Isaiah 10WEB
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Isaiah10

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Woe to those who decree unrighteous decrees, and to the writers who write oppressive decrees

2to deprive the needy of justice, and to rob the poor among my people of their rights, that widows may be their plunder, and that they may make the fatherless their prey!

3What will you do in the day of visitation, and in the desolation which will come from afar? To whom will you flee for help? Where will you leave your wealth?

4They will only bow down under the prisoners, and will fall under the slain. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.

5Alas Assyrian, the rod of my anger, the staff in whose hand is my indignation!

6I will send him against a profane nation, and against the people who anger me I will give him a command to take the plunder and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets.

7However, he doesn’t mean so, neither does his heart think so; but it is in his heart to destroy, and to cut off not a few nations.

8For he says, “Aren’t all of my princes kings?

9Isn’t Calno like Carchemish? Isn’t Hamath like Arpad? Isn’t Samaria like Damascus?”

10As my hand has found the kingdoms of the idols, whose engraved images exceeded those of Jerusalem and of Samaria,

11shall I not, as I have done to Samaria and her idols, so do to Jerusalem and her idols?

12Therefore it will happen that when the Lord has performed his whole work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit of the willful proud heart of the king of Assyria, and the insolence of his arrogant looks.

13For he has said, “By the strength of my hand I have done it, and by my wisdom, for I have understanding. I have removed the boundaries of the peoples, and have robbed their treasures. Like a valiant man I have brought down their rulers.

14My hand has found the riches of the peoples like a nest, and like one gathers eggs that are abandoned, I have gathered all the earth. There was no one who moved their wing, or that opened their mouth, or chirped.”

15Should an ax brag against him who chops with it? Should a saw exalt itself above him who saws with it? As if a rod should lift those who lift it up, or as if a staff should lift up someone who is not wood.

16Therefore the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, will send among his fat ones leanness; and under his glory a burning will be kindled like the burning of fire.

17The light of Israel will be for a fire, and his Holy One for a flame; and it will burn and devour his thorns and his briers in one day.

18He will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful field, both soul and body. It will be as when a standard bearer faints.

19The remnant of the trees of his forest shall be few, so that a child could write their number.

20It will come to pass in that day that the remnant of Israel, and those who have escaped from the house of Jacob will no more again lean on him who struck them, but shall lean on Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel, in truth.

21A remnant will return, even the remnant of Jacob, to the mighty God.

22For though your people, Israel, are like the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them will return. A destruction is determined, overflowing with righteousness.

23For the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, will make a full end, and that determined, throughout all the earth.

24Therefore the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, says, “My people who dwell in Zion, don’t be afraid of the Assyrian, though he strike you with the rod, and lift up his staff against you, as Egypt did.

25For yet a very little while, and the indignation against you will be accomplished, and my anger will be directed to his destruction.”

26Yahweh of Armies will stir up a scourge against him, as in the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb. His rod will be over the sea, and he will lift it up like he did against Egypt.

27It will happen in that day that his burden will depart from off your shoulder, and his yoke from off your neck, and the yoke shall be destroyed because of the anointing oil.

28He has come to Aiath. He has passed through Migron. At Michmash he stores his baggage.

29They have gone over the pass. They have taken up their lodging at Geba. Ramah trembles. Gibeah of Saul has fled.

30Cry aloud with your voice, daughter of Gallim! Listen, Laishah! You poor Anathoth!

31Madmenah is a fugitive. The inhabitants of Gebim flee for safety.

32This very day he will halt at Nob. He shakes his hand at the mountain of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem.

33Behold, the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, will lop the boughs with terror. The tall will be cut down, and the lofty will be brought low.

34He will cut down the thickets of the forest with iron, and Lebanon will fall by the Mighty One.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 10.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Woes against proud oppressors. (1-4). The Assyrian but an instrument in the hand of God for the punishment of his people. (5-19). The deliverance from him. (20-34).

vv1-4

These verses are to be joined with the foregoing chapter. Woe to the superior powers that devise and decree unrighteous decrees! And woe to the inferior officers that draw them up, and enter them on record! But what will sinners do? Whither will they flee?

