Matthew 12NASB
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Matthew12

New American Standard

1At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath, and His disciples became hungry and began to pick the heads of grain and eat.

2Now when the Pharisees saw this, they said to Him, “Look, Your disciples are doing what is not lawful to do on a Sabbath!”

3But He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he became hungry, he and his companions—

4how he entered the house of God, and they ate the consecrated bread, which was not lawful for him to eat nor for those with him, but for the priests alone?

5Or have you not read in the Law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple violate the Sabbath, and yet are innocent?

6But I say to you that something greater than the temple is here.

7But if you had known what this means: ‘I desire compassion, rather than sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the innocent.

8For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”

9Departing from there, He went into their synagogue.

10And a man was there whose hand was withered. And they questioned Jesus, asking, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?”—so that they might bring charges against Him.

11But He said to them, “What man is there among you who has a sheep, and if it falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will he not take hold of it and lift it out?

12How much more valuable then is a person than a sheep! So then, it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath.”

13Then He said to the man, “Stretch out your hand!” He stretched it out, and it was restored to normal, like the other.

14But the Pharisees went out and conspired against Him, as to how they might destroy Him.

15But Jesus, aware of this, withdrew from there. Many followed Him, and He healed them all,

16and warned them not to tell who He was.

17This happened so that what was spoken through Isaiah the prophet would be fulfilled:

18“Behold, My Servant whom I have chosen; My Beloved in whom My soul delights; I will put My Spirit upon Him, And He will proclaim justice to the Gentiles.

19He will not quarrel, nor cry out; Nor will anyone hear His voice in the streets.

20A bent reed He will not break off, And a dimly burning wick He will not extinguish, Until He leads justice to victory.

21And in His name the Gentiles will hope.”

22Then a demon-possessed man who was blind and unable to speak was brought to Jesus, and He healed him so that the man who was unable to speak talked and could see.

23And all the crowds were amazed and were saying, “This man cannot be the Son of David, can he?”

24But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, “This man casts out demons only by Beelzebul the ruler of the demons.”

25And knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste; and no city or house divided against itself will stand.

26And if Satan is casting out Satan, he has become divided against himself; how then will his kingdom stand?

27And if by Beelzebul I cast out the demons, by whom do your sons cast them out? Therefore, they will be your judges.

28But if I cast out the demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you.

29Or, how can anyone enter the strong man’s house and carry off his property, unless he first ties up the strong man? And then he will plunder his house.

30The one who is not with Me is against Me; and the one who does not gather with Me scatters.

31“Therefore I say to you, every sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven people, but blasphemy against the Spirit shall not be forgiven.

32And whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man, it shall be forgiven him; but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it shall not be forgiven him, either in this age or in the age to come.

33“Either assume the tree to be good as well as its fruit good, or assume the tree to be bad as well as its fruit bad; for the tree is known by its fruit.

34You offspring of vipers, how can you, being evil, express any good things? For the mouth speaks from that which fills the heart.

35The good person brings out of his good treasure good things; and the evil person brings out of his evil treasure evil things.

36But I tell you that for every careless word that people speak, they will give an account of it on the day of judgment.

37For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.”

38Then some of the scribes and Pharisees said to Him, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from You.”

39But He answered and said to them, “An evil and adulterous generation craves a sign; and so no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah the prophet;

40for just as Jonah was in the stomach of the sea monster for three days and three nights, so will the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights.

41The men of Nineveh will stand up with this generation at the judgment, and will condemn it because they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, something greater than Jonah is here.

42The Queen of the South will rise up with this generation at the judgment and will condemn it, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, something greater than Solomon is here.

43“Now when the unclean spirit comes out of a person, it passes through waterless places seeking rest, and does not find it.

44Then it says, ‘I will return to my house from which I came’; and when it comes, it finds it unoccupied, swept, and put in order.

45Then it goes and brings along with it seven other spirits more wicked than itself, and they come in and live there; and the last condition of that person becomes worse than the first. That is the way it will also be with this evil generation.”

46While He was still speaking to the crowds, behold, His mother and brothers were standing outside, seeking to speak to Him.

47[Someone said to Him, “Look, Your mother and Your brothers are standing outside, seeking to speak to You.”]

48But Jesus replied to the one who was telling Him and said, “Who is My mother, and who are My brothers?”

49And extending His hand toward His disciples, He said, “Behold: My mother and My brothers!

