Isaiah 45NIV
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Isaiah45

New International Version

1“This is what the Lord says to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I take hold of to subdue nations before him and to strip kings of their armor, to open doors before him so that gates will not be shut:

2I will go before you and will level the mountains; I will break down gates of bronze and cut through bars of iron.

3I will give you hidden treasures, riches stored in secret places, so that you may know that I am the Lord, the God of Israel, who summons you by name.

4For the sake of Jacob my servant, of Israel my chosen, I summon you by name and bestow on you a title of honor, though you do not acknowledge me.

5I am the Lord, and there is no other; apart from me there is no God. I will strengthen you, though you have not acknowledged me,

6so that from the rising of the sun to the place of its setting people may know there is none besides me. I am the Lord, and there is no other.

7I form the light and create darkness, I bring prosperity and create disaster; I, the Lord, do all these things.

8“You heavens above, rain down my righteousness; let the clouds shower it down. Let the earth open wide, let salvation spring up, let righteousness flourish with it; I, the Lord, have created it.

9“Woe to those who quarrel with their Maker, those who are nothing but potsherds among the potsherds on the ground. Does the clay say to the potter, ‘What are you making?’ Does your work say, ‘The potter has no hands’?

10Woe to the one who says to a father, ‘What have you begotten?’ or to a mother, ‘What have you brought to birth?’

11“This is what the Lord says— the Holy One of Israel, and its Maker: Concerning things to come, do you question me about my children, or give me orders about the work of my hands?

12It is I who made the earth and created mankind on it. My own hands stretched out the heavens; I marshaled their starry hosts.

13I will raise up Cyrus in my righteousness: I will make all his ways straight. He will rebuild my city and set my exiles free, but not for a price or reward, says the Lord Almighty.”

14This is what the Lord says: “The products of Egypt and the merchandise of Cush, and those tall Sabeans— they will come over to you and will be yours; they will trudge behind you, coming over to you in chains. They will bow down before you and plead with you, saying, ‘Surely God is with you, and there is no other; there is no other god.’”

15Truly you are a God who has been hiding himself, the God and Savior of Israel.

16All the makers of idols will be put to shame and disgraced; they will go off into disgrace together.

17But Israel will be saved by the Lord with an everlasting salvation; you will never be put to shame or disgraced, to ages everlasting.

18For this is what the Lord says— he who created the heavens, he is God; he who fashioned and made the earth, he founded it; he did not create it to be empty, but formed it to be inhabited— he says: “I am the Lord, and there is no other.

19I have not spoken in secret, from somewhere in a land of darkness; I have not said to Jacob’s descendants, ‘Seek me in vain.’ I, the Lord, speak the truth; I declare what is right.

20“Gather together and come; assemble, you fugitives from the nations. Ignorant are those who carry about idols of wood, who pray to gods that cannot save.

21Declare what is to be, present it— let them take counsel together. Who foretold this long ago, who declared it from the distant past? Was it not I, the Lord? And there is no God apart from me, a righteous God and a Savior; there is none but me.

22“Turn to me and be saved, all you ends of the earth; for I am God, and there is no other.

23By myself I have sworn, my mouth has uttered in all integrity a word that will not be revoked: Before me every knee will bow; by me every tongue will swear.

24They will say of me, ‘In the Lord alone are deliverance and strength.’” All who have raged against him will come to him and be put to shame.

