Ecclesiastes10
New Living Translation
1As dead flies cause even a bottle of perfume to stink, so a little foolishness spoils great wisdom and honor.
2A wise person chooses the right road; a fool takes the wrong one.
3You can identify fools just by the way they walk down the street!
4If your boss is angry at you, don’t quit! A quiet spirit can overcome even great mistakes.
5There is another evil I have seen under the sun. Kings and rulers make a grave mistake
6when they give great authority to foolish people and low positions to people of proven worth.
7I have even seen servants riding horseback like princes—and princes walking like servants!
8When you dig a well, you might fall in. When you demolish an old wall, you could be bitten by a snake.
9When you work in a quarry, stones might fall and crush you. When you chop wood, there is danger with each stroke of your ax.
10Using a dull ax requires great strength, so sharpen the blade. That’s the value of wisdom; it helps you succeed.
11If a snake bites before you charm it, what’s the use of being a snake charmer?
12Wise words bring approval, but fools are destroyed by their own words.
13Fools base their thoughts on foolish assumptions, so their conclusions will be wicked madness;
14they chatter on and on. No one really knows what is going to happen; no one can predict the future.
15Fools are so exhausted by a little work that they can’t even find their way home.
16What sorrow for the land ruled by a servant, the land whose leaders feast in the morning.
17Happy is the land whose king is a noble leader and whose leaders feast at the proper time to gain strength for their work, not to get drunk.
18Laziness leads to a sagging roof; idleness leads to a leaky house.
19A party gives laughter, wine gives happiness, and money gives everything!
20Never make light of the king, even in your thoughts. And don’t make fun of the powerful, even in your own bedroom. For a little bird might deliver your message and tell them what you said.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ecclesiastes 10.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: To preserve a character for wisdom. (1-3). Respecting subjects and rulers. (4-10). Of foolish talk. (11-15). Duties of rulers and subjects. (16-20).
vv1-3
Those especially who make a profession of religion, should keep from all appearances of evil. A wise man has great advantage over a fool, who is always at a loss when he has anything to do. Sin is the reproach of sinners, wherever they go, and shows their folly.
vv4-10
Solomon appears to caution men not to seek redress in a hasty manner, nor to yield to pride and revenge. Do not, in a passion, quit thy post of duty; wait awhile, and thou wilt find that yielding pacifies great offences. Men are not preferred according to their merit. And those are often most forward to offer help, who are least aware of the difficulties, or the consequences. The same remark is applied to the church, or the body of Christ, that all the members should have the same care one for another.
vv11-15
There is a practice in the East, of charming serpents by music. The babbler's tongue is an unruly evil, full of deadly poison; and contradiction only makes it the more violent. We must find the way to keep him gentle. But by rash, unprincipled, or slanderous talk, he brings open or secret vengeance upon himself. Would we duly consider our own ignorance as to future events, it would cut off many idle words which we foolishly multiply. Fools toil a great deal to no purpose. They do not understand the plainest things, such as the entrance into a great city. But it is the excellency of the way to the heavenly city, that it is a high-way, in which the simplest wayfaring men shall not err, 8. But sinful folly makes men miss that only way to happiness.
Key Words
מָוֶת: death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
זְבוּב: a fly (especially one of a stinging nature)
רָקַח: to perfume
שֶׁמֶן: grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
נָבַע: to gush forth; figuratively, to utter (good or bad words); specifically, to emit (a foul odor)
בָּאַשׁ: to smell bad; figuratively, to be offensive morally
מְעַט: a little or few (often adverbial or compar.)
סִכְלוּת: silliness
יָקָר: valuable (objectively or subjectively)
חׇכְמָה: wisdom (in a good sense)
Cross References
Ecclesiastes 10Direct thematic parallel: he who digs a pit for others will fall into it.
Supported by JFB
Parallel instruction on how to behave in the presence of an angry ruler.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels 'yielding pacifieth great offences' through the principle of a soft answer turning away wrath.
Supported by JFB
Directly references the practice of charming/enchanting deaf serpents.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the contrast of the wise man's eyes/heart versus the fool walking in darkness.
Supported by JFB
Thematic parallel of a wicked man digging a pit and falling into it.
Supported by JFB
Historical example of Haman falling into the very trap/gallows he prepared.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates the sudden danger of a serpent biting someone leaning against a wall.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the curse of a land having children/babes as rulers.
Supported by JFB
Parallels how the lips of a fool bring near destruction upon himself.
Supported by JFB
Repeats the vanity of man not knowing what shall be after him.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the labor of fools that does not satisfy or profit.
Supported by JFB
Verbal link with 'ointment' and 'reputation' (good name is better than precious ointment).
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the tongue of the wise using knowledge aright with foolish babbling.
Supported by JFB
Highlights the eastern custom of executing justice in the morning rather than feasting.
Supported by JFB