50For whoever does the will of My Father who is in heaven, he is My brother, and sister, and mother.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Matthew 12.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Jesus defends his disciples for plucking corn on the sabbath day. (1–8). Jesus heals a man with a withered hand on the sabbath. (9–13). The malice of the Pharisees. (14–21). Jesus heals a demoniac. (22–30). Blasphemy of the Pharisees. (31, 32). Evil words proceed from an evil heart. (33–37). The scribes and Pharisees reproved for seeking a sign. (38–45). The disciples of Christ are his nearest relations. (46–50).

vv1-8

Being in the corn-fields, the disciples began to pluck the ears of corn: the law of God allowed it, De 23:25. This was slender provision for Christ and his disciples; but they were content with it. The Pharisees did not quarrel with them for taking another man's corn, but for doing it on the sabbath day. Christ came to free his followers, not only from the corruptions of the Pharisees, but from their unscriptural rules, and justified what they did. The greatest shall not have their lusts indulged, but the meanest shall have their wants considered. Those labours are lawful on the sabbath day which are necessary, and sabbath rest is to froward, not to hinder sabbath worship. Needful provision for health and food is to be made; but when servants are kept at home, and families become a scene of hurry and confusion on the Lord's day, to furnish a feast for visitors, or for indulgence, the case is very different. Such things as these, and many others common among professors, are to be blamed. The resting on the sabbath was ordained for man's good, De 5:14. No law must be understood so as to contradict its own end. And as Christ is the Lord of the sabbath, it is fit the day and the work of it should be dedicated to him.

vv9-13

Christ shows that works of mercy are lawful and proper to be done on the Lord's day. There are more ways of doing well upon sabbath days, than by the duties of worship: attending the sick, relieving the poor, helping those who need speedy relief, teaching the young to care for their souls; these are doing good: and these must be done from love and charity, with humility and self-denial, and shall be accepted, Ge 4:7. This, like other cures which Christ wrought, had a spiritual meaning. By nature our hands are withered, and we are unable of ourselves to do any thing that is good. Christ only, by the power of his grace, cures us; he heals the withered hand by putting life into the dead soul, works in us both to will and to do: for, with the command, there is a promise of grace given by the word.

vv14-21

The Pharisees took counsel to find some accusation, that Jesus might be condemned to death. Aware of their design, as his time was not come, he retired from that place. Face does not more exactly answer to face in water, than the character of Christ drawn by the prophet, to his temper and conduct as described by the evangelists. Let us with cheerful confidence commit our souls to so kind and faithful a Friend. Far from breaking, he will strengthen the bruised reed; far from quenching the smoking flax, or wick nearly out, he will rather blow it up into a flame. Let us lay aside contentious and angry debates; let us receive one another as Christ receives us. And while encouraged by the gracious kindness of our Lord, we should pray that his Spirit may rest upon us, and make us able to copy his example.

Cross References

Matthew 12
v41 Samuel 21:6typology

David eating the consecrated shewbread when in need justifies Christ's disciples plucking corn on the Sabbath.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v17Isaiah 42:1-4fulfillment

Matthew explicitly cites this passage as fulfilled in Jesus' quiet, merciful, and non-contentious messianic ministry.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v40Jonah 1:17fulfillment

The precise type of Jonah's three days in the fish foreshadows Christ's burial and resurrection.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

The Mosaic law explicitly permitted plucking standing corn by hand, proving the disciples' act wasn't theft.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

The Levitical law regulating the preparation and consumption of the sacred shewbread exclusively by the priests.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Numbers 28:9thematic

The prescription of double offerings on the Sabbath, illustrating the priests' required temple work.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v28Luke 11:20thematic

Luke's parallel replaces 'Spirit of God' with 'finger of God', confirming the arrival of God's kingdom.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v42Luke 11:31thematic

Parallel account of the Queen of the South rising in judgment against this generation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v421 Kings 10:1-13thematic

The historical account of the Queen of Sheba seeking Solomon's wisdom, contrasting with Pharisaic rejection.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v5John 7:22allusion

Jesus references Sabbath circumcision to prove certain ritual laws yield to higher divine commands.

Supported by JFB

v11Luke 14:5thematic

Jesus uses a similar Sabbath argument regarding rescuing an ox or donkey fallen into a pit.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v34Luke 6:45thematic

Parallel teaching that the mouth speaks out of the abundance of the heart's treasure.

Supported by John Calvin

v43Luke 11:24thematic

Parallel discourse regarding the return of an unclean spirit to an empty, swept house.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v46Mark 3:31-35thematic

Parallel account of Jesus defining his true spiritual family as those who do God's will.

Supported by Matthew Henry