Genesis 32NLT
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Genesis32

New Living Translation

1As Jacob started on his way again, angels of God came to meet him.

2When Jacob saw them, he exclaimed, “This is God’s camp!” So he named the place Mahanaim.

3Then Jacob sent messengers ahead to his brother, Esau, who was living in the region of Seir in the land of Edom.

4He told them, “Give this message to my master Esau: ‘Humble greetings from your servant Jacob. Until now I have been living with Uncle Laban,

5and now I own cattle, donkeys, flocks of sheep and goats, and many servants, both men and women. I have sent these messengers to inform my lord of my coming, hoping that you will be friendly to me.’”

6After delivering the message, the messengers returned to Jacob and reported, “We met your brother, Esau, and he is already on his way to meet you—with an army of 400 men!”

7Jacob was terrified at the news. He divided his household, along with the flocks and herds and camels, into two groups.

8He thought, “If Esau meets one group and attacks it, perhaps the other group can escape.”

9Then Jacob prayed, “O God of my grandfather Abraham, and God of my father, Isaac—O Lord, you told me, ‘Return to your own land and to your relatives.’ And you promised me, ‘I will treat you kindly.’

10I am not worthy of all the unfailing love and faithfulness you have shown to me, your servant. When I left home and crossed the Jordan River, I owned nothing except a walking stick. Now my household fills two large camps!

11O Lord, please rescue me from the hand of my brother, Esau. I am afraid that he is coming to attack me, along with my wives and children.

12But you promised me, ‘I will surely treat you kindly, and I will multiply your descendants until they become as numerous as the sands along the seashore—too many to count.’”

13Jacob stayed where he was for the night. Then he selected these gifts from his possessions to present to his brother, Esau:

14200 female goats, 20 male goats, 200 ewes, 20 rams,

1530 female camels with their young, 40 cows, 10 bulls, 20 female donkeys, and 10 male donkeys.

16He divided these animals into herds and assigned each to different servants. Then he told his servants, “Go ahead of me with the animals, but keep some distance between the herds.”

17He gave these instructions to the men leading the first group: “When my brother, Esau, meets you, he will ask, ‘Whose servants are you? Where are you going? Who owns these animals?’

18You must reply, ‘They belong to your servant Jacob, but they are a gift for his master Esau. Look, he is coming right behind us.’”

19Jacob gave the same instructions to the second and third herdsmen and to all who followed behind the herds: “You must say the same thing to Esau when you meet him.

20And be sure to say, ‘Look, your servant Jacob is right behind us.’” Jacob thought, “I will try to appease him by sending gifts ahead of me. When I see him in person, perhaps he will be friendly to me.”

21So the gifts were sent on ahead, while Jacob himself spent that night in the camp.

22During the night Jacob got up and took his two wives, his two servant wives, and his eleven sons and crossed the Jabbok River with them.

23After taking them to the other side, he sent over all his possessions.

24This left Jacob all alone in the camp, and a man came and wrestled with him until the dawn began to break.

25When the man saw that he would not win the match, he touched Jacob’s hip and wrenched it out of its socket.

26Then the man said, “Let me go, for the dawn is breaking!” But Jacob said, “I will not let you go unless you bless me.”

27“What is your name?” the man asked. He replied, “Jacob.”

28“Your name will no longer be Jacob,” the man told him. “From now on you will be called Israel, because you have fought with God and with men and have won.”

29“Please tell me your name,” Jacob said. “Why do you want to know my name?” the man replied. Then he blessed Jacob there.

30Jacob named the place Peniel (which means “face of God”), for he said, “I have seen God face to face, yet my life has been spared.”

31The sun was rising as Jacob left Peniel, and he was limping because of the injury to his hip.

32(Even today the people of Israel don’t eat the tendon near the hip socket because of what happened that night when the man strained the tendon of Jacob’s hip.)

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 32.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Jacob's vision at Mahanaim, His fear of Esau. (1–8). Jacob's earnest prayer for deliverance, He prepares a present for Esau. (9–23). He wrestles with the Angel. (24–32).

vv1-8

The angels of God appeared to Jacob, to encourage him with the assurance of the Divine protection. When God designs his people for great trials, he prepares them by great comforts. While Jacob, to whom the promise belonged, had been in hard service, Esau was become a prince. Jacob sent a message, showing that he did not insist upon the birth-right. Yielding pacifies great offences, Ec 10:4. We must not refuse to speak respectfully, even to those unjustly angry with us. Jacob received an account of Esau's warlike preparations against him, and was greatly afraid. A lively sense of danger, and quickening fear arising from it, may be found united with humble confidence in God's power and promise.

