Luke12
New American Standard
1Under these circumstances, after so many thousands of people had gathered together that they were stepping on one another, He began saying to His disciples first of all, “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.
2But there is nothing covered up that will not be revealed, and hidden that will not be known.
3Accordingly, whatever you have said in the dark will be heard in the light, and what you have whispered in the inner rooms will be proclaimed on the housetops.
4“Now I say to you, My friends, do not be afraid of those who kill the body, and after that have nothing more that they can do.
5But I will warn you whom to fear: fear the One who, after He has killed someone, has the power to throw that person into hell; yes, I tell you, fear Him!
6Are five sparrows not sold for two assaria? And yet not one of them has gone unnoticed in the sight of God.
7But even the hairs of your head are all counted. Do not fear; you are more valuable than a great number of sparrows.
8“Now I say to you, everyone who confesses Me before people, the Son of Man will also confess him before the angels of God;
9but the one who denies Me before people will be denied before the angels of God.
10And everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but the one who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him.
11Now when they bring you before the synagogues and the officials and the authorities, do not worry about how or what you are to speak in your defense, or what you are to say;
12for the Holy Spirit will teach you in that very hour what you ought to say.”
13Now someone in the crowd said to Him, “Teacher, tell my brother to divide the family inheritance with me.”
14But He said to him, “You there—who appointed Me a judge or arbitrator over the two of you?”
15But He said to them, “Beware, and be on your guard against every form of greed; for not even when one is affluent does his life consist of his possessions.”
16And He told them a parable, saying, “The land of a rich man was very productive.
17And he began thinking to himself, saying, ‘What shall I do, since I have no place to store my crops?’
18And he said, ‘This is what I will do: I will tear down my barns and build larger ones, and I will store all my grain and my goods there.
19And I will say to myself, “You have many goods stored up for many years to come; relax, eat, drink, and enjoy yourself!”’
20But God said to him, ‘You fool! This very night your soul is demanded of you; and as for all that you have prepared, who will own it now?’
21Such is the one who stores up treasure for himself, and is not rich in relation to God.”
22And He said to His disciples, “For this reason I tell you, do not worry about your life, as to what you are to eat; nor for your body, as to what you are to wear.
23For life is more than food, and the body is more than clothing.
24Consider the ravens, that they neither sow nor reap; they have no storeroom nor barn, and yet God feeds them; how much more valuable you are than the birds!
25And which of you by worrying can add a day to his life’s span?
26Therefore if you cannot do even a very little thing, why do you worry about the other things?
27Consider the lilies, how they grow: they neither labor nor spin; but I tell you, not even Solomon in all his glory clothed himself like one of these.
28Now if God so clothes the grass in the field, which is alive today and tomorrow is thrown into the furnace, how much more will He clothe you? You of little faith!
29And do not seek what you are to eat and what you are to drink, and do not keep worrying.
30For all these things are what the nations of the world eagerly seek; and your Father knows that you need these things.
31But seek His kingdom, and these things will be provided to you.
32Do not be afraid, little flock, because your Father has chosen to give you the kingdom.
33“Sell your possessions and give to charity; make yourselves money belts that do not wear out, an inexhaustible treasure in heaven, where no thief comes near nor does a moth destroy.
34For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.
35“Be prepared, and keep your lamps lit.
36You are also to be like people who are waiting for their master when he returns from the wedding feast, so that they may immediately open the door for him when he comes and knocks.
37Blessed are those slaves whom the master will find on the alert when he comes; truly I say to you, that he will prepare himself to serve, and have them recline at the table, and he will come up and serve them.
38Whether he comes in the second watch, or even in the third, and finds them so, blessed are those slaves.
39“But be sure of this, that if the head of the house had known at what hour the thief was coming, he would not have allowed his house to be broken into.
40You too, be ready; because the Son of Man is coming at an hour that you do not think He will.”
41Peter said, “Lord, are You telling this parable to us, or to everyone else as well?”
42And the Lord said, “Who then is the faithful and sensible steward, whom his master will put in charge of his servants, to give them their rations at the proper time?
43Blessed is that slave whom his master finds so doing when he comes.
44Truly I say to you that he will put him in charge of all his possessions.
45But if that slave says in his heart, ‘My master will take a long time to come,’ and he begins to beat the other slaves, both men and women, and to eat and drink and get drunk;
46then the master of that slave will come on a day that he does not expect, and at an hour that he does not know, and will cut him in two, and assign him a place with the unbelievers.
