James 2WEB
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James2

World English Bible · Public Domain

1My brothers, don’t hold the faith of our glorious Lord Jesus Christ with partiality.

2For if a man with a gold ring, in fine clothing, comes into your synagogue, and a poor man in filthy clothing also comes in,

3and you pay special attention to him who wears the fine clothing and say, “Sit here in a good place;” and you tell the poor man, “Stand there,” or “Sit by my footstool”

4haven’t you shown partiality among yourselves, and become judges with evil thoughts?

5Listen, my beloved brothers. Didn’t God choose those who are poor in this world to be rich in faith and heirs of the Kingdom which he promised to those who love him?

6But you have dishonored the poor man. Don’t the rich oppress you and personally drag you before the courts?

7Don’t they blaspheme the honorable name by which you are called?

8However, if you fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you do well.

9But if you show partiality, you commit sin, being convicted by the law as transgressors.

10For whoever keeps the whole law, and yet stumbles in one point, he has become guilty of all.

11For he who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not commit murder.” Now if you do not commit adultery but do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law.

12So speak and so do as men who are to be judged by the law of freedom.

13For judgment is without mercy to him who has shown no mercy. Mercy triumphs over judgment.

14What good is it, my brothers, if a man says he has faith, but has no works? Can faith save him?

15And if a brother or sister is naked and in lack of daily food,

16and one of you tells them, “Go in peace. Be warmed and filled;” yet you didn’t give them the things the body needs, what good is it?

17Even so faith, if it has no works, is dead in itself.

18Yes, a man will say, “You have faith, and I have works.” Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works.

19You believe that God is one. You do well. The demons also believe—and shudder.

20But do you want to know, vain man, that faith apart from works is dead?

21Wasn’t Abraham our father justified by works, in that he offered up Isaac his son on the altar?

22You see that faith worked with his works, and by works faith was perfected.

23So the Scripture was fulfilled which says, “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him as righteousness,” and he was called the friend of God.

24You see then that by works a man is justified, and not only by faith.

25In the same way, wasn’t Rahab the prostitute also justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out another way?

26For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for James 2.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: All professions of faith are vain, if not producing love and justice to others. (1–13). The necessity of good works to prove the sincerity of faith, which otherwise will be of no more advantage than the faith of devils. (14–26).

vv1-13

Those who profess faith in Christ as the Lord of glory, must not respect persons on account of mere outward circumstances and appearances, in a manner not agreeing with their profession of being disciples of the lowly Jesus. St. James does not here encourage rudeness or disorder: civil respect must be paid; but never such as to influence the proceedings of Christians in disposing of the offices of the church of Christ, or in passing the censures of the church, or in any matter of religion. Questioning ourselves is of great use in every part of the holy life. Let us be more frequent in this, and in every thing take occasion to discourse with our souls. As places of worship cannot be built or maintained without expense, it may be proper that those who contribute thereto should be accommodated accordingly; but were all persons more spiritually-minded, the poor would be treated with more attention that usually is the case in worshipping congregations. A lowly state is most favourable for inward peace and for growth in holiness. God would give to all believers riches and honours of this world, if these would do them good, seeing that he has chosen them to be rich in faith, and made them heirs of his kingdom, which he promised to bestow on all who love him. Consider how often riches lead to vice and mischief, and what great reproaches are thrown upon God and religion, by men of wealth, power, and worldly greatness; and it will make this sin appear very sinful and foolish. The Scripture gives as a law, to love our neighbour as ourselves. This law is a royal law, it comes from the King of kings; and if Christians act unjustly, they are convicted by the law as transgressors. To think that our good deeds will atone for our bad deeds, plainly puts us upon looking for another atonement. According to the covenant of works, one breach of any one command brings a man under condemnation, from which no obedience, past, present, or future, can deliver him. This shows us the happiness of those that are in Christ. We may serve him without slavish fear. God's restraints are not a bondage, but our own corruptions are so. The doom passed upon impenitent sinners at last, will be judgment without mercy. But God deems it his glory and joy, to pardon and bless those who might justly be condemned at his tribunal; and his grace teaches those who partake of his mercy, to copy it in their conduct.

vv14-26

Those are wrong who put a mere notional belief of the gospel for the whole of evangelical religion, as many now do. No doubt, true faith alone, whereby men have part in Christ's righteousness, atonement, and grace, saves their souls; but it produces holy fruits, and is shown to be real by its effect on their works; while mere assent to any form of doctrine, or mere historical belief of any facts, wholly differs from this saving faith. A bare profession may gain the good opinion of pious people; and it may procure, in some cases, worldly good things; but what profit will it be, for any to gain the whole world, and to lose their souls? Can this faith save him? All things should be accounted profitable or unprofitable to us, as they tend to forward or hinder the salvation of our souls. This place of Scripture plainly shows that an opinion, or assent to the gospel, without works, is not faith. There is no way to show we really believe in Christ, but by being diligent in good works, from gospel motives, and for gospel purposes. Men may boast to others, and be conceited of that which they really have not. There is not only to be assent in faith, but consent; not only an assent to the truth of the word, but a consent to take Christ. True believing is not an act of the understanding only, but a work of the whole heart. That a justifying faith cannot be without works, is shown from two examples, Abraham and Rahab. Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness. Faith, producing such works, advanced him to peculiar favours. We see then, verse 24, how that by works a man is justified, not by a bare opinion or profession, or believing without obeying; but by having such faith as produces good works. And to have to deny his own reason, affections, and interests, is an action fit to try a believer. Observe here, the wonderful power of faith in changing sinners. Rahab's conduct proved her faith to be living, or having power; it showed that she believed with her heart, not merely by an assent of the understanding. Let us then take heed, for the best works, without faith, are dead; they want root and principle. By faith any thing we do is really good; as done in obedience to God, and aiming at his acceptance: the root is as though it were dead, when there is no fruit. Faith is the root, good works are the fruits; and we must see to it that we have both. This is the grace of God wherein we stand, and we should stand to it. There is no middle state. Every one must either live God's friend, or God's enemy. Living to God, as it is the consequence of faith, which justifies and will save, obliges us to do nothing against him, but every thing for him and to him.

Cross References

James 2
v8Leviticus 19:18quotation

The source of the 'royal law' quoted verbatim: 'Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.'

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v11Exodus 20:13quotation

Quoted directly by James to illustrate the unity of the divine law: 'Do not kill.'

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11Exodus 20:14quotation

Quoted directly by James to illustrate the unity of the divine law: 'Do not commit adultery.'

Supported by Matthew Poole

Direct verbal echo of the title 'the Lord of glory' applied to Jesus Christ.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Underlies the principle that failing in one point of the law brings guilt for the whole.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v19Deuteronomy 6:4allusion

Alludes to the Jewish Shema, affirming that 'there is one God.'

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v21Genesis 22:12allusion

The historical account where Abraham's faith was proven by offering up Isaac.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v23Isaiah 41:8allusion

The Old Testament passage calling Abraham 'the friend of God,' as cited by James.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v25Joshua 2:1allusion

The historical account of Rahab receiving the messengers, demonstrating her active faith.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Leviticus 19:15thematic

Old Testament prohibition against partiality or respecting persons in judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

Commandment not to respect persons in judgment, matching James' warning against partiality.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Proverbs 21:13thematic

Parallels the warning of receiving judgment without mercy if one shows no mercy to the poor.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v19Matthew 8:29thematic

Demonstrates the reality of demons believing in Christ's identity and trembling in fear.

Supported by Matthew Henry