Job38
New American Standard
1Then the Lord answered Job from the whirlwind and said,
2“Who is this who darkens the divine plan By words without knowledge?
3Now tighten the belt on your waist like a man, And I shall ask you, and you inform Me!
4Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth? Tell Me, if you have understanding,
5Who set its measurements? Since you know. Or who stretched the measuring line over it?
6On what were its bases sunk? Or who laid its cornerstone,
7When the morning stars sang together And all the sons of God shouted for joy?
8“Or who enclosed the sea with doors When it went out from the womb, bursting forth;
9When I made a cloud its garment, And thick darkness its swaddling bands,
10And I placed boundaries on it And set a bolt and doors,
11And I said, ‘As far as this point you shall come, but no farther; And here your proud waves shall stop’?
12“Have you ever in your life commanded the morning, And made the dawn know its place,
13So that it would take hold of the ends of the earth, And the wicked would be shaken off from it?
14It is changed like clay under the seal; And they stand out like a garment.
15Their light is withheld from the wicked, And the uplifted arm is broken.
16“Have you entered the springs of the sea, And walked in the depth of the ocean?
17Have the gates of death been revealed to you, And have you seen the gates of deep darkness?
18Have you understood the expanse of the earth? Tell Me, if you know all this.
19“Where is the way to the dwelling of light? And darkness, where is its place,
20That you would take it to its territory, And discern the paths to its home?
21You know, for you were born then, And the number of your days is great!
22Have you entered the storehouses of the snow, And have you seen the storehouses of the hail,
23Which I have reserved for a time of distress, For a day of war and battle?
24Where is the way that the light is divided, And the east wind scattered on the earth?
25“Who has split open a channel for the flood, And a way for the thunderbolt,
26To bring rain on a land without people, On a desert without a person in it,
27To satisfy the waste and desolate land, And to make the seeds of grass to sprout?
28Does the rain have a father? Or who has fathered the drops of dew?
29From whose womb has come the ice? And the frost of heaven, who has given it birth?
30Water becomes hard like stone, And the surface of the deep is imprisoned.
31“Can you tie up the chains of the Pleiades, Or untie the cords of Orion?
32Can you bring out a constellation in its season, And guide the Bear with her satellites?
33Do you know the ordinances of the heavens, Or do you establish their rule over the earth?
34“Can you raise your voice to the clouds, So that an abundance of water will cover you?
35Can you send flashes of lightning, so that they may go And say to you, ‘Here we are’?
36Who has put wisdom in the innermost being, Or given understanding to the mind?
37Who can count the clouds by wisdom, And pour out the water jars of the heavens,
38When the dust hardens into a mass And the clods stick together?
39“Can you hunt the prey for the lioness, Or satisfy the appetite of young lions,
40When they crouch in their hiding places, And lie in wait in their lair?
41Who prepares feed for the raven When its young cry to God, And wander about without food?
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 38.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God calls upon Job to answer. (1–3). God questions Job. (4–11). Concerning the light and darkness. (12–24). Concerning other mighty works. (25–41).
vv1-3
Job had silenced, but had not convinced his friends. Elihu had silenced Job, but had not brought him to admit his guilt before God. It pleased the Lord to interpose. The Lord, in this discourse, humbles Job, and brings him to repent of his passionate expressions concerning God's providential dealings with him; and this he does, by calling upon Job to compare God's being from everlasting to everlasting, with his own time; God's knowledge of all things, with his own ignorance; and God's almighty power, with his own weakness. Our darkening the counsels of God's wisdom with our folly, is a great provocation to God. Humble faith and sincere obedience see farthest and best into the will of the Lord.
vv4-11
For the humbling of Job, God here shows him his ignorance, even concerning the earth and the sea. As we cannot find fault with God's work, so we need not fear concerning it. The works of his providence, as well as the work of creation, never can be broken; and the work of redemption is no less firm, of which Christ himself is both the Foundation and the Corner-stone. The church stands as firm as the earth.
vv12-24
The Lord questions Job, to convince him of his ignorance, and shame him for his folly in prescribing to God. If we thus try ourselves, we shall soon be brought to own that what we know is nothing in comparison with what we know not. By the tender mercy of our God, the Day-spring from on high has visited us, to give light to those that sit in darkness, whose hearts are turned to it as clay to the seal, 2Co 4:6. God's way in the government of the world is said to be in the sea; this means, that it is hid from us. Let us make sure that the gates of heaven shall be opened to us on the other side of death, and then we need not fear the opening of the gates of death. It is presumptuous for us, who perceive not the breadth of the earth, to dive into the depth of God's counsels. We should neither in the brightest noon count upon perpetual day, nor in the darkest midnight despair of the return of the morning; and this applies to our inward as well as to our outward condition. What folly it is to strive against God! How much is it our interest to seek peace with him, and to keep in his love!
Key Words
עָנָה: properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce
אִיּוֹב: Ijob, the patriarch famous for his patience
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
סַעַר: a hurricane
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
מִי: who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
זֶה: the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
חָשַׁךְ: to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken
עֵצָה: advice; by implication, plan; also prudence
מִלָּה: a word; collectively, a discourse; figuratively, a topic
Cross References
Job 38Job directly quotes this verse back to God, confessing his words lacked knowledge.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Exact verbal parallel where God repeats the demand to gird up loins and answer Him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
New Testament command to 'gird up the loins of your mind' based on this imagery.
Supported by JFB
Describes God setting a decree and boundary for the sea that it should not pass.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Thematic parallel of God setting a bound that the waters may not pass over.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job earlier mentioned these same constellations (Arcturus, Orion, Pleiades) which God now challenges him about.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Shouting for joy at the bringing forth of the headstone/cornerstone of the temple.
Supported by JFB
Verbal and thematic link of the people shouting for joy at founding the temple.
Supported by JFB
Parallels God's compassing of the waters with bounds until day and night end.
Supported by JFB
God places sand for the bound of the sea by a perpetual decree.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Elihu's previous assertion that the inspiration of the Almighty gives understanding to the heart.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God manifesting His presence through tempestuous weather and thunder at Mount Sinai.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Eliphaz's ironic query whether Job was the first man born before the hills.
Supported by JFB
Details how the wicked rebel against the light and use darkness as their cover.
Supported by JFB
Jesus references God feeding the ravens to teach trust in His providence.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel instruction on divine providence caring for the birds of the air.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Verbal echo: God giving food to the beast and to the young ravens which cry.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Describes God stretching out the north over empty space and hanging earth on nothing.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic description of God laying a precious cornerstone in Zion, matching creation imagery.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God gathering the waters of the sea together as a heap in storehouses.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Darkness covering the deep before light is created, matching the swaddling band image.
Supported by JFB
God covering Himself with light as with a garment, illuminating creation.
Supported by JFB
Elihu's previous observation of frost given by the breath of God.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies the ordinances of the sun, moon, and stars established by God.
Supported by Matthew Poole