Jeremiah 34NIV
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Jeremiah34

New International Version

1While Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and all his army and all the kingdoms and peoples in the empire he ruled were fighting against Jerusalem and all its surrounding towns, this word came to Jeremiah from the Lord:

2“This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Go to Zedekiah king of Judah and tell him, ‘This is what the Lord says: I am about to give this city into the hands of the king of Babylon, and he will burn it down.

3You will not escape from his grasp but will surely be captured and given into his hands. You will see the king of Babylon with your own eyes, and he will speak with you face to face. And you will go to Babylon.

4“‘Yet hear the Lord’s promise to you, Zedekiah king of Judah. This is what the Lord says concerning you: You will not die by the sword;

5you will die peacefully. As people made a funeral fire in honor of your predecessors, the kings who ruled before you, so they will make a fire in your honor and lament, “Alas, master!” I myself make this promise, declares the Lord.’”

6Then Jeremiah the prophet told all this to Zedekiah king of Judah, in Jerusalem,

7while the army of the king of Babylon was fighting against Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah that were still holding out—Lachish and Azekah. These were the only fortified cities left in Judah.

8The word came to Jeremiah from the Lord after King Zedekiah had made a covenant with all the people in Jerusalem to proclaim freedom for the slaves.

9Everyone was to free their Hebrew slaves, both male and female; no one was to hold a fellow Hebrew in bondage.

10So all the officials and people who entered into this covenant agreed that they would free their male and female slaves and no longer hold them in bondage. They agreed, and set them free.

11But afterward they changed their minds and took back the slaves they had freed and enslaved them again.

12Then the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah:

13“This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: I made a covenant with your ancestors when I brought them out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery. I said,

14‘Every seventh year each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who have sold themselves to you. After they have served you six years, you must let them go free.’ Your ancestors, however, did not listen to me or pay attention to me.

15Recently you repented and did what is right in my sight: Each of you proclaimed freedom to your own people. You even made a covenant before me in the house that bears my Name.

16But now you have turned around and profaned my name; each of you has taken back the male and female slaves you had set free to go where they wished. You have forced them to become your slaves again.

17“Therefore this is what the Lord says: You have not obeyed me; you have not proclaimed freedom to your own people. So I now proclaim ‘freedom’ for you, declares the Lord—‘freedom’ to fall by the sword, plague and famine. I will make you abhorrent to all the kingdoms of the earth.

18Those who have violated my covenant and have not fulfilled the terms of the covenant they made before me, I will treat like the calf they cut in two and then walked between its pieces.

19The leaders of Judah and Jerusalem, the court officials, the priests and all the people of the land who walked between the pieces of the calf,

20I will deliver into the hands of their enemies who want to kill them. Their dead bodies will become food for the birds and the wild animals.

21“I will deliver Zedekiah king of Judah and his officials into the hands of their enemies who want to kill them, to the army of the king of Babylon, which has withdrawn from you.

22I am going to give the order, declares the Lord, and I will bring them back to this city. They will fight against it, take it and burn it down. And I will lay waste the towns of Judah so no one can live there.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 34.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Zedekiah's death at Babylon foretold. (1-7). The Jews reproved for compelling their poor brethren to return to unlawful bondage. (8-22).

vv1-7

Zedekiah is told that the city shall be taken, and that he shall die a captive, but he shall die a natural death. It is better to live and die penitent in a prison, than to live and die impenitent in a palace.

vv8-22

A Jew should not be held in servitude above seven years. This law they and their fathers had broken. And when there was some hope that the siege was raised, they forced the servants they had released into their services again. Those who think to cheat God by dissembled repentance and partial reformation, put the greatest cheat upon their own souls. This shows that liberty to sin, is really only liberty to have the sorest judgments. It is just with God to disappoint expectations of mercy, when we disappoint the expectations of duty. And when reformation springs only from terror, it is seldom lasting. Solemn vows thus entered into, profane the ordinances of God; and the most forward to bind themselves by appeals to God, are commonly most ready to break them. Let us look to our hearts, that our repentance may be real, and take care that the law of God regulates our conduct.

Cross References

Jeremiah 34
v14Exodus 21:1-4thematic

The Mosaic covenantal law requiring Hebrew servants to be set free after six years of service.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The Sabbatical year command to let Hebrew brothers sold to servitude go free.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Jeremiah 32:4thematic

Parallels the specific warning that Zedekiah would be delivered into Nebuchadnezzar's hand.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v18Genesis 15:10thematic

The ancient custom of cutting sacrificial animals in two to make a covenant.

Supported by JFB

Customary burning of aromatic spices for royal burials, which Zedekiah is promised.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Jeremiah 22:18contrast

Contrasts Zedekiah's peaceful lamented death with Jehoiakim's shameful, unmourned 'burial of an ass.'

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Levitical prohibition against treating a brother Hebrew as a bondservant.

Supported by JFB

v11Jeremiah 37:5thematic

The temporary lifting of the Babylonian siege by Pharaoh's army, prompting the relapse into enslavement.

Supported by JFB

v11Exodus 8:15thematic

Pharaoh's pattern of hardening his heart and reneging as soon as relief was granted.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v16Exodus 20:7thematic

Violating an oath made in God's house profanes and pollutes His holy name.

Supported by JFB

v17Deuteronomy 28:25fulfillment

Deuteronomic curse fulfilled in Israel being removed into all the kingdoms of the earth.

Supported by JFB

v18Genesis 15:17thematic

The passing of covenanting parties between divided pieces of animals.

Supported by JFB

v8Nehemiah 5:1-13thematic

A parallel post-exilic struggle where wealthy Jews illegally enslaved their poor brethren.

Supported by JFB

v17Matthew 7:2thematic

The measure you use will be measured to you; they refused liberty, so God proclaims liberty to sword.

Supported by JFB