1 Samuel 28ASV
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1 Samuel28

American Standard Version · Public Domain

1And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their hosts together for warfare, to fight with Israel. And Achish said unto David, Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me in the host, thou and thy men.

2And David said to Achish, Therefore thou shalt know what thy servant will do. And Achish said to David, Therefore will I make thee keeper of my head for ever.

3Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city. And Saul had put away those that had familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land.

4And the Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and encamped in Shunem: and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they encamped in Gilboa.

5And when Saul saw the host of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart trembled greatly.

6And when Saul inquired of Jehovah, Jehovah answered him not, neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets.

7Then said Saul unto his servants, Seek me a woman that hath a familiar spirit, that I may go to her, and inquire of her. And his servants said to him, Behold, there is a woman that hath a familiar spirit at En-dor.

8And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and went, he and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night: and he said, Divine unto me, I pray thee, by the familiar spirit, and bring me up whomsoever I shall name unto thee.

9And the woman said unto him, Behold, thou knowest what Saul hath done, how he hath cut off those that have familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land: wherefore then layest thou a snare for my life, to cause me to die?

10And Saul sware to her by Jehovah, saying, As Jehovah liveth, there shall no punishment happen to thee for this thing.

11Then said the woman, Whom shall I bring up unto thee? And he said, Bring me up Samuel.

12And when the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice; and the woman spake to Saul, saying, Why hast thou deceived me? for thou art Saul.

13And the king said unto her, Be not afraid: for what seest thou? And the woman said unto Saul, I see a god coming up out of the earth.

14And he said unto her, What form is he of? And she said, An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a robe. And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground, and did obeisance.

15And Samuel said to Saul, Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up? And Saul answered, I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams: therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do.

16And Samuel said, Wherefore then dost thou ask of me, seeing Jehovah is departed from thee, and is become thine adversary?

17And Jehovah hath done unto thee, as he spake by me: and Jehovah hath rent the kingdom out of thy hand, and given it to thy neighbor, even to David.

18Because thou obeyedst not the voice of Jehovah, and didst not execute his fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath Jehovah done this thing unto thee this day.

19Moreover Jehovah will deliver Israel also with thee into the hand of the Philistines; and to-morrow shalt thou and thy sons be with me: Jehovah will deliver the host of Israel also into the hand of the Philistines.

20Then Saul fell straightway his full length upon the earth, and was sore afraid, because of the words of Samuel: and there was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night.

21And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore troubled, and said unto him, Behold, thy handmaid hath hearkened unto thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spakest unto me.

22Now therefore, I pray thee, hearken thou also unto the voice of thy handmaid, and let me set a morsel of bread before thee; and eat, that thou mayest have strength, when thou goest on thy way.

23But he refused, and said, I will not eat. But his servants, together with the woman, constrained him; and he hearkened unto their voice. So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed.

24And the woman had a fatted calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it; and she took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof:

25and she brought it before Saul, and before his servants; and they did eat. Then they rose up, and went away that night.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 28.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Achish puts confidence in David, Saul's fear. (1–6). Saul consults a witch at Endor. (7–19). Saul's terror. (20–25).

vv1-6

David could not refuse Achish without danger. If he promised assistance, and then stood neuter, or went over to the Israelites, he would behave with ingratitude and treachery. If he fought against Israel, he would sin greatly. It seemed impossible that he should get out of this difficulty with a clear conscience; but his evasive answer, intended to gain time, was not consistent with the character of an Israelite indeed. Troubles are terrors to the children of disobedience. In his distress, Saul inquired of the Lord. He did not seek in faith, but with a double, unstable mind. Saul had put the law in force against those that had familiar spirits, Ex 22:18. Many seem zealous against, sin, when they are any way hurt by it, who have no concern for the glory of God, nor any dislike of sin as sin. Many seem enemies to sin in others, while they indulge it in themselves. Saul will drive the devil out of his kingdom, yet harbours him in his heart by envy and malice. How foolish to consult those whom, according to God's law, he had endeavoured to root out!

vv7-19

When we go from the plain path of duty, every thing draws us further aside, and increases our perplexity and temptation. Saul desires the woman to bring one from the dead, with whom he wished to speak; this was expressly forbidden, De 18:11. All real or pretended witchcraft or conjuration, is a malicious or an ignorant attempt to gain knowledge or help from some creature, when it cannot be had from the Lord in the path of duty. While Samuel was living, we never read of Saul's going to advise with him in any difficulties; it had been well for him if he had. But now he is dead, “Bring me up Samuel.” Many who despise and persecute God's saints and ministers when living, would be glad to have them again, when they are gone. The whole shows that it was no human fraud or trick. Though the woman could not cause Samuel's being sent, yet Saul's inquiry might be the occasion of it. The woman's surprise and terror proved that it was an unusual and unexpected appearance. Saul had despised Samuel's solemn warnings in his lifetime, yet now that he hoped, as in defiance of God, to obtain some counsel and encouragement from him, might not God permit the soul of his departed prophet to appear to Saul, to confirm his former sentence, and denounce his doom? The expression, “Thou and thy sons shall be with me,” means no more than that they shall be in the eternal world. There appears much solemnity in God's permitting the soul of a departed prophet to come as a witness from heaven, to confirm the word he had spoken on earth.

vv20-25

Those that expect any good counsel or comfort, otherwise than from God, and in the way of his institutions, will be as wretchedly disappointed as Saul. Though terrified even to despair, he was not humbled. He confessed not his sins, offered no sacrifices, and presented no supplications. He does not seem to have cared about his sons or his people, or to have attempted any escape; but in sullen despair he rushed upon his doom. God sets up a few such beacons, to warn men not to stifle convictions, or despise his word. But while one repenting thought remains, let no sinner suppose himself in this case. Let him humble himself before God, determined to live and die beseeching his favour, and he will succeed.

Cross References

1 Samuel 28

Scripture's explicit theological verdict that Saul died for his transgression and for asking counsel of a familiar spirit.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The Mosaic law explicitly forbidding consulting with familiar spirits, wizards, or necromancers.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Leviticus 19:31thematic

Pentateuchal prohibition against seeking out familiar spirits and wizards, which Saul previously enforced.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

Samuel's original indictment of Saul for sparing Amalek, which led to the loss of his kingdom.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Leviticus 20:27thematic

Decrees the death penalty for mediums, highlighting the gravity of Saul's apostasy.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v61 Samuel 14:37contrast

An earlier instance where God refused to answer Saul, foreshadowing his complete abandonment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Explains that Saul's insincere, faithless inquiries were spiritually equivalent to not inquiring of the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Isaiah 8:19thematic

Prophetic condemnation of seeking the dead on behalf of the living instead of seeking God.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v171 Samuel 15:28thematic

Samuel's previous prophetic declaration that the Lord had rent the kingdom of Israel from Saul.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v3Exodus 22:18thematic

The civil command to not permit a witch to live, which Saul once executed.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v31 Samuel 25:1thematic

Establishes the historical fact of Samuel's death and burial, explaining his absence.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v191 Samuel 31:1fulfillment

The immediate historical fulfillment of Samuel's prophecy regarding the defeat of Israel at Gilboa.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Joshua 19:18thematic

Identifies Shunem's location in Issachar, establishing the geography of the Philistine encampment.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v141 Samuel 15:27allusion

Samuel's mantle, torn by Saul, is again featured as his identifying garment in this vision.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v151 Samuel 16:14thematic

Confirms that the Spirit of the Lord had departed from Saul, explaining God's silence.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v24Genesis 18:7thematic

A thematic parallel to the custom of quickly killing and preparing a calf for guests.

Supported by JFB