemini.

11. A jubile shall that fiftieth year be unto you: ye shall not sow, neither reap that which groweth of itself in it, nor gather the grapes in it of thy vine undressed.

11. Jobel ipse annus quinquaginta annorum erit vobis: non seretis, neque metetis quae sponte produxerit terra: neque vindemiabitis separationes ejus.

12. For it is the jubile; it shall be holy unto you: ye shall eat the increase thereof out of the field.

12. Quia Jobel est, sanctus erit vobis, agri comedetis fructum.

13. In the year of this jubile ye shall return every man unto his possession.

13. Anno Jobel isto revertemini singuli ad possessionem suam.