Leviticus 25NIV
Books
All books

Leviticus25

New International Version

1The Lord said to Moses at Mount Sinai,

2“Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you enter the land I am going to give you, the land itself must observe a sabbath to the Lord.

3For six years sow your fields, and for six years prune your vineyards and gather their crops.

4But in the seventh year the land is to have a year of sabbath rest, a sabbath to the Lord. Do not sow your fields or prune your vineyards.

5Do not reap what grows of itself or harvest the grapes of your untended vines. The land is to have a year of rest.

6Whatever the land yields during the sabbath year will be food for you—for yourself, your male and female servants, and the hired worker and temporary resident who live among you,

7as well as for your livestock and the wild animals in your land. Whatever the land produces may be eaten.

8“‘Count off seven sabbath years—seven times seven years—so that the seven sabbath years amount to a period of forty-nine years.

9Then have the trumpet sounded everywhere on the tenth day of the seventh month; on the Day of Atonement sound the trumpet throughout your land.

10Consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you; each of you is to return to your family property and to your own clan.

11The fiftieth year shall be a jubilee for you; do not sow and do not reap what grows of itself or harvest the untended vines.

12For it is a jubilee and is to be holy for you; eat only what is taken directly from the fields.

13“‘In this Year of Jubilee everyone is to return to their own property.

14“‘If you sell land to any of your own people or buy land from them, do not take advantage of each other.

15You are to buy from your own people on the basis of the number of years since the Jubilee. And they are to sell to you on the basis of the number of years left for harvesting crops.

16When the years are many, you are to increase the price, and when the years are few, you are to decrease the price, because what is really being sold to you is the number of crops.

17Do not take advantage of each other, but fear your God. I am the Lord your God.

18“‘Follow my decrees and be careful to obey my laws, and you will live safely in the land.

19Then the land will yield its fruit, and you will eat your fill and live there in safety.

20You may ask, “What will we eat in the seventh year if we do not plant or harvest our crops?”

21I will send you such a blessing in the sixth year that the land will yield enough for three years.

22While you plant during the eighth year, you will eat from the old crop and will continue to eat from it until the harvest of the ninth year comes in.

23“‘The land must not be sold permanently, because the land is mine and you reside in my land as foreigners and strangers.

24Throughout the land that you hold as a possession, you must provide for the redemption of the land.

25“‘If one of your fellow Israelites becomes poor and sells some of their property, their nearest relative is to come and redeem what they have sold.

26If, however, there is no one to redeem it for them but later on they prosper and acquire sufficient means to redeem it themselves,

27they are to determine the value for the years since they sold it and refund the balance to the one to whom they sold it; they can then go back to their own property.

28But if they do not acquire the means to repay, what was sold will remain in the possession of the buyer until the Year of Jubilee. It will be returned in the Jubilee, and they can then go back to their property.

29“‘Anyone who sells a house in a walled city retains the right of redemption a full year after its sale. During that time the seller may redeem it.

30If it is not redeemed before a full year has passed, the house in the walled city shall belong permanently to the buyer and the buyer’s descendants. It is not to be returned in the Jubilee.

31But houses in villages without walls around them are to be considered as belonging to the open country. They can be redeemed, and they are to be returned in the Jubilee.

32“‘The Levites always have the right to redeem their houses in the Levitical towns, which they possess.

33So the property of the Levites is redeemable—that is, a house sold in any town they hold—and is to be returned in the Jubilee, because the houses in the towns of the Levites are their property among the Israelites.

34But the pastureland belonging to their towns must not be sold; it is their permanent possession.

35“‘If any of your fellow Israelites become poor and are unable to support themselves among you, help them as you would a foreigner and stranger, so they can continue to live among you.

36Do not take interest or any profit from them, but fear your God, so that they may continue to live among you.

37You must not lend them money at interest or sell them food at a profit.

38I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt to give you the land of Canaan and to be your God.

39“‘If any of your fellow Israelites become poor and sell themselves to you, do not make them work as slaves.

40They are to be treated as hired workers or temporary residents among you; they are to work for you until the Year of Jubilee.

