Isaiah 40NIV
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Isaiah40

New International Version

1Comfort, comfort my people, says your God.

2Speak tenderly to Jerusalem, and proclaim to her that her hard service has been completed, that her sin has been paid for, that she has received from the Lord’s hand double for all her sins.

3A voice of one calling: “In the wilderness prepare the way for the Lord; make straight in the desert a highway for our God.

4Every valley shall be raised up, every mountain and hill made low; the rough ground shall become level, the rugged places a plain.

5And the glory of the Lord will be revealed, and all people will see it together. For the mouth of the Lord has spoken.”

6A voice says, “Cry out.” And I said, “What shall I cry?” “All people are like grass, and all their faithfulness is like the flowers of the field.

7The grass withers and the flowers fall, because the breath of the Lord blows on them. Surely the people are grass.

8The grass withers and the flowers fall, but the word of our God endures forever.”

9You who bring good news to Zion, go up on a high mountain. You who bring good news to Jerusalem, lift up your voice with a shout, lift it up, do not be afraid; say to the towns of Judah, “Here is your God!”

10See, the Sovereign Lord comes with power, and he rules with a mighty arm. See, his reward is with him, and his recompense accompanies him.

11He tends his flock like a shepherd: He gathers the lambs in his arms and carries them close to his heart; he gently leads those that have young.

12Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, or with the breadth of his hand marked off the heavens? Who has held the dust of the earth in a basket, or weighed the mountains on the scales and the hills in a balance?

13Who can fathom the Spirit of the Lord, or instruct the Lord as his counselor?

14Whom did the Lord consult to enlighten him, and who taught him the right way? Who was it that taught him knowledge, or showed him the path of understanding?

15Surely the nations are like a drop in a bucket; they are regarded as dust on the scales; he weighs the islands as though they were fine dust.

16Lebanon is not sufficient for altar fires, nor its animals enough for burnt offerings.

17Before him all the nations are as nothing; they are regarded by him as worthless and less than nothing.

18With whom, then, will you compare God? To what image will you liken him?

19As for an idol, a metalworker casts it, and a goldsmith overlays it with gold and fashions silver chains for it.

20A person too poor to present such an offering selects wood that will not rot; they look for a skilled worker to set up an idol that will not topple.

21Do you not know? Have you not heard? Has it not been told you from the beginning? Have you not understood since the earth was founded?

22He sits enthroned above the circle of the earth, and its people are like grasshoppers. He stretches out the heavens like a canopy, and spreads them out like a tent to live in.

23He brings princes to naught and reduces the rulers of this world to nothing.

24No sooner are they planted, no sooner are they sown, no sooner do they take root in the ground, than he blows on them and they wither, and a whirlwind sweeps them away like chaff.

25“To whom will you compare me? Or who is my equal?” says the Holy One.

26Lift up your eyes and look to the heavens: Who created all these? He who brings out the starry host one by one and calls forth each of them by name. Because of his great power and mighty strength, not one of them is missing.

27Why do you complain, Jacob? Why do you say, Israel, “My way is hidden from the Lord; my cause is disregarded by my God”?

28Do you not know? Have you not heard? The Lord is the everlasting God, the Creator of the ends of the earth. He will not grow tired or weary, and his understanding no one can fathom.

29He gives strength to the weary and increases the power of the weak.

30Even youths grow tired and weary, and young men stumble and fall;

31but those who hope in the Lord will renew their strength. They will soar on wings like eagles; they will run and not grow weary, they will walk and not be faint.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 40.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The preaching of the gospel, and glad tidings of the coming of Christ. (1-11). The almighty power of God. (12-17). The folly of idolatry. (18-26). Against unbelief. (27-31).

vv1-11

All human life is a warfare; the Christian life is the most so; but the struggle will not last always. Troubles are removed in love, when sin is pardoned. In the great atonement of the death of Christ, the mercy of God is exercised to the glory of his justice. In Christ, and his sufferings, true penitents receive of the Lord's hand double for all their sins; for the satisfaction Christ made by his death was of infinite value. The prophet had some reference to the return of the Jews from Babylon. But this is a small event, compared with that pointed out by the Holy Ghost in the New Testament, when John the Baptist proclaimed the approach of Christ. When eastern princes marched through desert countries, ways were prepared for them, and hinderances removed. And may the Lord prepare our hearts by the teaching of his word and the convictions of his Spirit, that high and proud thoughts may be brought down, good desires planted, crooked and rugged tempers made straight and softened, and every hinderance removed, that we may be ready for his will on earth, and prepared for his heavenly kingdom. What are all that belongs to fallen man, or all that he does, but as the grass and the flower thereof! And what will all the titles and possessions of a dying sinner avail, when they leave him under condemnation! The word of the Lord can do that for us, which all flesh cannot. The glad tidings of the coming of Christ were to be sent forth to the ends of the earth. Satan is the strong man armed; but our Lord Jesus is stronger; and he shall proceed, and do all that he purposes. Christ is the good Shepherd; he shows tender care for young converts, weak believers, and those of a sorrowful spirit. By his word he requires no more service, and by his providence he inflicts no more trouble, than he will strengthen them for. May we know our Shepherd's voice, and follow him, proving ourselves his sheep.

