Isaiah 10ESV
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Isaiah10

English Standard Version

1 to those who , and the who ,

2to the and to the of my of their , that may be their , and that they may the their !

3 will you on the of , in the that will ? will you for , and will you your ?

4Nothing to the or the . For his has , and his is .

5 , , the of my ; the in their is my !

6Against a I him, and the of my I him, to and , and to tread them like the of the .

7But he does , and his does ; it is in his to , and to a ;

8 he : Are my ?

9Is like ? like ? like ?

10 my has to the of the , whose were greater those of and ,

11shall I to and her I have to and her ?

12 the has his on and on , he will the of the of the of and the in his .

13 he : By the of my I have it, and by my , I have ; I the of , and their ; like a I bring those who on thrones.

14My has like a the of the ; and as one that have been , I have the ; and there was that a or the or .

15Shall the him who with it, the itself him who it? As if a should him who it, or as if a should him who is !

16 the God of will among his warriors, and his a will be , like the of .

17The of will become a , and his a , and it will and his and in .

18The of his and of his the Lord will , , and it will be as when a .

19The of the of his will be so that a can write them .

20In that the of and the of the of will on him who them, but will on the Lord, the of , in .

21A will , the of , to the .

22 your be as the of the , only a of them will . is , with .

23 the God of will a , as , in the of the .

24 the God of : O my , who in , be of the when they with the and their you the did.

25 a very my will come to an , and my will be their .

26And the Lord of will them a , as when he at the of . And his will be the , and he will it he did in .

27And in that his will your , and his your ; and the will be of the .

28He has ; he has passed ; at he his ;

29they have the ; at they lodge for the ; ; of has .

30 , O of ! Give , O ! O !

31 is in ; the of .

32 very he will at ; he will his at the of the of , the of .

33 , the God of will the with power; the in will be hewn , and the will be .

34He will the of the with an , and will by the .

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 10.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Woes against proud oppressors. (1-4). The Assyrian but an instrument in the hand of God for the punishment of his people. (5-19). The deliverance from him. (20-34).

vv1-4

These verses are to be joined with the foregoing chapter. Woe to the superior powers that devise and decree unrighteous decrees! And woe to the inferior officers that draw them up, and enter them on record! But what will sinners do? Whither will they flee?

vv5-19

See what a change sin made. The king of Assyria, in his pride, thought to act by his own will. The tyrants of the world are tools of Providence. God designs to correct his people for their hypocrisy, and bring them nearer to him; but is that Sennacherib's design? No; he designs to gratify his own covetousness and ambition. The Assyrian boasts what great things he has done to other nations, by his own policy and power. He knows not that it is God who makes him what he is, and puts the staff into his hand. He had done all this with ease; none moved the wing, or cried as birds do when their nests are rifled. Because he conquered Samaria, he thinks Jerusalem would fall of course. It was lamentable that Jerusalem should have set up graven images, and we cannot wonder that she was excelled in them by the heathen. But is it not equally foolish for Christians to emulate the people of the world in vanities, instead of keeping to things which are their special honour? For a tool to boast, or to strive against him that formed it, would not be more out of the way, than for Sennacherib to vaunt himself against Jehovah. When God brings his people into trouble, it is to bring sin to their remembrance, and humble them, and to awaken them to a sense of their duty; this must be the fruit, even the taking away of sin. When these points are gained by the affliction, it shall be removed in mercy. This attempt upon Zion and Jerusalem should come to nothing. God will be as a fire to consume the workers of iniquity, both soul and body. The desolation should be as when a standard-bearer fainteth, and those who follow are put to confusion. Who is able to stand before this great and holy Lord God?

vv20-34

By our afflictions we may learn not to make creatures our confidence. Those only can with comfort stay upon God, who return to him in truth, not in pretence and profession only. God will justly bring this wasting away on a provoking people, but will graciously set bounds to it. It is against the mind and will of God, that his people, whatever happens, should give way to fear. God's anger against his people is but for a moment; and when that is turned from us, we need not fear the fury of man. The rod with which he corrected his people, shall not only be laid aside, but thrown into the fire. To encourage God's people, the prophet puts them in mind of what God had formerly done against the enemies of his church. God's people shall be delivered from the Assyrians. Some think it looks to the deliverance of the Jews out of their captivity; and further yet, to the redemption of believers from the tyranny of sin and Satan. And this, "because of the anointing;" for his people Israel's sake, the believers among them that had received the unction of Divine grace. And for the sake of the Messiah, the Anointed of God. Here is, 28-34, a prophetical description of Sennacherib's march towards Jerusalem, when he threatened to destroy that city. Then the Lord, in whom Hezekiah trusted, cut down his army like the hewing of a forest. Let us apply what is here written, to like matters in other ages of the church of Christ. Because of the anointing of our great Redeemer, the yoke of every antichrist must be broken from off his church: and if our souls partake of the unction of the Holy Spirit, complete and eternal deliverances will be secured to us.

Cross References

Isaiah 10
v22Romans 9:27-29quotation

Paul explicitly quotes this passage to explain the doctrine of the remnant of Israel saved by grace.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v21Isaiah 9:6allusion

The title "mighty God" (El Gibbor) links the returning remnant to the Messiah named in Isaiah 9:6.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v13Isaiah 37:24thematic

Parallel boasting of Sennacherib ascribing his conquest of nations and forests to his own hand.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Isaiah 45:9thematic

Parallels the absurdity of the tool (axe/saw) boasting against the sovereign Creator who wields it.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v16Isaiah 37:36-38fulfillment

Historical fulfillment where God's angel destroys the Assyrian army, sending leanness and consumption.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v7Genesis 50:20thematic

Classic expression of divine sovereignty overruling human evil: "he meaneth not so, but God meant it."

Supported by JFB

v9Amos 6:2thematic

Lists the same conquered cities (Calneh, Hamath, Gath) as examples of fallen regional powers.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Isaiah 36:19thematic

The historical boast of Rabshakeh asking where the gods of Hamath, Arpad, and Samaria are.

Supported by JFB

v27Luke 4:18typology

The yoke broken "because of the anointing" pointing typologically to Christ the Anointed Deliverer.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Isaiah 1:23thematic

Verbal echo addressing corrupt rulers who oppress widows and fatherless children.

Supported by JFB

v7Micah 4:12thematic

The heathen gather to destroy, but they know not the thoughts of the Lord.

Supported by JFB

v15Isaiah 10:5thematic

Self-reference: the rod and staff imagery matches the description of the Assyrian in verse 5.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v21Isaiah 7:3allusion

The name of Isaiah's son, Shear-jashub, literally means "a remnant shall return."

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v22Daniel 9:27thematic

The decreed consumption (destruction) corresponds to the prophetic desolation outlined in Daniel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v27Acts 4:27fulfillment

The ultimate fulfillment of the breaking of the enemy's yoke through God's holy child Jesus.

Supported by Matthew Henry