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Job38

American Standard Version · Public Domain

1Then Jehovah answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,

2Who is this that darkeneth counsel By words without knowledge?

3Gird up now thy loins like a man; For I will demand of thee, and declare thou unto me.

4Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? Declare, if thou hast understanding.

5Who determined the measures thereof, if thou knowest? Or who stretched the line upon it?

6Whereupon were the foundations thereof fastened? Or who laid the corner-stone thereof,

7When the morning stars sang together, And all the sons of God shouted for joy?

8Or who shut up the sea with doors, When it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb;

9When I made clouds the garment thereof, And thick darkness a swaddling-band for it,

10And marked out for it my bound, And set bars and doors,

11And said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further; And here shall thy proud waves be stayed?

12Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days began, And caused the dayspring to know its place;

13That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, And the wicked be shaken out of it?

14It is changed as clay under the seal; And all things stand forth as a garment:

15And from the wicked their light is withholden, And the high arm is broken.

16Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea? Or hast thou walked in the recesses of the deep?

17Have the gates of death been revealed unto thee? Or hast thou seen the gates of the shadow of death?

18Hast thou comprehended the earth in its breadth? Declare, if thou knowest it all.

19Where is the way to the dwelling of light? And as for darkness, where is the place thereof,

20That thou shouldest take it to the bound thereof, And that thou shouldest discern the paths to the house thereof?

21Doubtless, thou knowest, for thou wast then born, And the number of thy days is great!

22Hast thou entered the treasuries of the snow, Or hast thou seen the treasures of the hail,

23Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, Against the day of battle and war?

24By what way is the light parted, Or the east wind scattered upon the earth?

25Who hath cleft a channel for the waterflood, Or the way for the lightning of the thunder;

26To cause it to rain on a land where no man is; On the wilderness, wherein there is no man;

27To satisfy the waste and desolate ground, And to cause the tender grass to spring forth?

28Hath the rain a father? Or who hath begotten the drops of dew?

29Out of whose womb came the ice? And the hoary frost of heaven, who hath gendered it?

30The waters hide themselves and become like stone, And the face of the deep is frozen.

31Canst thou bind the cluster of the Pleiades, Or loose the bands of Orion?

32Canst thou lead forth the Mazzaroth in their season? Or canst thou guide the Bear with her train?

33Knowest thou the ordinances of the heavens? Canst thou establish the dominion thereof in the earth?

34Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds, That abundance of waters may cover thee?

35Canst thou send forth lightnings, that they may go, And say unto thee, Here we are?

36Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? Or who hath given understanding to the mind?

37Who can number the clouds by wisdom? Or who can pour out the bottles of heaven,

38When the dust runneth into a mass, And the clods cleave fast together?

39Canst thou hunt the prey for the lioness, Or satisfy the appetite of the young lions,

40When they couch in their dens, And abide in the covert to lie in wait?

41Who provideth for the raven his prey, When his young ones cry unto God, And wander for lack of food?

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 38.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: God calls upon Job to answer. (1–3). God questions Job. (4–11). Concerning the light and darkness. (12–24). Concerning other mighty works. (25–41).

vv1-3

Job had silenced, but had not convinced his friends. Elihu had silenced Job, but had not brought him to admit his guilt before God. It pleased the Lord to interpose. The Lord, in this discourse, humbles Job, and brings him to repent of his passionate expressions concerning God's providential dealings with him; and this he does, by calling upon Job to compare God's being from everlasting to everlasting, with his own time; God's knowledge of all things, with his own ignorance; and God's almighty power, with his own weakness. Our darkening the counsels of God's wisdom with our folly, is a great provocation to God. Humble faith and sincere obedience see farthest and best into the will of the Lord.

vv4-11

For the humbling of Job, God here shows him his ignorance, even concerning the earth and the sea. As we cannot find fault with God's work, so we need not fear concerning it. The works of his providence, as well as the work of creation, never can be broken; and the work of redemption is no less firm, of which Christ himself is both the Foundation and the Corner-stone. The church stands as firm as the earth.

vv12-24

The Lord questions Job, to convince him of his ignorance, and shame him for his folly in prescribing to God. If we thus try ourselves, we shall soon be brought to own that what we know is nothing in comparison with what we know not. By the tender mercy of our God, the Day-spring from on high has visited us, to give light to those that sit in darkness, whose hearts are turned to it as clay to the seal, 2Co 4:6. God's way in the government of the world is said to be in the sea; this means, that it is hid from us. Let us make sure that the gates of heaven shall be opened to us on the other side of death, and then we need not fear the opening of the gates of death. It is presumptuous for us, who perceive not the breadth of the earth, to dive into the depth of God's counsels. We should neither in the brightest noon count upon perpetual day, nor in the darkest midnight despair of the return of the morning; and this applies to our inward as well as to our outward condition. What folly it is to strive against God! How much is it our interest to seek peace with him, and to keep in his love!

Cross References

Job 38
v2Job 42:3thematic

Job directly quotes this verse back to God, confessing his words lacked knowledge.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Job 40:7thematic

Exact verbal parallel where God repeats the demand to gird up loins and answer Him.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v31 Peter 1:13thematic

New Testament command to 'gird up the loins of your mind' based on this imagery.

Supported by JFB

v10Proverbs 8:29thematic

Describes God setting a decree and boundary for the sea that it should not pass.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v11Psalms 104:9thematic

Thematic parallel of God setting a bound that the waters may not pass over.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v31Job 9:9thematic

Job earlier mentioned these same constellations (Arcturus, Orion, Pleiades) which God now challenges him about.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Zechariah 4:7thematic

Shouting for joy at the bringing forth of the headstone/cornerstone of the temple.

Supported by JFB

v7Ezra 3:11thematic

Verbal and thematic link of the people shouting for joy at founding the temple.

Supported by JFB

v10Job 26:10thematic

Parallels God's compassing of the waters with bounds until day and night end.

Supported by JFB

v11Jeremiah 5:22thematic

God places sand for the bound of the sea by a perpetual decree.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v36Job 32:8thematic

Elihu's previous assertion that the inspiration of the Almighty gives understanding to the heart.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v1Exodus 19:16-19allusion

God manifesting His presence through tempestuous weather and thunder at Mount Sinai.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Job 15:7thematic

Eliphaz's ironic query whether Job was the first man born before the hills.

Supported by JFB

v13Job 24:13-17thematic

Details how the wicked rebel against the light and use darkness as their cover.

Supported by JFB

v41Luke 12:24thematic

Jesus references God feeding the ravens to teach trust in His providence.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v41Matthew 6:26thematic

Parallel instruction on divine providence caring for the birds of the air.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v41Psalms 147:9thematic

Verbal echo: God giving food to the beast and to the young ravens which cry.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v6Job 26:7thematic

Describes God stretching out the north over empty space and hanging earth on nothing.

Supported by JFB

v6Isaiah 28:16typology

Prophetic description of God laying a precious cornerstone in Zion, matching creation imagery.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v8Psalms 33:7thematic

God gathering the waters of the sea together as a heap in storehouses.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Genesis 1:2thematic

Darkness covering the deep before light is created, matching the swaddling band image.

Supported by JFB

v14Psalms 104:2thematic

God covering Himself with light as with a garment, illuminating creation.

Supported by JFB

v29Job 37:10thematic

Elihu's previous observation of frost given by the breath of God.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v33Jeremiah 31:35thematic

Identifies the ordinances of the sun, moon, and stars established by God.

Supported by Matthew Poole