47And that slave who knew his master’s will and did not get ready or act in accordance with his will, will receive many blows,
48but the one who did not know it, and committed acts deserving of a beating, will receive only a few blows. From everyone who has been given much, much will be demanded; and to whom they entrusted much, of him they will ask all the more.
49“I have come to cast fire upon the earth; and how I wish it were already kindled!
50But I have a baptism to undergo, and how distressed I am until it is accomplished!
51Do you think that I came to provide peace on earth? No, I tell you, but rather division;
52for from now on five members in one household will be divided, three against two and two against three.
53They will be divided, father against son and son against father, mother against daughter and daughter against mother, mother-in-law against daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law against mother-in-law.”
54And He was also saying to the crowds, “Whenever you see a cloud rising in the west, you immediately say, ‘A shower is coming,’ and so it turns out.
55And whenever you feel a south wind blowing, you say, ‘It will be a hot day,’ and it turns out that way.
56You hypocrites! You know how to analyze the appearance of the earth and the sky, but how is it that you do not know how to analyze this present time?
57“And why do you not even judge by yourselves what is right?
58For when you are going with your accuser to appear before the magistrate, on the way, make an effort to settle with him, so that he does not drag you before the judge, and the judge hand you over to the officer, and the officer throw you into prison.
59I tell you, you will not get out of there until you have paid up the very last lepton.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 12.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Christ reproves the interpreters of the law. (1–12). A caution against covetousness, The parable of the rich man. (13–21). Worldly care reproved. (22–40). Watchfulness enforced. (41–53). A warning to be reconciled to God. (54–59).
vv1-12
A firm belief of the doctrine of God's universal providence, and the extent of it, would satisfy us when in peril, and encourage us to trust God in the way of duty. Providence takes notice of the meanest creatures, even of the sparrows, and therefore of the smallest interests of the disciples of Christ. Those who confess Christ now, shall be owned by him in the great day, before the angels of God. To deter us from denying Christ, and deserting his truths and ways, we are here assured that those who deny Christ, though they may thus save life itself, and though they may gain a kingdom by it, will be great losers at last; for Christ will not know them, will not own them, nor show them favour. But let no trembling, penitent backslider doubt of obtaining forgiveness. This is far different from the determined enmity that is blasphemy against the Holy Ghost, which shall never be forgiven, because it will never be repented of.
vv13-21
Christ's kingdom is spiritual, and not of this world. Christianity does not meddle with politics; it obliges all to do justly, but wordly dominion is not founded in grace. It does not encourage expectations of worldly advantages by religion. The rewards of Christ's disciples are of another nature. Covetousness is a sin we need constantly to be warned against; for happiness and comfort do not depend on the wealth of this world. The things of the world will not satisfy the desires of a soul. Here is a parable, which shows the folly of carnal worldling while they live, and their misery when they die. The character drawn is exactly that of a prudent, worldly man, who has no grateful regard to the providence of God, nor any right thought of the uncertainty of human affairs, the worth of his soul, or the importance of eternity. How many, even among professed Christians, point out similar characters as models for imitation, and proper persons to form connexions with! We mistake if we think that thoughts are hid, and thoughts are free. When he saw a great crop upon his ground, instead of thanking God for it, or rejoicing to be able to do more good, he afflicts himself. What shall I do now? The poorest beggar in the country could not have said a more anxious word. The more men have, the more perplexity they have with it. It was folly for him to think of making no other use of his plenty, than to indulge the flesh and gratify the sensual appetites, without any thought of doing good to others. Carnal worldlings are fools; and the day is coming when God will call them by their own name, and they will call themselves so. The death of such persons is miserable in itself, and terrible to them. Thy soul shall be required. He is loth to part with it; but God shall require it, shall require an account of it, require it as a guilty soul to be punished without delay. It is the folly of most men, to mind and pursue that which is for the body and for time only, more than that for the soul and eternity.