vv12-17

All created beings shrink to nothing in comparison with the Creator. When the Lord, by his Spirit, made the world, none directed his Spirit, or gave advice what to do, or how to do it. The nations, in comparison of him, are as a drop which remains in the bucket, compared with the vast ocean; or as the small dust in the balance, which does not turn it, compared with all the earth. This magnifies God's love to the world, that, though it is of such small account and value with him, yet, for the redemption of it, he gave his only-begotten Son, John 3:16. The services of the church can make no addition to him. Our souls must have perished for ever, if the only Son of the Father had not given himself for us.

vv18-26

Whatever we esteem or love, fear or hope in, more than God, that creature we make equal with God, though we do not make images or worship them. He that is so poor, that he has scarcely a sacrifice to offer, yet will not be without a god of his own. They spared no cost upon their idols; we grudge what is spent in the service of our God. To prove the greatness of God, the prophet appeals to all ages and nations. Those who are ignorant of this, are willingly ignorant. God has the command of all creatures, and of all created things. The prophet directs us to use our reason as well as our senses; to consider who created the hosts of heaven, and to pay our homage to Him. Not one fails to fulfil his will. And let us not forget, that He spake all the promises, and engaged to perform them.

Key Words

ComfortH5162Hebrew

נָחַם: properly, to sigh, i.e. breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e. (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavorably) to avenge (oneself)

peopleH5971Hebrew

עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

saysH559Hebrew

אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)

GodH430Hebrew

אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

SpeakH1696Hebrew

דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

tenderlyH3820Hebrew

לֵב: the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything

JerusalemH3389Hebrew

יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine

cryH7121Hebrew

קָרָא: to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

thatH3588Hebrew

כִּי: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

warfareH6635Hebrew

צָבָא: a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized forwar (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship)

Cross References

Isaiah 40
v3Matthew 3:1-3fulfillment

Direct fulfillment of the voice crying in the wilderness to prepare the way of the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Luke 3:2-6fulfillment

Luke quotes the full prophecy of valleys filled and mountains made low in Christ.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v81 Peter 1:4quotation

Peter quotes this passage to contrast human frailty with the enduring word of God.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v11John 10:11-16typology

Jesus identifies as the Good Shepherd who feeds, gathers, and protects his flock.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v13Romans 11:34quotation

Paul quotes these rhetorical questions regarding who has directed or counseled the Spirit.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v3Malachi 3:1thematic

Prophetic parallel of a messenger sent to prepare the way before the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v3Mark 1:2-5fulfillment

Mark opens his Gospel by citing this wilderness cry fulfilled in John.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Isaiah 52:7thematic

Parallel proclamation of good tidings to Zion and the direct declaration, 'Behold your God!'

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v10Revelation 22:12thematic

Echoes 'his reward is with him' to describe Christ's triumphant return.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v11Ezekiel 34:23thematic

Prophecy of the one Shepherd who will feed God's covenant flock.

Supported by JFB

v15Daniel 4:35thematic

Nebuchadnezzar confesses that all inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing before God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v18Isaiah 46:5thematic

Repeats the core polemical question against idolatry: 'To whom will ye liken me?'

Supported by Matthew Henry

v19Jeremiah 10:3-5thematic

Parallels the sarcastic description of men crafting helpless, immobile wooden idols.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v26Romans 1:20thematic

Creation visible to human eyes leaves men without excuse for ignoring God's power.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Jeremiah 31:33thematic

The underlying covenant relation ('my people... your God') as the basis of comfort.

Supported by JFB

v2Galatians 4:4thematic

The fullness of time when the legal era of bondage was accomplished.

Supported by JFB

v7Psalms 103:16thematic

The wind passing over human flesh, causing it to wither like grass.

Supported by John Calvin

v12Job 38:4-11thematic

Rhetorical challenge regarding who laid the earth's foundations and measured the waters.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v20Isaiah 44:13-19thematic

Detailed satire on choosing a tree and making an idol from the same wood.

Supported by Matthew Henry

New Testament parallel where God's power is made perfect in human weakness.

Supported by Matthew Henry