Matthew 12WEB
Books
All books

Matthew12

World English Bible · Public Domain

1At that time, Jesus went on the Sabbath day through the grain fields. His disciples were hungry and began to pluck heads of grain and to eat.

2But the Pharisees, when they saw it, said to him, “Behold, your disciples do what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath.”

3But he said to them, “Haven’t you read what David did when he was hungry, and those who were with him:

4how he entered into God’s house and ate the show bread, which was not lawful for him to eat, nor for those who were with him, but only for the priests?

5Or have you not read in the law that on the Sabbath day the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath and are guiltless?

6But I tell you that one greater than the temple is here.

7But if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice,’ you wouldn’t have condemned the guiltless.

8For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”

9He departed from there and went into their synagogue.

10And behold, there was a man with a withered hand. They asked him, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath day?” so that they might accuse him.

11He said to them, “What man is there among you who has one sheep, and if this one falls into a pit on the Sabbath day, won’t he grab on to it and lift it out?

12Of how much more value then is a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath day.”

13Then he told the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He stretched it out; and it was restored whole, just like the other.

14But the Pharisees went out and conspired against him, how they might destroy him.

15Jesus, perceiving that, withdrew from there. Great multitudes followed him; and he healed them all,

16and commanded them that they should not make him known,

17that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through Isaiah the prophet, saying,

18“Behold, my servant whom I have chosen, my beloved in whom my soul is well pleased. I will put my Spirit on him. He will proclaim justice to the nations.

19He will not strive, nor shout, neither will anyone hear his voice in the streets.

20He won’t break a bruised reed. He won’t quench a smoking flax, until he leads justice to victory.

21In his name, the nations will hope.”

22Then one possessed by a demon, blind and mute, was brought to him; and he healed him, so that the blind and mute man both spoke and saw.

23All the multitudes were amazed, and said, “Can this be the son of David?”

24But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, “This man does not cast out demons except by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons.”

25Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation, and every city or house divided against itself will not stand.

26If Satan casts out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then will his kingdom stand?

27If I by Beelzebul cast out demons, by whom do your children cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges.

28But if I by the Spirit of God cast out demons, then God’s Kingdom has come upon you.

29Or how can one enter into the house of the strong man and plunder his goods, unless he first bind the strong man? Then he will plunder his house.

30“He who is not with me is against me, and he who doesn’t gather with me, scatters.

31Therefore I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven men.

32Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him, either in this age, or in that which is to come.

33“Either make the tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree corrupt and its fruit corrupt; for the tree is known by its fruit.

34You offspring of vipers, how can you, being evil, speak good things? For out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaks.

35The good man out of his good treasure brings out good things, and the evil man out of his evil treasure brings out evil things.

36I tell you that every idle word that men speak, they will give account of it in the day of judgment.

37For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.”

38Then certain of the scribes and Pharisees answered, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from you.”

39But he answered them, “An evil and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, but no sign will be given to it but the sign of Jonah the prophet.

40For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the huge fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.

41The men of Nineveh will stand up in the judgment with this generation and will condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, someone greater than Jonah is here.

42The Queen of the South will rise up in the judgment with this generation and will condemn it, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, someone greater than Solomon is here.

43“When an unclean spirit has gone out of a man, he passes through waterless places seeking rest, and doesn’t find it.

44Then he says, ‘I will return into my house from which I came;’ and when he has come back, he finds it empty, swept, and put in order.

45Then he goes and takes with himself seven other spirits more evil than he is, and they enter in and dwell there. The last state of that man becomes worse than the first. Even so will it be also to this evil generation.”

46While he was yet speaking to the multitudes, behold, his mother and his brothers stood outside, seeking to speak to him.

47One said to him, “Behold, your mother and your brothers stand outside, seeking to speak to you.”

48But he answered him who spoke to him, “Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?”

49He stretched out his hand toward his disciples, and said, “Behold, my mother and my brothers!

50For whoever does the will of my Father who is in heaven, he is my brother, and sister, and mother.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Matthew 12.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Jesus defends his disciples for plucking corn on the sabbath day. (1–8). Jesus heals a man with a withered hand on the sabbath. (9–13). The malice of the Pharisees. (14–21). Jesus heals a demoniac. (22–30). Blasphemy of the Pharisees. (31, 32). Evil words proceed from an evil heart. (33–37). The scribes and Pharisees reproved for seeking a sign. (38–45). The disciples of Christ are his nearest relations. (46–50).

vv1-8

Being in the corn-fields, the disciples began to pluck the ears of corn: the law of God allowed it, De 23:25. This was slender provision for Christ and his disciples; but they were content with it. The Pharisees did not quarrel with them for taking another man's corn, but for doing it on the sabbath day. Christ came to free his followers, not only from the corruptions of the Pharisees, but from their unscriptural rules, and justified what they did. The greatest shall not have their lusts indulged, but the meanest shall have their wants considered. Those labours are lawful on the sabbath day which are necessary, and sabbath rest is to froward, not to hinder sabbath worship. Needful provision for health and food is to be made; but when servants are kept at home, and families become a scene of hurry and confusion on the Lord's day, to furnish a feast for visitors, or for indulgence, the case is very different. Such things as these, and many others common among professors, are to be blamed. The resting on the sabbath was ordained for man's good, De 5:14. No law must be understood so as to contradict its own end. And as Christ is the Lord of the sabbath, it is fit the day and the work of it should be dedicated to him.

vv9-13

Christ shows that works of mercy are lawful and proper to be done on the Lord's day. There are more ways of doing well upon sabbath days, than by the duties of worship: attending the sick, relieving the poor, helping those who need speedy relief, teaching the young to care for their souls; these are doing good: and these must be done from love and charity, with humility and self-denial, and shall be accepted, