2 Kings19
New International Version
1When King Hezekiah heard this, he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and went into the temple of the Lord.
2He sent Eliakim the palace administrator, Shebna the secretary and the leading priests, all wearing sackcloth, to the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz.
3They told him, “This is what Hezekiah says: This day is a day of distress and rebuke and disgrace, as when children come to the moment of birth and there is no strength to deliver them.
4It may be that the Lord your God will hear all the words of the field commander, whom his master, the king of Assyria, has sent to ridicule the living God, and that he will rebuke him for the words the Lord your God has heard. Therefore pray for the remnant that still survives.”
5When King Hezekiah’s officials came to Isaiah,
6Isaiah said to them, “Tell your master, ‘This is what the Lord says: Do not be afraid of what you have heard—those words with which the underlings of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me.
7Listen! When he hears a certain report, I will make him want to return to his own country, and there I will have him cut down with the sword.’”
8When the field commander heard that the king of Assyria had left Lachish, he withdrew and found the king fighting against Libnah.
9Now Sennacherib received a report that Tirhakah, the king of Cush, was marching out to fight against him. So he again sent messengers to Hezekiah with this word:
10“Say to Hezekiah king of Judah: Do not let the god you depend on deceive you when he says, ‘Jerusalem will not be given into the hands of the king of Assyria.’
11Surely you have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all the countries, destroying them completely. And will you be delivered?
12Did the gods of the nations that were destroyed by my predecessors deliver them—the gods of Gozan, Harran, Rezeph and the people of Eden who were in Tel Assar?
13Where is the king of Hamath or the king of Arpad? Where are the kings of Lair, Sepharvaim, Hena and Ivvah?”
14Hezekiah received the letter from the messengers and read it. Then he went up to the temple of the Lord and spread it out before the Lord.
15And Hezekiah prayed to the Lord: “Lord, the God of Israel, enthroned between the cherubim, you alone are God over all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth.
16Give ear, Lord, and hear; open your eyes, Lord, and see; listen to the words Sennacherib has sent to ridicule the living God.
17“It is true, Lord, that the Assyrian kings have laid waste these nations and their lands.
18They have thrown their gods into the fire and destroyed them, for they were not gods but only wood and stone, fashioned by human hands.
19Now, Lord our God, deliver us from his hand, so that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that you alone, Lord, are God.”
20Then Isaiah son of Amoz sent a message to Hezekiah: “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: I have heard your prayer concerning Sennacherib king of Assyria.
21This is the word that the Lord has spoken against him: “‘Virgin Daughter Zion despises you and mocks you. Daughter Jerusalem tosses her head as you flee.
22Who is it you have ridiculed and blasphemed? Against whom have you raised your voice and lifted your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel!
23By your messengers you have ridiculed the Lord. And you have said, “With my many chariots I have ascended the heights of the mountains, the utmost heights of Lebanon. I have cut down its tallest cedars, the choicest of its junipers. I have reached its remotest parts, the finest of its forests.
24I have dug wells in foreign lands and drunk the water there. With the soles of my feet I have dried up all the streams of Egypt.”
25“‘Have you not heard? Long ago I ordained it. In days of old I planned it; now I have brought it to pass, that you have turned fortified cities into piles of stone.
26Their people, drained of power, are dismayed and put to shame. They are like plants in the field, like tender green shoots, like grass sprouting on the roof, scorched before it grows up.
27“‘But I know where you are and when you come and go and how you rage against me.
28Because you rage against me and because your insolence has reached my ears, I will put my hook in your nose and my bit in your mouth, and I will make you return by the way you came.’
29“This will be the sign for you, Hezekiah: “This year you will eat what grows by itself, and the second year what springs from that. But in the third year sow and reap, plant vineyards and eat their fruit.
30Once more a remnant of the kingdom of Judah will take root below and bear fruit above.
31For out of Jerusalem will come a remnant, and out of Mount Zion a band of survivors. “The zeal of the Lord Almighty will accomplish this.
32“Therefore this is what the Lord says concerning the king of Assyria: “‘He will not enter this city or shoot an arrow here. He will not come before it with shield or build a siege ramp against it.
