2 Kings19
World English Bible · Public Domain
1When King Hezekiah heard it, he tore his clothes, covered himself with sackcloth, and went into Yahweh’s house.
2He sent Eliakim, who was over the household, Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz.
3They said to him, “Hezekiah says, ‘Today is a day of trouble, of rebuke, and of rejection; for the children have come to the point of birth, and there is no strength to deliver them.
4It may be Yahweh your God will hear all the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of Assyria his master has sent to defy the living God, and will rebuke the words which Yahweh your God has heard. Therefore lift up your prayer for the remnant that is left.’”
5So the servants of King Hezekiah came to Isaiah.
6Isaiah said to them, “Tell your master this: ‘Yahweh says, “Don’t be afraid of the words that you have heard, with which the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me.
7Behold, I will put a spirit in him, and he will hear news, and will return to his own land. I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land.”’”
8So Rabshakeh returned and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah; for he had heard that he had departed from Lachish.
9When he heard it said of Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, “Behold, he has come out to fight against you,” he sent messengers again to Hezekiah, saying,
10“Tell Hezekiah king of Judah this: ‘Don’t let your God in whom you trust deceive you, saying, Jerusalem will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.
11Behold, you have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, by destroying them utterly. Will you be delivered?
12Have the gods of the nations delivered them, which my fathers have destroyed—Gozan, Haran, Rezeph, and the children of Eden who were in Telassar?
13Where is the king of Hamath, the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivvah?’”
14Hezekiah received the letter from the hand of the messengers and read it. Then Hezekiah went up to Yahweh’s house, and spread it before Yahweh.
15Hezekiah prayed before Yahweh, and said, “Yahweh, the God of Israel, who are enthroned above the cherubim, you are the God, even you alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth.
16Incline your ear, Yahweh, and hear. Open your eyes, Yahweh, and see. Hear the words of Sennacherib, which he has sent to defy the living God.
17Truly, Yahweh, the kings of Assyria have laid waste the nations and their lands,
18and have cast their gods into the fire; for they were no gods, but the work of men’s hands, wood and stone. Therefore they have destroyed them.
19Now therefore, Yahweh our God, save us, I beg you, out of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that you, Yahweh, are God alone.”
20Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, “Yahweh, the God of Israel, says ‘You have prayed to me against Sennacherib king of Assyria, and I have heard you.
21This is the word that Yahweh has spoken concerning him: ‘The virgin daughter of Zion has despised you and ridiculed you. The daughter of Jerusalem has shaken her head at you.
22Whom have you defied and blasphemed? Against whom have you exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes on high? Against the Holy One of Israel!
23By your messengers, you have defied the Lord, and have said, “With the multitude of my chariots, I have come up to the height of the mountains, to the innermost parts of Lebanon, and I will cut down its tall cedars and its choice cypress trees; and I will enter into his farthest lodging place, the forest of his fruitful field.
24I have dug and drunk strange waters, and I will dry up all the rivers of Egypt with the sole of my feet.”
25Haven’t you heard how I have done it long ago, and formed it of ancient times? Now I have brought it to pass, that it should be yours to lay waste fortified cities into ruinous heaps.
26Therefore their inhabitants had little power. They were dismayed and confounded. They were like the grass of the field and like the green herb, like the grass on the housetops and like grain blasted before it has grown up.
27But I know your sitting down, your going out, your coming in, and your raging against me.
28Because of your raging against me, and because your arrogance has come up into my ears, therefore I will put my hook in your nose, and my bridle in your lips, and I will turn you back by the way by which you came.’
29“This will be the sign to you: This year, you will eat that which grows of itself, and in the second year that which springs from that; and in the third year sow and reap, and plant vineyards and eat their fruit.
30The remnant that has escaped of the house of Judah will again take root downward, and bear fruit upward.
31For out of Jerusalem a remnant will go out, and out of Mount Zion those who shall escape. Yahweh’s zeal will perform this.
32“Therefore Yahweh says concerning the king of Assyria, ‘He will not come to this city, nor shoot an arrow there. He will not come before it with shield, nor cast up a mound against it.
