Genesis32
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1And Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him.
2And Jacob said when he saw them, This is God’s host: and he called the name of that place Mahanaim.
3And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the land of Seir, the field of Edom.
4And he commanded them, saying, Thus shall ye say unto my lord Esau: Thus saith thy servant Jacob, I have sojourned with Laban, and stayed until now:
5and I have oxen, and asses, and flocks, and men-servants, and maid-servants: and I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find favor in thy sight.
6And the messengers returned to Jacob, saying, We came to thy brother Esau, and moreover he cometh to meet thee, and four hundred men with him.
7Then Jacob was greatly afraid and was distressed: and he divided the people that were with him, and the flocks, and the herds, and the camels, into two companies;
8and he said, If Esau come to the one company, and smite it, then the company which is left shall escape.
9And Jacob said, O God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, O Jehovah, who saidst unto me, Return unto thy country, and to thy kindred, and I will do thee good:
10I am not worthy of the least of all the lovingkindnesses, and of all the truth, which thou hast showed unto thy servant; for with my staff I passed over this Jordan; and now I am become two companies.
11Deliver me, I pray thee, from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau: for I fear him, lest he come and smite me, the mother with the children.
12And thou saidst, I will surely do thee good, and make thy seed as the sand of the sea, which cannot be numbered for multitude.
13And he lodged there that night, and took of that which he had with him a present for Esau his brother:
14two hundred she-goats and twenty he-goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams,
15thirty milch camels and their colts, forty cows and ten bulls, twenty she-asses and ten foals.
16And he delivered them into the hand of his servants, every drove by itself, and said unto his servants, Pass over before me, and put a space betwixt drove and drove.
17And he commanded the foremost, saying, When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying, Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee?
18then thou shalt say, They are thy servant Jacob’s; it is a present sent unto my lord Esau: and, behold, he also is behind us.
19And he commanded also the second, and the third, and all that followed the droves, saying, On this manner shall ye speak unto Esau, when ye find him;
20and ye shall say, Moreover, behold, thy servant Jacob is behind us. For he said, I will appease him with the present that goeth before me, and afterward I will see his face; peradventure he will accept me.
21So the present passed over before him: and he himself lodged that night in the company.
22And he rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two handmaids, and his eleven children, and passed over the ford of the Jabbok.
23And he took them, and sent them over the stream, and sent over that which he had.
24And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.
25And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob’s thigh was strained, as he wrestled with him.
26And he said, Let me go, for the day breaketh. And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.
27And he said unto him, What is thy name? And he said, Jacob.
28And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for thou hast striven with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
29And Jacob asked him, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, thy name. And he said, Wherefore is it that thou dost ask after my name? And he blessed him there.
30And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: for, said he, I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.
31And the sun rose upon him as he passed over Penuel, and he limped upon his thigh.
32Therefore the children of Israel eat not the sinew of the hip which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the hollow of Jacob’s thigh in the sinew of the hip.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 32.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Jacob's vision at Mahanaim, His fear of Esau. (1–8). Jacob's earnest prayer for deliverance, He prepares a present for Esau. (9–23). He wrestles with the Angel. (24–32).
vv1-8
The angels of God appeared to Jacob, to encourage him with the assurance of the Divine protection. When God designs his people for great trials, he prepares them by great comforts. While Jacob, to whom the promise belonged, had been in hard service, Esau was become a prince. Jacob sent a message, showing that he did not insist upon the birth-right. Yielding pacifies great offences, Ec 10:4. We must not refuse to speak respectfully, even to those unjustly angry with us. Jacob received an account of Esau's warlike preparations against him, and was greatly afraid. A lively sense of danger, and quickening fear arising from it, may be found united with humble confidence in God's power and promise.
vv9-23
Times of fear should be times of prayer: whatever causes fear, should drive us to our knees, to our God. Jacob had lately seen his guards of angels, but in this distress he applied to God, not to them; he knew they were his fellow-servants, Re 22:9. There cannot be a better pattern for true prayer than this. Here is a thankful acknowledgement of former undeserved favours; a humble confession of unworthiness; a plain statement of his fears and distress; a full reference of the whole affair to the Lord, and resting all his hopes on him. The best we can say to God in prayer, is what he has said to us. Thus he made the name of the Lord his strong tower, and could not but be safe. Jacob's fear did not make him sink into despair, nor did his prayer make him presume upon God's mercy, without the use of means. God answers prayers by teaching us to order our affairs aright. To pacify Esau, Jacob sent him a present. We must not despair of reconciling ourselves to those most angry against us.