vv22-40
Christ largely insisted upon this caution not to give way to disquieting, perplexing cares, Mt 6:25–34. The arguments here used are for our encouragement to cast our care upon God, which is the right way to get ease. As in our stature, so in our state, it is our wisdom to take it as it is. An eager, anxious pursuit of the things of this world, even necessary things, ill becomes the disciples of Christ. Fears must not prevail; when we frighten ourselves with thoughts of evil to come, and put ourselves upon needless cares how to avoid it. If we value the beauty of holiness, we shall not crave the luxuries of life. Let us then examine whether we belong to this little flock. Christ is our Master, and we are his servants; not only working servants, but waiting servants. We must be as men that wait for their lord, that sit up while he stays out late, to be ready to receive him. In this Christ alluded to his own ascension to heaven, his coming to call his people to him by death, and his return to judge the world. We are uncertain as to the time of his coming to us, we should therefore be always ready. If men thus take care of their houses, let us be thus wise for our souls. Be ye therefore ready also; as ready as the good man of the house would be, if he knew at what hour the thief would come.
Key Words
ἐν (en): "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
ὅς (hós): the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
μυριάς (myriás): a ten-thousand; by extension, a "myriad" or indefinite number
ὄχλος (óchlos): a throng (as borne along); by implication, the rabble; by extension, a class of people; figuratively, a riot
ἐπισυνάγω (episynágō): to collect upon the same place
ὥστε (hṓste): so too, i.e. thus therefore (in various relations of consecution, as follow)
καταπατέω (katapatéō): to trample down; figuratively, to reject with disdain
ἀλλήλων (allḗlōn): one another
ἄρχομαι (árchomai): to commence (in order of time)
λέγω (légō): properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas G2036 (ἔπω) and G5346 (φημί) generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while G4483 (ῥέω) is properly to break silence merely, and G2980 (λαλέω) means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean
Cross References
Luke 12Direct parallel command to fear God (who casts into hell) rather than men.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallel discourse forbidding anxious worldly care, urging trust in God's providence and seeking His kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Direct parallel teaching on resolving disputes with adversaries while on the way, avoiding judicial penalty.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Parallel warning regarding the 'leaven of the Pharisees,' contrasting hypocrisy/doctrine with sincerity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct parallel teaching on the sparrows and the farthings under divine care.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the rich fool's futility of heaping up riches without knowing who will gather them.
Supported by JFB
The foundational imagery of having loins girded, ready for immediate, obedient departure.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
The spiritual exhortation to 'gird up the loins of your mind' in sober expectation.
Supported by John Calvin
Direct parallel teaching comparing the unexpected return of the Son of Man to a thief.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Direct parallel regarding the faithful and wise steward set over his master's household.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallel declaration that Christ did not come to bring peace, but division/sword.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Old Testament source for familial division (father/son, mother/daughter) directly echoed by Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Direct verbal and thematic parallel regarding confessing Christ before men and the Father.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel instruction distinguishing blasphemy against the Son of man from the Holy Ghost.
Supported by JFB
Jesus directly echoes Moses' words, repudiating the role of a secular judge and divider.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of the psalmist's warning: he heapeth up riches and knoweth not who gathers them.
Supported by JFB
Old Testament precedent of God providing food for the ravens specifically, illustrating sovereign care.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Parallel command to lay up uncorruptible treasure in heaven rather than transient earthly wealth.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Paul's command to the rich to do good works, laying up a foundation for eternity.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Christ acts out this promise by girding Himself and washing His disciples' feet as a servant.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Apostolic instruction reiterating that the day of the Lord comes like a thief in the night.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Addresses Peter's question on whom the warning is for: 'What I say unto you I say unto all.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel description of the evil servant who claims his lord delays and abuses others.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallel rebuke of hypocrites who discern weather signs but fail to discern spiritual times.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel warning about not departing from prison until paying the very last farthing/mite.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallel proverb regarding covered things that will inevitably be revealed and made known.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Exhortation against trusting in uncertain riches and being rich in good works.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Sermon on the Mount warning against anxiety and worldly, material focus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Immediate context and application defining what it means to be 'not rich toward God.'
Supported by JFB
Thematic match: he that gets riches unjustly dies a fool at his end.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrasts laying up treasure for self (v21) with selling possessions to provide heavenly bags (v33).
Supported by JFB
If God has freely given us His Son and the kingdom, He will supply all else.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul echoes Christ's tender imagery of His followers as a purchased 'flock'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus commands the rich young ruler to sell all and obtain treasure in heaven.
Supported by John Calvin
Eschatological blessing pronounced on the one who watches and keeps his garments.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Practical warning that knowing to do good and not doing it constitutes severe sin.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole