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Job 38

Job38

New International Version

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1 Then the Lord spoke to Job out of the storm. He said:

2 “Who is this that obscures my plans with words without knowledge?

3 Brace yourself like a man; I will question you, and you shall answer me.

4 “Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundation? Tell me, if you understand.

5 Who marked off its dimensions? Surely you know! Who stretched a measuring line across it?

6 On what were its footings set, or who laid its cornerstone—

7 while the morning stars sang together and all the angels shouted for joy?

8 “Who shut up the sea behind doors when it burst forth from the womb,

9 when I made the clouds its garment and wrapped it in thick darkness,

10 when I fixed limits for it and set its doors and bars in place,

11 when I said, ‘This far you may come and no farther; here is where your proud waves halt’?

12 “Have you ever given orders to the morning, or shown the dawn its place,

13 that it might take the earth by the edges and shake the wicked out of it?

14 The earth takes shape like clay under a seal; its features stand out like those of a garment.

15 The wicked are denied their light, and their upraised arm is broken.

16 “Have you journeyed to the springs of the sea or walked in the recesses of the deep?

17 Have the gates of death been shown to you? Have you seen the gates of the deepest darkness?

18 Have you comprehended the vast expanses of the earth? Tell me, if you know all this.

19 “What is the way to the abode of light? And where does darkness reside?

20 Can you take them to their places? Do you know the paths to their dwellings?

21 Surely you know, for you were already born! You have lived so many years!

22 “Have you entered the storehouses of the snow or seen the storehouses of the hail,

23 which I reserve for times of trouble, for days of war and battle?

24 What is the way to the place where the lightning is dispersed, or the place where the east winds are scattered over the earth?

25 Who cuts a channel for the torrents of rain, and a path for the thunderstorm,

26 to water a land where no one lives, an uninhabited desert,

27 to satisfy a desolate wasteland and make it sprout with grass?

28 Does the rain have a father? Who fathers the drops of dew?

29 From whose womb comes the ice? Who gives birth to the frost from the heavens

30 when the waters become hard as stone, when the surface of the deep is frozen?

31 “Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades? Can you loosen Orion’s belt?

32 Can you bring forth the constellations in their seasons or lead out the Bear with its cubs?

33 Do you know the laws of the heavens? Can you set up God’s dominion over the earth?

34 “Can you raise your voice to the clouds and cover yourself with a flood of water?

35 Do you send the lightning bolts on their way? Do they report to you, ‘Here we are’?

36 Who gives the ibis wisdom or gives the rooster understanding?

37 Who has the wisdom to count the clouds? Who can tip over the water jars of the heavens

38 when the dust becomes hard and the clods of earth stick together?

39 “Do you hunt the prey for the lioness and satisfy the hunger of the lions

40 when they crouch in their dens or lie in wait in a thicket?

41 Who provides food for the raven when its young cry out to God and wander about for lack of food?

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Job 38

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 38. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: God calls upon Job to answer. (1–3). God questions Job. (4–11). Concerning the light and darkness. (12–24). Concerning other mighty works. (25–41).

vv1-3

Job had silenced, but had not convinced his friends. Elihu had silenced Job, but had not brought him to admit his guilt before God. It pleased the Lord to interpose. The Lord, in this discourse, humbles Job, and brings him to repent of his passionate expressions concerning God's providential dealings with him; and this he does, by calling upon Job to compare God's being from everlasting to everlasting, with his own time; God's knowledge of all things, with his own ignorance; and God's almighty power, with his own weakness. Our darkening the counsels of God's wisdom with our folly, is a great provocation to God. Humble faith and sincere obedience see farthest and best into the will of the Lord.

vv4-11

For the humbling of Job, God here shows him his ignorance, even concerning the earth and the sea. As we cannot find fault with God's work, so we need not fear concerning it. The works of his providence, as well as the work of creation, never can be broken; and the work of redemption is no less firm, of which Christ himself is both the Foundation and the Corner-stone. The church stands as firm as the earth.

vv12-24

The Lord questions Job, to convince him of his ignorance, and shame him for his folly in prescribing to God. If we thus try ourselves, we shall soon be brought to own that what we know is nothing in comparison with what we know not. By the tender mercy of our God, the Day-spring from on high has visited us, to give light to those that sit in darkness, whose hearts are turned to it as clay to the seal, 2Co 4:6. God's way in the government of the world is said to be in the sea; this means, that it is hid from us. Let us make sure that the gates of heaven shall be opened to us on the other side of death, and then we need not fear the opening of the gates of death. It is presumptuous for us, who perceive not the breadth of the earth, to dive into the depth of God's counsels. We should neither in the brightest noon count upon perpetual day, nor in the darkest midnight despair of the return of the morning; and this applies to our inward as well as to our outward condition. What folly it is to strive against God! How much is it our interest to seek peace with him, and to keep in his love!

Cross References

Job 38
v2Job 42:3thematic

Job directly quotes this verse back to God, confessing his words lacked knowledge.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Job 40:7thematic

Exact verbal parallel where God repeats the demand to gird up loins and answer Him.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v31 Peter 1:13thematic

New Testament command to 'gird up the loins of your mind' based on this imagery.

Supported by JFB

v10Proverbs 8:29thematic

Describes God setting a decree and boundary for the sea that it should not pass.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v11Psalms 104:9thematic

Thematic parallel of God setting a bound that the waters may not pass over.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v31Job 9:9thematic

Job earlier mentioned these same constellations (Arcturus, Orion, Pleiades) which God now challenges him about.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Zechariah 4:7thematic

Shouting for joy at the bringing forth of the headstone/cornerstone of the temple.

Supported by JFB

v7Ezra 3:11thematic

Verbal and thematic link of the people shouting for joy at founding the temple.

Supported by JFB

v10Job 26:10thematic

Parallels God's compassing of the waters with bounds until day and night end.

Supported by JFB

v11Jeremiah 5:22thematic

God places sand for the bound of the sea by a perpetual decree.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v36Job 32:8thematic

Elihu's previous assertion that the inspiration of the Almighty gives understanding to the heart.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v1Exodus 19:16-19allusion

God manifesting His presence through tempestuous weather and thunder at Mount Sinai.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Job 15:7thematic

Eliphaz's ironic query whether Job was the first man born before the hills.

Supported by JFB

v13Job 24:13-17thematic

Details how the wicked rebel against the light and use darkness as their cover.

Supported by JFB

v41Luke 12:24thematic

Jesus references God feeding the ravens to teach trust in His providence.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v41Matthew 6:26thematic

Parallel instruction on divine providence caring for the birds of the air.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v41Psalms 147:9thematic

Verbal echo: God giving food to the beast and to the young ravens which cry.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v6Job 26:7thematic

Describes God stretching out the north over empty space and hanging earth on nothing.

Supported by JFB

v6Isaiah 28:16typology

Prophetic description of God laying a precious cornerstone in Zion, matching creation imagery.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v8Psalms 33:7thematic

God gathering the waters of the sea together as a heap in storehouses.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Genesis 1:2thematic

Darkness covering the deep before light is created, matching the swaddling band image.

Supported by JFB

v14Psalms 104:2thematic

God covering Himself with light as with a garment, illuminating creation.

Supported by JFB

v29Job 37:10thematic

Elihu's previous observation of frost given by the breath of God.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v33Jeremiah 31:35thematic

Identifies the ordinances of the sun, moon, and stars established by God.

Supported by Matthew Poole