Esther4
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1Now when Mordecai knew all that was done, Mordecai rent his clothes, and put on sackcloth with ashes, and went out into the midst of the city, and cried with a loud and a bitter cry;
2and he came even before the king’s gate: for none might enter within the king’s gate clothed with sackcloth.
3And in every province, whithersoever the king’s commandment and his decree came, there was great mourning among the Jews, and fasting, and weeping, and wailing; and many lay in sackcloth and ashes.
4And Esther’s maidens and her chamberlains came and told it her; and the queen was exceedingly grieved: and she sent raiment to clothe Mordecai, and to take his sackcloth from off him; but he received it not.
5Then called Esther for Hathach, one of the king’s chamberlains, whom he had appointed to attend upon her, and charged him to go to Mordecai, to know what this was, and why it was.
6So Hathach went forth to Mordecai unto the broad place of the city, which was before the king’s gate.
7And Mordecai told him of all that had happened unto him, and the exact sum of the money that Haman had promised to pay to the king’s treasuries for the Jews, to destroy them.
8Also he gave him the copy of the writing of the decree that was given out in Shushan to destroy them, to show it unto Esther, and to declare it unto her, and to charge her that she should go in unto the king, to make supplication unto him, and to make request before him, for her people.
9And Hathach came and told Esther the words of Mordecai.
10Then Esther spake unto Hathach, and gave him a message unto Mordecai, saying:
11All the king’s servants, and the people of the king’s provinces, do know, that whosoever, whether man or woman, shall come unto the king into the inner court, who is not called, there is one law for him, that he be put to death, except those to whom the king shall hold out the golden sceptre, that he may live: but I have not been called to come in unto the king these thirty days.
12And they told to Mordecai Esther’s words.
13Then Mordecai bade them return answer unto Esther, Think not with thyself that thou shalt escape in the king’s house, more than all the Jews.
14For if thou altogether holdest thy peace at this time, then will relief and deliverance arise to the Jews from another place, but thou and thy father’s house will perish: and who knoweth whether thou art not come to the kingdom for such a time as this?
15Then Esther bade them return answer unto Mordecai,
16Go, gather together all the Jews that are present in Shushan, and fast ye for me, and neither eat nor drink three days, night or day: I also and my maidens will fast in like manner; and so will I go in unto the king, which is not according to the law: and if I perish, I perish.
17So Mordecai went his way, and did according to all that Esther had commanded him.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Esther 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Jews lament their danger. (1–4). Esther undertakes to plead for the Jews. (5–17).
vv1-4
Mordecai avowed his relation to the Jews. Public calamities, that oppress the church of God, should affect our hearts more than any private affliction, and it is peculiarly distressing to occasion sufferings to others. God will keep those that are exposed to evil by the tenderness of their consciences.
vv5-17
We are prone to shrink from services that are attended with peril or loss. But when the cause of Christ and his people demand it, we must take up our cross, and follow him. When Christians are disposed to consult their own ease or safety, rather than the public good, they should be blamed. The law was express, all knew it. It is not thus in the court of the King of kings: to the footstool of his throne of grace we may always come boldly, and may be sure of an answer of peace to the prayer of faith. We are welcome, even into the holiest, through the blood of Jesus. Providence so ordered it, that, just then, the king's affections had cooled toward Esther; her faith and courage thereby were the more tried; and God's goodness in the favour she now found with the king, thereby shone the brighter. Haman no doubt did what he could to set the king against her. Mordecai suggests, that it was a cause which, one way or other, would certainly be carried, and which therefore she might safely venture in. This was the language of strong faith, which staggered not at the promise when the danger was most threatening, but against hope believed in hope. He that by sinful devices will save his life, and will not trust God with it in the way of duty, shall lose it in the way of sin. Divine Providence had regard to this matter, in bringing Esther to be queen. Therefore thou art bound in gratitude to do this service for God and his church, else thou dost not answer the end of thy being raised up. There is wise counsel and design in all the providences of God, which will prove that they are all intended for the good of the church. We should, every one, consider for what end God has put us in the place where we are, and study to answer that end: and take care that we do not let it slip. Having solemnly commended our souls and our cause to God, we may venture upon his service. All dangers are trifling compared with the danger of losing our souls. But the trembling sinner is often as much afraid of casting himself, without reserve, upon the Lord's free mercy, as Esther was of coming before the king. Let him venture, as she did, with earnest prayer and supplication, and he shall fare as well and better than she did. The cause of God must prevail: we are safe in being united to it.
Key Words
מׇרְדְּכַי: Mordecai, an Israelite
יָדַע: to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.)
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
קָרַע: to rend, literally or figuratively (revile, paint the eyes, as if enlarging them)
בֶּגֶד: a covering, i.e. clothing; also treachery or pillage
לָבַשׁ: properly, wrap around, i.e. (by implication) to put on agarment or clothe (oneself, or another), literally or figuratively
שַׂק: properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run through), i.e. coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grain, etc.)
אֵפֶר: ashes
יָצָא: to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
Cross References
Esther 4The execution of the law: the king holding out the golden sceptre to Esther.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Jacob's expression of resignation 'if I be bereaved, I am bereaved' parallels Esther's 'if I perish, I perish'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Refers to the original decree published in Shushan which Mordecai gives in writing to Esther.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Esther's elevation to the kingdom, showing God's sovereign hand in raising her up for this crisis.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
A solemn public fast called for the assembly in a time of national destruction.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Esther appeals to the king mentioning the sum of money/destruction Mordecai warned her about.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The actual physical execution of holding out the golden sceptre to Esther.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Warning against failing to deliver those drawn unto death under the pretense of ignorance.
Supported by Matthew Henry
A fast with sackcloth and ashes, crying mightily to God to avert imminent destruction.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The ancient practice of tearing garments and putting on sackcloth in moments of extreme grief.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Sitting down among the ashes as a sign of absolute distress and humiliation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Similar court custom where those in deep mourning could not directly approach the king.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Esther's hidden Jewish identity which she must now break silence on to save her people.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Subsequent institutionalization of these fasts and their cryings in Jewish tradition.
Supported by JFB