Jeremiah 34KJV
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Jeremiah34

King James Version · Public Domain

1The word which came unto Jeremiah from the Lord, when Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and all his army, and all the kingdoms of the earth of his dominion, and all the people, fought against Jerusalem, and against all the cities thereof, saying,

2Thus saith the Lord, the God of Israel; Go and speak to Zedekiah king of Judah, and tell him, Thus saith the Lord; Behold, I will give this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall burn it with fire:

3And thou shalt not escape out of his hand, but shalt surely be taken, and delivered into his hand; and thine eyes shall behold the eyes of the king of Babylon, and he shall speak with thee mouth to mouth, and thou shalt go to Babylon.

4Yet hear the word of the Lord, O Zedekiah king of Judah; Thus saith the Lord of thee, Thou shalt not die by the sword:

5But thou shalt die in peace: and with the burnings of thy fathers, the former kings which were before thee, so shall they burn odours for thee; and they will lament thee, saying, Ah lord! for I have pronounced the word, saith the Lord.

6Then Jeremiah the prophet spake all these words unto Zedekiah king of Judah in Jerusalem,

7When the king of Babylon's army fought against Jerusalem, and against all the cities of Judah that were left, against Lachish, and against Azekah: for these defenced cities remained of the cities of Judah.

8This is the word that came unto Jeremiah from the Lord, after that the king Zedekiah had made a covenant with all the people which were at Jerusalem, to proclaim liberty unto them;

9That every man should let his manservant, and every man his maidservant, being an Hebrew or an Hebrewess, go free; that none should serve himself of them, to wit, of a Jew his brother.

10Now when all the princes, and all the people, which had entered into the covenant, heard that every one should let his manservant, and every one his maidservant, go free, that none should serve themselves of them any more, then they obeyed, and let them go.

11But afterward they turned, and caused the servants and the handmaids, whom they had let go free, to return, and brought them into subjection for servants and for handmaids.

12Therefore the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying,

13Thus saith the Lord, the God of Israel; I made a covenant with your fathers in the day that I brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondmen, saying,

14At the end of seven years let ye go every man his brother an Hebrew, which hath been sold unto thee; and when he hath served thee six years, thou shalt let him go free from thee: but your fathers hearkened not unto me, neither inclined their ear.

15And ye were now turned, and had done right in my sight, in proclaiming liberty every man to his neighbour; and ye had made a covenant before me in the house which is called by my name:

16But ye turned and polluted my name, and caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid, whom ye had set at liberty at their pleasure, to return, and brought them into subjection, to be unto you for servants and for handmaids.

17Therefore thus saith the Lord; Ye have not hearkened unto me, in proclaiming liberty, every one to his brother, and every man to his neighbour: behold, I proclaim a liberty for you, saith the Lord, to the sword, to the pestilence, and to the famine; and I will make you to be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth.

18And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, which have not performed the words of the covenant which they had made before me, when they cut the calf in twain, and passed between the parts thereof,

19The princes of Judah, and the princes of Jerusalem, the eunuchs, and the priests, and all the people of the land, which passed between the parts of the calf;

20I will even give them into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of them that seek their life: and their dead bodies shall be for meat unto the fowls of the heaven, and to the beasts of the earth.

21And Zedekiah king of Judah and his princes will I give into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of them that seek their life, and into the hand of the king of Babylon's army, which are gone up from you.

22Behold, I will command, saith the Lord, and cause them to return to this city; and they shall fight against it, and take it, and burn it with fire: and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation without an inhabitant.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 34.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Zedekiah's death at Babylon foretold. (1-7). The Jews reproved for compelling their poor brethren to return to unlawful bondage. (8-22).

vv1-7

Zedekiah is told that the city shall be taken, and that he shall die a captive, but he shall die a natural death. It is better to live and die penitent in a prison, than to live and die impenitent in a palace.

vv8-22

A Jew should not be held in servitude above seven years. This law they and their fathers had broken. And when there was some hope that the siege was raised, they forced the servants they had released into their services again. Those who think to cheat God by dissembled repentance and partial reformation, put the greatest cheat upon their own souls. This shows that liberty to sin, is really only liberty to have the sorest judgments. It is just with God to disappoint expectations of mercy, when we disappoint the expectations of duty. And when reformation springs only from terror, it is seldom lasting. Solemn vows thus entered into, profane the ordinances of God; and the most forward to bind themselves by appeals to God, are commonly most ready to break them. Let us look to our hearts, that our repentance may be real, and take care that the law of God regulates our conduct.

Cross References

Jeremiah 34
v14Exodus 21:1-4thematic

The Mosaic covenantal law requiring Hebrew servants to be set free after six years of service.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The Sabbatical year command to let Hebrew brothers sold to servitude go free.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Jeremiah 32:4thematic

Parallels the specific warning that Zedekiah would be delivered into Nebuchadnezzar's hand.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v18Genesis 15:10thematic

The ancient custom of cutting sacrificial animals in two to make a covenant.

Supported by JFB

Customary burning of aromatic spices for royal burials, which Zedekiah is promised.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Jeremiah 22:18contrast

Contrasts Zedekiah's peaceful lamented death with Jehoiakim's shameful, unmourned 'burial of an ass.'

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Levitical prohibition against treating a brother Hebrew as a bondservant.

Supported by JFB

v11Jeremiah 37:5thematic

The temporary lifting of the Babylonian siege by Pharaoh's army, prompting the relapse into enslavement.

Supported by JFB

v11Exodus 8:15thematic

Pharaoh's pattern of hardening his heart and reneging as soon as relief was granted.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v16Exodus 20:7thematic

Violating an oath made in God's house profanes and pollutes His holy name.

Supported by JFB

v17Deuteronomy 28:25fulfillment

Deuteronomic curse fulfilled in Israel being removed into all the kingdoms of the earth.

Supported by JFB

v18Genesis 15:17thematic

The passing of covenanting parties between divided pieces of animals.

Supported by JFB

v8Nehemiah 5:1-13thematic

A parallel post-exilic struggle where wealthy Jews illegally enslaved their poor brethren.

Supported by JFB

v17Matthew 7:2thematic

The measure you use will be measured to you; they refused liberty, so God proclaims liberty to sword.

Supported by JFB