Job38
New International Version
1Then the Lord spoke to Job out of the storm. He said:
2“Who is this that obscures my plans with words without knowledge?
3Brace yourself like a man; I will question you, and you shall answer me.
4“Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundation? Tell me, if you understand.
5Who marked off its dimensions? Surely you know! Who stretched a measuring line across it?
6On what were its footings set, or who laid its cornerstone—
7while the morning stars sang together and all the angels shouted for joy?
8“Who shut up the sea behind doors when it burst forth from the womb,
9when I made the clouds its garment and wrapped it in thick darkness,
10when I fixed limits for it and set its doors and bars in place,
11when I said, ‘This far you may come and no farther; here is where your proud waves halt’?
12“Have you ever given orders to the morning, or shown the dawn its place,
13that it might take the earth by the edges and shake the wicked out of it?
14The earth takes shape like clay under a seal; its features stand out like those of a garment.
15The wicked are denied their light, and their upraised arm is broken.
16“Have you journeyed to the springs of the sea or walked in the recesses of the deep?
17Have the gates of death been shown to you? Have you seen the gates of the deepest darkness?
18Have you comprehended the vast expanses of the earth? Tell me, if you know all this.
19“What is the way to the abode of light? And where does darkness reside?
20Can you take them to their places? Do you know the paths to their dwellings?
21Surely you know, for you were already born! You have lived so many years!
22“Have you entered the storehouses of the snow or seen the storehouses of the hail,
23which I reserve for times of trouble, for days of war and battle?
24What is the way to the place where the lightning is dispersed, or the place where the east winds are scattered over the earth?
25Who cuts a channel for the torrents of rain, and a path for the thunderstorm,
26to water a land where no one lives, an uninhabited desert,
27to satisfy a desolate wasteland and make it sprout with grass?
28Does the rain have a father? Who fathers the drops of dew?
29From whose womb comes the ice? Who gives birth to the frost from the heavens
30when the waters become hard as stone, when the surface of the deep is frozen?
31“Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades? Can you loosen Orion’s belt?
32Can you bring forth the constellations in their seasons or lead out the Bear with its cubs?
33Do you know the laws of the heavens? Can you set up God’s dominion over the earth?
34“Can you raise your voice to the clouds and cover yourself with a flood of water?
35Do you send the lightning bolts on their way? Do they report to you, ‘Here we are’?
36Who gives the ibis wisdom or gives the rooster understanding?
37Who has the wisdom to count the clouds? Who can tip over the water jars of the heavens
38when the dust becomes hard and the clods of earth stick together?
39“Do you hunt the prey for the lioness and satisfy the hunger of the lions
40when they crouch in their dens or lie in wait in a thicket?
41Who provides food for the raven when its young cry out to God and wander about for lack of food?
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 38.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God calls upon Job to answer. (1–3). God questions Job. (4–11). Concerning the light and darkness. (12–24). Concerning other mighty works. (25–41).
vv1-3
Job had silenced, but had not convinced his friends. Elihu had silenced Job, but had not brought him to admit his guilt before God. It pleased the Lord to interpose. The Lord, in this discourse, humbles Job, and brings him to repent of his passionate expressions concerning God's providential dealings with him; and this he does, by calling upon Job to compare God's being from everlasting to everlasting, with his own time; God's knowledge of all things, with his own ignorance; and God's almighty power, with his own weakness. Our darkening the counsels of God's wisdom with our folly, is a great provocation to God. Humble faith and sincere obedience see farthest and best into the will of the Lord.
vv4-11
For the humbling of Job, God here shows him his ignorance, even concerning the earth and the sea. As we cannot find fault with God's work, so we need not fear concerning it. The works of his providence, as well as the work of creation, never can be broken; and the work of redemption is no less firm, of which Christ himself is both the Foundation and the Corner-stone. The church stands as firm as the earth.
vv12-24
The Lord questions Job, to convince him of his ignorance, and shame him for his folly in prescribing to God. If we thus try ourselves, we shall soon be brought to own that what we know is nothing in comparison with what we know not. By the tender mercy of our God, the Day-spring from on high has visited us, to give light to those that sit in darkness, whose hearts are turned to it as clay to the seal, 2Co 4:6. God's way in the government of the world is said to be in the sea; this means, that it is hid from us. Let us make sure that the gates of heaven shall be opened to us on the other side of death, and then we need not fear the opening of the gates of death. It is presumptuous for us, who perceive not the breadth of the earth, to dive into the depth of God's counsels. We should neither in the brightest noon count upon perpetual day, nor in the darkest midnight despair of the return of the morning; and this applies to our inward as well as to our outward condition. What folly it is to strive against God! How much is it our interest to seek peace with him, and to keep in his love!
Key Words
עָנָה: properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce
אִיּוֹב: Ijob, the patriarch famous for his patience
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
סַעַר: a hurricane
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
מִי: who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
זֶה: the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
חָשַׁךְ: to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken
עֵצָה: advice; by implication, plan; also prudence
מִלָּה: a word; collectively, a discourse; figuratively, a topic
Cross References
Job 38Job directly quotes this verse back to God, confessing his words lacked knowledge.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Exact verbal parallel where God repeats the demand to gird up loins and answer Him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
New Testament command to 'gird up the loins of your mind' based on this imagery.
Supported by JFB
Describes God setting a decree and boundary for the sea that it should not pass.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Thematic parallel of God setting a bound that the waters may not pass over.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job earlier mentioned these same constellations (Arcturus, Orion, Pleiades) which God now challenges him about.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Shouting for joy at the bringing forth of the headstone/cornerstone of the temple.
Supported by JFB
Verbal and thematic link of the people shouting for joy at founding the temple.
Supported by JFB
Parallels God's compassing of the waters with bounds until day and night end.
Supported by JFB
God places sand for the bound of the sea by a perpetual decree.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Elihu's previous assertion that the inspiration of the Almighty gives understanding to the heart.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God manifesting His presence through tempestuous weather and thunder at Mount Sinai.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Eliphaz's ironic query whether Job was the first man born before the hills.
Supported by JFB
Details how the wicked rebel against the light and use darkness as their cover.
Supported by JFB
Jesus references God feeding the ravens to teach trust in His providence.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel instruction on divine providence caring for the birds of the air.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Verbal echo: God giving food to the beast and to the young ravens which cry.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Describes God stretching out the north over empty space and hanging earth on nothing.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic description of God laying a precious cornerstone in Zion, matching creation imagery.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God gathering the waters of the sea together as a heap in storehouses.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Darkness covering the deep before light is created, matching the swaddling band image.
Supported by JFB
God covering Himself with light as with a garment, illuminating creation.
Supported by JFB
Elihu's previous observation of frost given by the breath of God.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies the ordinances of the sun, moon, and stars established by God.
Supported by Matthew Poole