vv24-32
A great while before day, Jacob being alone, more fully spread his fears before God in prayer. While thus employed, One in the likeness of a man wrestled with him. When the spirit helpeth our infirmities, and our earnest and vast desires can scarcely find words to utter them, and we still mean more than we can express, then prayer is indeed wrestling with God. However tried or discouraged, we shall prevail; and prevailing with Him in prayer, we shall prevail against all enemies that strive with us. Nothing requires more vigour and unceasing exertion than wrestling. It is an emblem of the true spirit of faith and prayer. Jacob kept his ground; though the struggle continued long, this did not shake his faith, nor silence his prayer. He will have a blessing, and had rather have all his bone put out of joint than go away without one. Those who would have the blessing of Christ, must resolve to take no denial. The fervent prayer is the effectual prayer. The Angel puts a lasting mark of honour upon him, by changing his name. Jacob signifies a supplanter. From henceforth he shall be celebrated, not for craft and artful management, but for true valour. Thou shalt be called Israel, a prince with God, a name greater than those of the great men of the earth. He is a prince indeed that is a prince with God; those are truly honourable that are mighty in prayer. Having power with God, he shall have power with men too; he shall prevail, and gain Esau's favour. Jacob gives a new name to the place. He calls it Peniel, the face of God, because there he had seen the appearance of God, and obtained the favour of God. It becomes those whom God honours, to admire his grace towards them. The Angel who wrestled with Jacob was the second Person in the sacred Trinity, who was afterwards God manifest in the flesh, and who, dwelling in human nature, is called Immanuel, Ho 12:4, 5. Jacob halted on his thigh. It might serve to keep him from being lifted up with the abundance of the revelations. The sun rose on Jacob: it is sun-rise with that soul, which has had communion with God.
Key Words
יַעֲקֹב: Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch
הָלַךְ: to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
דֶּרֶךְ: a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
מֲלְאָךְ: a messenger; specifically, of God, i.e. an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
פָּגַע: to impinge, by accident or violence, or (figuratively) by importunity
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
זֶה: the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
מַחֲנֶה: an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or even the sacred courts)
Cross References
Genesis 32Hosea explicitly interprets Jacob's wrestle as weeping and making supplication to the Angel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The angel of the Lord encamping around those who fear Him, protecting Jacob's camp.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Recalls Jacob's initial vision of angels on the ladder at Bethel as he re-enters Canaan.
Supported by JFB
Jacob calls Esau 'my lord,' contrasting with the prophetic blessing of dominion over his brother.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Angel's response to Manoah closely mirrors His response to Jacob's query about His name.
New Testament confirmation of angels ministering to those who inherit salvation, protecting Jacob's family.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Elisha's vision of the Lord's host of horses and chariots surrounding them for defense.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Yielding and submissive speech pacify great offenses, explaining Jacob's respectful approach to Esau.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Jacob pleads the specific command of God to return to his country as his warrant.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Recalls the original covenant promise made at Bethel to keep Jacob and bring him back safely.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Points to the divine character of the Wrestler, identified as both Angel and God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God formally confirms the change of Jacob's name to Israel at Bethel.
Verbal link of 'mercy' and 'truth' shown to Abraham's house, now acknowledged by Jacob.
Jacob pleads the fulfillment of the Abrahamic promise of countless offspring like the dust.
A man's gift makes room for him, illustrating Jacob's practical wisdom in placating his brother.
Jacob's touch on the thigh represents a physical infirmity to prevent boasting.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrasts God's statement that no man can see Him and live with Jacob's preservation.
Gideon expresses the same fear of death after seeing the Angel of the Lord face-to-face.
Manoah echoes Jacob's fear of dying after seeing God in the person of the Angel.
The Messiah's name is declared 'Wonderful' (or 'Secret'), matching the Angel's mysterious name.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Illustrates another historical Jewish custom of avoiding treading upon a specific threshold/sinew.
Identifies the river Jabbok as a significant border in Israel's later geographical inheritance.
Jacob's persistent wrestling exemplifies Christ's teaching on persistent, tireless prayer.
Supported by Matthew Henry