33By the way that he came he will return; he will not enter this city, declares the Lord.
34I will defend this city and save it, for my sake and for the sake of David my servant.’”
35That night the angel of the Lord went out and put to death a hundred and eighty-five thousand in the Assyrian camp. When the people got up the next morning—there were all the dead bodies!
36So Sennacherib king of Assyria broke camp and withdrew. He returned to Nineveh and stayed there.
37One day, while he was worshiping in the temple of his god Nisrok, his sons Adrammelek and Sharezer killed him with the sword, and they escaped to the land of Ararat. And Esarhaddon his son succeeded him as king.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 19.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Hezekiah receives an answer of peace. (1–7). Sennacherib's letter. (8–19). His fall is prophesied. (20–34). The Assyrian army destroyed, Sennacherib slain. (35–37).
vv1-7
Hezekiah discovered deep concern at the dishonour done to God by Rabshakeh's blasphemy. Those who speak from God to us, we should in a particular manner desire to speak to God for us. The great Prophet is the great Intercessor. Those are likely to prevail with God, who lift up their hearts in prayer. Man's extremity is God's opportunity. While his servants can speak nothing but terror to the profane, the proud, and the hypocritical, they have comfortable words for the discouraged believer.
vv8-19
Prayer is the never-failing resource of the tempted Christian, whether struggling with outward difficulties or inward foes. At the mercy-seat of his almighty Friend he opens his heart, spreads his case, like Hezekiah, and makes his appeal. When he can discern that the glory of God is engaged on his side, faith gains the victory, and he rejoices that he shall never be moved. The best pleas in prayer are taken from God's honour. (2Ki 19:20-34)
vv20-34
All Sennacherib's motions were under the Divine cognizance. God himself undertakes to defend the city; and that person, that place, cannot but be safe, which he undertakes to protect. The invasion of the Assyrians probably had prevented the land from being sown that year. The next is supposed to have been the sabbatical year, but the Lord engaged that the produce of the land should be sufficient for their support during those two years. As the performance of this promise was to be after the destruction of Sennacherib's army, it was a sign to Hezekiah's faith, assuring him of that present deliverance, as an earnest of the Lord's future care of the kingdom of Judah. This the Lord would perform, not for their righteousness, but his own glory. May our hearts be as good ground, that his word may strike root therein, and bring forth fruit in our lives.
Key Words
מֶלֶךְ: a king
חִזְקִיָּה: Chizkijah, a king of Judah, also the name of two other Israelites
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
קָרַע: to rend, literally or figuratively (revile, paint the eyes, as if enlarging them)
בֶּגֶד: a covering, i.e. clothing; also treachery or pillage
כָּסָה: properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)
שַׂק: properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run through), i.e. coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grain, etc.)
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
שָׁלַח: to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
Cross References
2 Kings 19Direct parallel account of Hezekiah receiving Sennacherib's letter and spreading it before the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Identical prophetic record of the angel of the Lord destroying 185,000 Assyrian soldiers.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct parallel fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy that Sennacherib would fall by the sword in his own land.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Chronicles parallel showing Hezekiah and Isaiah crying out to heaven in prayer together.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Theological foundation for the agricultural sign of eating what grows of itself during sabbatical years.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Identifies Libnah as a neighboring fortress under siege, explaining Sennacherib's movement from Lachish.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the 'rumour' predicted by Isaiah as Tirhakah king of Ethiopia coming out to fight.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes Hezekiah's prayer addressing God as the Shepherd of Israel who dwells between the cherubim.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel account emphasizing the divine intervention of the angel destroying the Assyrian leadership.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Uses the same vivid birth pangs metaphor to describe severe national extremity without strength.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Hezekiah's argument that the destroyed nations' gods were merely wood and stone.
Supported by JFB
Reveals Assyria as merely the rod of God's anger, planned in ancient times.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels God's judgment using the bridle and hook metaphor to turn Assyria back.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic command not to fear the Assyrian's physical siege weapons.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Illustrates God's covenant loyalty to preserve Jerusalem for His servant David's sake.
Supported by Matthew Henry