vv5-19

See what a change sin made. The king of Assyria, in his pride, thought to act by his own will. The tyrants of the world are tools of Providence. God designs to correct his people for their hypocrisy, and bring them nearer to him; but is that Sennacherib's design? No; he designs to gratify his own covetousness and ambition. The Assyrian boasts what great things he has done to other nations, by his own policy and power. He knows not that it is God who makes him what he is, and puts the staff into his hand. He had done all this with ease; none moved the wing, or cried as birds do when their nests are rifled. Because he conquered Samaria, he thinks Jerusalem would fall of course. It was lamentable that Jerusalem should have set up graven images, and we cannot wonder that she was excelled in them by the heathen. But is it not equally foolish for Christians to emulate the people of the world in vanities, instead of keeping to things which are their special honour? For a tool to boast, or to strive against him that formed it, would not be more out of the way, than for Sennacherib to vaunt himself against Jehovah. When God brings his people into trouble, it is to bring sin to their remembrance, and humble them, and to awaken them to a sense of their duty; this must be the fruit, even the taking away of sin. When these points are gained by the affliction, it shall be removed in mercy. This attempt upon Zion and Jerusalem should come to nothing. God will be as a fire to consume the workers of iniquity, both soul and body. The desolation should be as when a standard-bearer fainteth, and those who follow are put to confusion. Who is able to stand before this great and holy Lord God?

vv20-34

By our afflictions we may learn not to make creatures our confidence. Those only can with comfort stay upon God, who return to him in truth, not in pretence and profession only. God will justly bring this wasting away on a provoking people, but will graciously set bounds to it. It is against the mind and will of God, that his people, whatever happens, should give way to fear. God's anger against his people is but for a moment; and when that is turned from us, we need not fear the fury of man. The rod with which he corrected his people, shall not only be laid aside, but thrown into the fire. To encourage God's people, the prophet puts them in mind of what God had formerly done against the enemies of his church. God's people shall be delivered from the Assyrians. Some think it looks to the deliverance of the Jews out of their captivity; and further yet, to the redemption of believers from the tyranny of sin and Satan. And this, "because of the anointing;" for his people Israel's sake, the believers among them that had received the unction of Divine grace. And for the sake of the Messiah, the Anointed of God. Here is, 28-34, a prophetical description of Sennacherib's march towards Jerusalem, when he threatened to destroy that city. Then the Lord, in whom Hezekiah trusted, cut down his army like the hewing of a forest. Let us apply what is here written, to like matters in other ages of the church of Christ. Because of the anointing of our great Redeemer, the yoke of every antichrist must be broken from off his church: and if our souls partake of the unction of the Holy Spirit, complete and eternal deliverances will be secured to us.

Cross References

Isaiah 10
v22Romans 9:27-29quotation

Paul explicitly quotes this passage to explain the doctrine of the remnant of Israel saved by grace.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v21Isaiah 9:6allusion

The title "mighty God" (El Gibbor) links the returning remnant to the Messiah named in Isaiah 9:6.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v13Isaiah 37:24thematic

Parallel boasting of Sennacherib ascribing his conquest of nations and forests to his own hand.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Isaiah 45:9thematic

Parallels the absurdity of the tool (axe/saw) boasting against the sovereign Creator who wields it.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v16Isaiah 37:36-38fulfillment

Historical fulfillment where God's angel destroys the Assyrian army, sending leanness and consumption.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v7Genesis 50:20thematic

Classic expression of divine sovereignty overruling human evil: "he meaneth not so, but God meant it."

Supported by JFB

v9Amos 6:2thematic

Lists the same conquered cities (Calneh, Hamath, Gath) as examples of fallen regional powers.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Isaiah 36:19thematic

The historical boast of Rabshakeh asking where the gods of Hamath, Arpad, and Samaria are.

Supported by JFB

v27Luke 4:18typology

The yoke broken "because of the anointing" pointing typologically to Christ the Anointed Deliverer.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Isaiah 1:23thematic

Verbal echo addressing corrupt rulers who oppress widows and fatherless children.

Supported by JFB

v7Micah 4:12thematic

The heathen gather to destroy, but they know not the thoughts of the Lord.

Supported by JFB

v15Isaiah 10:5thematic

Self-reference: the rod and staff imagery matches the description of the Assyrian in verse 5.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v21Isaiah 7:3allusion

The name of Isaiah's son, Shear-jashub, literally means "a remnant shall return."

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v22Daniel 9:27thematic

The decreed consumption (destruction) corresponds to the prophetic desolation outlined in Daniel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v27Acts 4:27fulfillment

The ultimate fulfillment of the breaking of the enemy's yoke through God's holy child Jesus.

Supported by Matthew Henry