vv9-23

Times of fear should be times of prayer: whatever causes fear, should drive us to our knees, to our God. Jacob had lately seen his guards of angels, but in this distress he applied to God, not to them; he knew they were his fellow-servants, Re 22:9. There cannot be a better pattern for true prayer than this. Here is a thankful acknowledgement of former undeserved favours; a humble confession of unworthiness; a plain statement of his fears and distress; a full reference of the whole affair to the Lord, and resting all his hopes on him. The best we can say to God in prayer, is what he has said to us. Thus he made the name of the Lord his strong tower, and could not but be safe. Jacob's fear did not make him sink into despair, nor did his prayer make him presume upon God's mercy, without the use of means. God answers prayers by teaching us to order our affairs aright. To pacify Esau, Jacob sent him a present. We must not despair of reconciling ourselves to those most angry against us.

vv24-32

A great while before day, Jacob being alone, more fully spread his fears before God in prayer. While thus employed, One in the likeness of a man wrestled with him. When the spirit helpeth our infirmities, and our earnest and vast desires can scarcely find words to utter them, and we still mean more than we can express, then prayer is indeed wrestling with God. However tried or discouraged, we shall prevail; and prevailing with Him in prayer, we shall prevail against all enemies that strive with us. Nothing requires more vigour and unceasing exertion than wrestling. It is an emblem of the true spirit of faith and prayer. Jacob kept his ground; though the struggle continued long, this did not shake his faith, nor silence his prayer. He will have a blessing, and had rather have all his bone put out of joint than go away without one. Those who would have the blessing of Christ, must resolve to take no denial. The fervent prayer is the effectual prayer. The Angel puts a lasting mark of honour upon him, by changing his name. Jacob signifies a supplanter. From henceforth he shall be celebrated, not for craft and artful management, but for true valour. Thou shalt be called Israel, a prince with God, a name greater than those of the great men of the earth. He is a prince indeed that is a prince with God; those are truly honourable that are mighty in prayer. Having power with God, he shall have power with men too; he shall prevail, and gain Esau's favour. Jacob gives a new name to the place. He calls it Peniel, the face of God, because there he had seen the appearance of God, and obtained the favour of God. It becomes those whom God honours, to admire his grace towards them. The Angel who wrestled with Jacob was the second Person in the sacred Trinity, who was afterwards God manifest in the flesh, and who, dwelling in human nature, is called Immanuel, Ho 12:4, 5. Jacob halted on his thigh. It might serve to keep him from being lifted up with the abundance of the revelations. The sun rose on Jacob: it is sun-rise with that soul, which has had communion with God.

Cross References

Genesis 32
v24Hosea 12:3-5thematic

Hosea explicitly interprets Jacob's wrestle as weeping and making supplication to the Angel.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Psalms 34:7thematic

The angel of the Lord encamping around those who fear Him, protecting Jacob's camp.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Genesis 28:12allusion

Recalls Jacob's initial vision of angels on the ladder at Bethel as he re-enters Canaan.

Supported by JFB

v4Genesis 27:29contrast

Jacob calls Esau 'my lord,' contrasting with the prophetic blessing of dominion over his brother.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v29Judges 13:18thematic

The Angel's response to Manoah closely mirrors His response to Jacob's query about His name.

v1Hebrews 1:14thematic

New Testament confirmation of angels ministering to those who inherit salvation, protecting Jacob's family.

Supported by JFB

v22 Kings 6:17thematic

Parallels Elisha's vision of the Lord's host of horses and chariots surrounding them for defense.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Yielding and submissive speech pacify great offenses, explaining Jacob's respectful approach to Esau.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v9Genesis 31:3quotation

Jacob pleads the specific command of God to return to his country as his warrant.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v9Genesis 28:15thematic

Recalls the original covenant promise made at Bethel to keep Jacob and bring him back safely.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Hosea 12:4thematic

Points to the divine character of the Wrestler, identified as both Angel and God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Genesis 35:10thematic

God formally confirms the change of Jacob's name to Israel at Bethel.

v10Genesis 24:27thematic

Verbal link of 'mercy' and 'truth' shown to Abraham's house, now acknowledged by Jacob.

v12Genesis 13:16allusion

Jacob pleads the fulfillment of the Abrahamic promise of countless offspring like the dust.

v13Proverbs 18:16thematic

A man's gift makes room for him, illustrating Jacob's practical wisdom in placating his brother.

Jacob's touch on the thigh represents a physical infirmity to prevent boasting.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v30Exodus 33:20contrast

Contrasts God's statement that no man can see Him and live with Jacob's preservation.

v30Judges 6:22thematic

Gideon expresses the same fear of death after seeing the Angel of the Lord face-to-face.

v30Judges 13:22thematic

Manoah echoes Jacob's fear of dying after seeing God in the person of the Angel.

v29Isaiah 9:6typology

The Messiah's name is declared 'Wonderful' (or 'Secret'), matching the Angel's mysterious name.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v321 Samuel 5:5thematic

Illustrates another historical Jewish custom of avoiding treading upon a specific threshold/sinew.

v22Deuteronomy 3:16thematic

Identifies the river Jabbok as a significant border in Israel's later geographical inheritance.

v24Luke 18:1thematic

Jacob's persistent wrestling exemplifies Christ's teaching on persistent, tireless prayer.

Supported by Matthew Henry