Isaiah45
English Standard Version
1 the Lord to his , to , I have , to him and to the of , to him that may be :
2 will you and the , I will break in the of and the of ,
3I will you the of and the in , you may it is , the Lord, the of , who you by your .
4For the of my , and my , I you by your , I you, though you do me.
5 am the Lord, and there is , me there is ; I you, though you do me,
6 people may , the of the and the , there is me; am the Lord, and there is .
7I and , I and , am the Lord, who these .
8 , O , , and let the ; let the , that and may ; let the earth cause them to ; the Lord have it.
9 to him who with him who , a ! Does the to him who it, are you ? or Your has ?
10 to him who to a , are you ? or to a , With are you in ?
11 the Lord, the of , and the one who : me of things to ; will you me my the of my ?
12 the and it; it that the , and I their .
13 have stirred him in , and I will his ; he shall my and my , for , the Lord of .
14 the Lord: The of and the of , and the , of , shall come you and be yours; they shall you; they shall come in and to you. They will with you, saying: is in you, and there is , no besides him.
15 , you are a who , O of , the .
16 of them are ; the of in .
17But is by the Lord with ; you shall be or all .
18 the Lord, who the (he is !), who the and it (he it; he did it , he it to be !): am the Lord, and there is .
19I did in , in a of ; I did to the of , me in . the Lord the ; I what is .
20Assemble and ; draw , you of the ! They have who their , and keep on to a that .
21 and your case; them ! ? Who it ? Was it , the Lord? And there is me, a and a ; there is me.
22 to me and be , the of the ! am , and there is .
23By myself I have ; my has gone in a that shall : me shall , shall allegiance.
24 in the Lord, it shall be of me, are and ; him shall and be who were against him.
25In the Lord the of shall be and shall .
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 45.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The deliverance of the Jews by Cyrus. (1-4). God calls for obedience to his almighty power. (5-10). The settlement of his people. (11-19). The conversion of the Gentiles. (20-25).
vv1-4
Cyrus is called God's anointed; he was designed and qualified for his great service by the counsel of God. The gates of Babylon which led to the river, were left open the night that Cyrus marched his army into the empty channel. The Lord went before him, giving entrance to the cities he besieged. He gave him also treasures, which had been hidden in secret places. The true God was to Cyrus an unknown God; yet God foreknew him; he called him by his name. The exact fulfilment of this must have shown Cyrus that Jehovah was the only true God, and that it was for the sake of Israel that he was prospered. In all the changes of states and kingdoms, God works out the good of his church.
vv5-10
There is no God beside Jehovah. There is nothing done without him. He makes peace, put here for all good; and creates evil, not the evil of sin, but the evil of punishment. He is the Author of all that is true, holy, good, or happy; and evil, error, and misery, came into the world by his permission, through the wilful apostacy of his creatures, but are restrained and overruled to his righteous purpose. This doctrine is applied, for the comfort of those that earnestly longed, yet quietly waited, for the redemption of Israel. The redemption of sinners by the Son of God, and the pouring out the Spirit, to give success to the gospel, are chiefly here intended. We must not expect salvation without righteousness; together the Lord hath created them. Let not oppressors oppose God's designs for his people. Let not the poor oppressed murmur, as if God dealt unkindly with them. Men are but earthen pots; they are broken potsherds, and are very much made so by mutual contentions. To contend with Him is as senseless as for clay to find fault with the potter. Let us turn God's promises into prayers, beseeching him that salvation may abound among us, and let us rest assured that the Judge of all the earth will do right.
vv11-19
Believers may ask in prayer for what they need; if for their good, it will not be withheld. But how common to hear God called to account for his dealings with man! Cyrus provided for the returning Jews. Those redeemed by Christ shall be provided for. The restoration would convince many, and convert some; and all that truly join the Lord, find his service perfect freedom. Though God be his people's God and Saviour, yet sometimes he lays them under his frowns; but let them wait upon the Lord who hides his face. There is a world without end; and it will be well or ill with us, according as it shall be with us in that world. The Lord we serve and trust, is God alone. All that God has said is plain, satisfactory, and just. As God in his word calls us to seek him, so he never denied believing prayers, nor disappointed believing expectations. He gives grace sufficient, and comfort and satisfaction of soul.
Key Words
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
מָשִׁיחַ: anointed; usually a consecrated person (as a king, priest, or saint); specifically, the Messiah
כּוֹרֶשׁ: Koresh (or Cyrus), the Persian king
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
יָמִין: the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally, the south
חָזַק: to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restrain, conquer
רָדַד: to tread in pieces, i.e. (figuratively) to conquer, or (specifically) to overlay
גּוֹי: a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
Cross References
Isaiah 45Paul quotes v23 to prove that all people will stand before the judgment seat of Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Records the literal historical fulfillment of Cyrus's decree to rebuild the Jerusalem temple.
Supported by JFB
The historical description of Belshazzar's loins being loosed in terror when Babylon fell.
Supported by JFB
Direct verbal parallel regarding breaking gates of brass and cutting bars of iron.
Supported by JFB
Paul uses the same potter-and-clay imagery to rebuke human questioning of God's sovereignty.
Supported by John Calvin
Shows Cyrus's historical recognition that Jehovah charged him to build the temple.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The preceding verse introducing Cyrus by name to perform God's pleasure.
Supported by JFB
Parallel imagery of God leveling mountains and making crooked paths straight.
Supported by JFB
Jeremiah's prophecy that Babylon's treasures would be plundered.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Addresses Babylon as abundant in treasures, which Cyrus would seize.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the concept of God bringing calamity or judgment ('evil') upon a city.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Jacob as God's chosen servant, explaining the purpose behind Cyrus's rise.
Supported by JFB
Self-reference linking the raised-up deliverer in v13 back to Cyrus in v1.
Supported by JFB
Affirms salvation specifically 'by the Lord their God' rather than human military strength.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrasts human ignorance of God with being known and chosen by Him first.
Supported by JFB