25But all the descendants of Israel will find deliverance in the Lord and will make their boast in him.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 45.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The deliverance of the Jews by Cyrus. (1-4). God calls for obedience to his almighty power. (5-10). The settlement of his people. (11-19). The conversion of the Gentiles. (20-25).

vv1-4

Cyrus is called God's anointed; he was designed and qualified for his great service by the counsel of God. The gates of Babylon which led to the river, were left open the night that Cyrus marched his army into the empty channel. The Lord went before him, giving entrance to the cities he besieged. He gave him also treasures, which had been hidden in secret places. The true God was to Cyrus an unknown God; yet God foreknew him; he called him by his name. The exact fulfilment of this must have shown Cyrus that Jehovah was the only true God, and that it was for the sake of Israel that he was prospered. In all the changes of states and kingdoms, God works out the good of his church.

vv5-10

There is no God beside Jehovah. There is nothing done without him. He makes peace, put here for all good; and creates evil, not the evil of sin, but the evil of punishment. He is the Author of all that is true, holy, good, or happy; and evil, error, and misery, came into the world by his permission, through the wilful apostacy of his creatures, but are restrained and overruled to his righteous purpose. This doctrine is applied, for the comfort of those that earnestly longed, yet quietly waited, for the redemption of Israel. The redemption of sinners by the Son of God, and the pouring out the Spirit, to give success to the gospel, are chiefly here intended. We must not expect salvation without righteousness; together the Lord hath created them. Let not oppressors oppose God's designs for his people. Let not the poor oppressed murmur, as if God dealt unkindly with them. Men are but earthen pots; they are broken potsherds, and are very much made so by mutual contentions. To contend with Him is as senseless as for clay to find fault with the potter. Let us turn God's promises into prayers, beseeching him that salvation may abound among us, and let us rest assured that the Judge of all the earth will do right.

vv11-19

Believers may ask in prayer for what they need; if for their good, it will not be withheld. But how common to hear God called to account for his dealings with man! Cyrus provided for the returning Jews. Those redeemed by Christ shall be provided for. The restoration would convince many, and convert some; and all that truly join the Lord, find his service perfect freedom. Though God be his people's God and Saviour, yet sometimes he lays them under his frowns; but let them wait upon the Lord who hides his face. There is a world without end; and it will be well or ill with us, according as it shall be with us in that world. The Lord we serve and trust, is God alone. All that God has said is plain, satisfactory, and just. As God in his word calls us to seek him, so he never denied believing prayers, nor disappointed believing expectations. He gives grace sufficient, and comfort and satisfaction of soul.

Cross References

Isaiah 45
v23Romans 14:10-12quotation

Paul quotes v23 to prove that all people will stand before the judgment seat of Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Ezra 1:1fulfillment

Records the literal historical fulfillment of Cyrus's decree to rebuild the Jerusalem temple.

Supported by JFB

v1Daniel 5:6fulfillment

The historical description of Belshazzar's loins being loosed in terror when Babylon fell.

Supported by JFB

v2Psalms 107:16allusion

Direct verbal parallel regarding breaking gates of brass and cutting bars of iron.

Supported by JFB

v9Romans 9:20allusion

Paul uses the same potter-and-clay imagery to rebuke human questioning of God's sovereignty.

Supported by John Calvin

v1Ezra 1:2fulfillment

Shows Cyrus's historical recognition that Jehovah charged him to build the temple.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Isaiah 44:28thematic

The preceding verse introducing Cyrus by name to perform God's pleasure.

Supported by JFB

v2Isaiah 40:4thematic

Parallel imagery of God leveling mountains and making crooked paths straight.

Supported by JFB

v3Jeremiah 50:37thematic

Jeremiah's prophecy that Babylon's treasures would be plundered.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Jeremiah 51:13thematic

Addresses Babylon as abundant in treasures, which Cyrus would seize.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Amos 3:6thematic

Parallels the concept of God bringing calamity or judgment ('evil') upon a city.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Isaiah 41:8thematic

Identifies Jacob as God's chosen servant, explaining the purpose behind Cyrus's rise.

Supported by JFB

v13Isaiah 45:1thematic

Self-reference linking the raised-up deliverer in v13 back to Cyrus in v1.

Supported by JFB

v17Hosea 1:7thematic

Affirms salvation specifically 'by the Lord their God' rather than human military strength.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Galatians 4:9thematic

Contrasts human ignorance of God with being known and chosen by Him first.

Supported by JFB