33He will return the same way that he came, and he will not come to this city,’ says Yahweh.
34‘For I will defend this city to save it, for my own sake and for my servant David’s sake.’”
35That night, Yahweh’s angel went out and struck one hundred eighty-five thousand in the camp of the Assyrians. When men arose early in the morning, behold, these were all dead bodies.
36So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, went home, and lived at Nineveh.
37As he was worshiping in the house of Nisroch his god, Adrammelech and Sharezer struck him with the sword; and they escaped into the land of Ararat. Esar Haddon his son reigned in his place.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 19.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Hezekiah receives an answer of peace. (1–7). Sennacherib's letter. (8–19). His fall is prophesied. (20–34). The Assyrian army destroyed, Sennacherib slain. (35–37).
vv1-7
Hezekiah discovered deep concern at the dishonour done to God by Rabshakeh's blasphemy. Those who speak from God to us, we should in a particular manner desire to speak to God for us. The great Prophet is the great Intercessor. Those are likely to prevail with God, who lift up their hearts in prayer. Man's extremity is God's opportunity. While his servants can speak nothing but terror to the profane, the proud, and the hypocritical, they have comfortable words for the discouraged believer.
vv8-19
Prayer is the never-failing resource of the tempted Christian, whether struggling with outward difficulties or inward foes. At the mercy-seat of his almighty Friend he opens his heart, spreads his case, like Hezekiah, and makes his appeal. When he can discern that the glory of God is engaged on his side, faith gains the victory, and he rejoices that he shall never be moved. The best pleas in prayer are taken from God's honour. (2Ki 19:20-34)
vv20-34
All Sennacherib's motions were under the Divine cognizance. God himself undertakes to defend the city; and that person, that place, cannot but be safe, which he undertakes to protect. The invasion of the Assyrians probably had prevented the land from being sown that year. The next is supposed to have been the sabbatical year, but the Lord engaged that the produce of the land should be sufficient for their support during those two years. As the performance of this promise was to be after the destruction of Sennacherib's army, it was a sign to Hezekiah's faith, assuring him of that present deliverance, as an earnest of the Lord's future care of the kingdom of Judah. This the Lord would perform, not for their righteousness, but his own glory. May our hearts be as good ground, that his word may strike root therein, and bring forth fruit in our lives.
Key Words
מֶלֶךְ: a king
חִזְקִיָּה: Chizkijah, a king of Judah, also the name of two other Israelites
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
קָרַע: to rend, literally or figuratively (revile, paint the eyes, as if enlarging them)
בֶּגֶד: a covering, i.e. clothing; also treachery or pillage
כָּסָה: properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)
שַׂק: properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run through), i.e. coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grain, etc.)
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
שָׁלַח: to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
Cross References
2 Kings 19Direct parallel account of Hezekiah receiving Sennacherib's letter and spreading it before the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Identical prophetic record of the angel of the Lord destroying 185,000 Assyrian soldiers.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct parallel fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy that Sennacherib would fall by the sword in his own land.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Chronicles parallel showing Hezekiah and Isaiah crying out to heaven in prayer together.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Theological foundation for the agricultural sign of eating what grows of itself during sabbatical years.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Identifies Libnah as a neighboring fortress under siege, explaining Sennacherib's movement from Lachish.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the 'rumour' predicted by Isaiah as Tirhakah king of Ethiopia coming out to fight.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes Hezekiah's prayer addressing God as the Shepherd of Israel who dwells between the cherubim.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel account emphasizing the divine intervention of the angel destroying the Assyrian leadership.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Uses the same vivid birth pangs metaphor to describe severe national extremity without strength.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Hezekiah's argument that the destroyed nations' gods were merely wood and stone.
Supported by JFB
Reveals Assyria as merely the rod of God's anger, planned in ancient times.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels God's judgment using the bridle and hook metaphor to turn Assyria back.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic command not to fear the Assyrian's physical siege weapons.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Illustrates God's covenant loyalty to preserve Jerusalem for His servant David's sake.
Supported by Matthew Henry