41Then they and their children are to be released, and they will go back to their own clans and to the property of their ancestors.

42Because the Israelites are my servants, whom I brought out of Egypt, they must not be sold as slaves.

43Do not rule over them ruthlessly, but fear your God.

44“‘Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves.

45You may also buy some of the temporary residents living among you and members of their clans born in your country, and they will become your property.

46You can bequeath them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life, but you must not rule over your fellow Israelites ruthlessly.

47“‘If a foreigner residing among you becomes rich and any of your fellow Israelites become poor and sell themselves to the foreigner or to a member of the foreigner’s clan,

48they retain the right of redemption after they have sold themselves. One of their relatives may redeem them:

49An uncle or a cousin or any blood relative in their clan may redeem them. Or if they prosper, they may redeem themselves.

50They and their buyer are to count the time from the year they sold themselves up to the Year of Jubilee. The price for their release is to be based on the rate paid to a hired worker for that number of years.

51If many years remain, they must pay for their redemption a larger share of the price paid for them.

52If only a few years remain until the Year of Jubilee, they are to compute that and pay for their redemption accordingly.

53They are to be treated as workers hired from year to year; you must see to it that those to whom they owe service do not rule over them ruthlessly.

54“‘Even if someone is not redeemed in any of these ways, they and their children are to be released in the Year of Jubilee,

55for the Israelites belong to me as servants. They are my servants, whom I brought out of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Leviticus 25.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The sabbath of rest for the land in the seventh year. (1–7). The jubilee of the fiftieth year, Oppression forbidden. (8–22). Redemption of the land and houses. (23–34). Compassion towards the poor. (35–38). Laws respecting bondmen, Oppression forbidden. (39–55).

vv1-7

All labour was to cease in the seventh year, as much as daily labour on the seventh day. These statues tell us to beware of covetousness, for a man's life consists not in the abundance of his possessions. We are to exercise willing dependence on God's providence for our support; to consider ourselves the Lord's tenants or stewards, and to use our possessions accordingly. This year of rest typified the spiritual rest which all believers enter into through Christ. Through Him we are eased of the burden of wordly care and labour, both being sanctified and sweetened to us; and we are enabled and encouraged to live by faith.

vv8-22

The word “jubilee” signifies a peculiarly animated sound of the silver trumpets. This sound was to be made on the evening of the great day of atonement; for the proclamation of gospel liberty and salvation results from the sacrifice of the Redeemer. It was provided that the lands should not be sold away from their families. They could only be disposed of, as it were, by leases till the year of jubilee, and then returned to the owner or his heir. This tended to preserve their tribes and families distinct, till the coming of the Messiah. The liberty every man was born to, if sold or forfeited, should return at the year of jubilee. This was typical of redemption by Christ from the slavery of sin and Satan, and of being brought again to the liberty of the children of God. All bargains ought to be made by this rule, “Ye shall not oppress one another,” not take advantage of one another's ignorance or necessity, “but thou shalt fear thy God.” The fear of God reigning in the heart, would restrain from doing wrong to our neighbour in word or deed. Assurance was given that they should be great gainers, by observing these years of rest. If we are careful to do our duty, we may trust God with our comfort. This was a miracle for an encouragement to all neither sowed or reaped. This was a miracle for an encouragement to all God's people, in all ages, to trust him in the way of duty. There is nothing lost by faith and self-denial in obedience. Some asked, What shall we eat the seventh year? Thus many Christians anticipate evils, questioning what they shall do, and fearing to proceed in the way of duty. But we have no right to anticipate evils, so as to distress ourselves about them. To carnal minds we may appear to act absurdly, but the path of duty is ever the path of safety.

vv23-34

If the land were not redeemed before the year of jubilee, it then returned to him that sold or mortgaged it. This was a figure of the free grace of God in Christ; by which, and not by any price or merit of our own, we are restored to the favour of God. Houses in walled cities were more the fruits of their own industry than land in the country, which was the direct gift of God's bounty; therefore if a man sold a house in a city, he might redeem it only within a year after the sale. This encouraged strangers and proselytes to come and settle among them.

Cross References

Leviticus 25
v10Isaiah 61:1-3typology

The proclamation of liberty in the Jubilee typifies Christ's proclamation of spiritual liberty and gospel redemption.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v222 Kings 19:29thematic

Sowing the eighth year and eating old fruit has a historical parallel in Sennacherib's invasion sign.

Supported by JFB

Warns of exile so the land can enjoy the sabbaths it was denied during Israel's disobedience.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Exodus 23:10-11thematic

The foundational Covenant Code law establishing the seventh-year fallow for the land and the poor.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v202 Kings 19:29thematic

Historical example of God providing spontaneous, miraculous crops for consecutive years during a crisis.

Supported by JFB

v20Matthew 6:25-34thematic

Christ's exhortation against anxious care echoes the trust required for the sabbatical year's provision.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Deuteronomy parallel prohibiting taking usury or increase from a poor brother.

Supported by John Calvin

Since believers are bought with a price, they belong to God and must not be sold as slaves.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v43Colossians 4:1thematic

Masters must give servants what is just and equal, remembering they too have a Master in heaven.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v42 Chronicles 36:21fulfillment

The Babylonian exile explicitly fulfills the land's need to rest and keep its missed sabbaths.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Leviticus 23:27thematic

The Day of Atonement is the specific holy day when the Jubilee trumpet is sounded.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Luke 4:16-21fulfillment

Jesus reads Isaiah 61 and declares the ultimate fulfillment of the Jubilee's release.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v20Isaiah 37:30thematic

Parallel promise of eating spontaneous growth during years without sowing or reaping.

Supported by JFB

God's explicit answer to the question in verse 20, promising a threefold harvest.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v231 Kings 21:3thematic

Naboth's refusal to sell his inheritance reflects the divine law that the land is God's.

Supported by Matthew Poole

David confesses that Israel are strangers and sojourners before God, matching the land ownership law.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v32Numbers 35:2-8thematic

Defines the cities and suburbs of the Levites, which had distinct redemption rules.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v39Colossians 4:1thematic

New Testament parallel instructing masters to give servants what is just and equal.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Deuteronomy parallel concerning the release and treatment of Hebrew servants.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v41John 8:32typology

The restoration of liberty in the Jubilee typified spiritual freedom and redemption through Christ's truth.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v48Hebrews 2:11-13thematic

Christ became our near kinsman (Goel) to redeem us from bondage, acting as the ultimate redeemer.

v49Jeremiah 32:7thematic

Illustrates the active practice of the right of kinsman redemption (Goel) within Israel's land and family laws.

v10Leviticus 25:23thematic

Explains why land returns in the Jubilee: the land belongs to God; Israel is tenants.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Ezekiel 46:17thematic

Prophetic reference to the 'year of liberty' where land gifts return to their original owners.

Supported by John Calvin

God's severe judgment on Israel for failing to release Hebrew slaves in accordance with the law.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Leviticus 25:14thematic

Repeats the strict prohibition against oppressing one another in trade, grounded in fear of God.

Supported by JFB

v23Leviticus 25:10thematic

The foundational jubilee proclamation of liberty and return to family possessions.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v23Psalms 39:12thematic

The Psalmist echoes that he is a stranger and sojourner on God's earth.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v36Nehemiah 5:7-10thematic

Nehemiah rebukes the nobles for taking usury from their impoverished brethren.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v41Leviticus 25:10thematic

The foundational decree of Jubilee requiring every man to return to his family and possession.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v43Exodus 1:13contrast

Contrasts the forbidden 'rigour' among Hebrew brethren with Egypt's harsh oppression of Israel.

v48Leviticus 25:25thematic

The law of kinsman redemption applied specifically to the recovery of lost or sold property.

v48Nehemiah 5:8thematic

Nehemiah instances this law, noting effort made to redeem Jewish brethren sold to heathens.

v9Romans 10:18allusion

Applies the sounding of the trumpet globally to the preaching of the gospel message.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v22Leviticus 26:10thematic

Promise of clearing out old store to make room for new harvest.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Jeremiah 32:7thematic

Jeremiah purchases the field of his uncle's son, exercising the right of redemption.

Supported by Matthew Poole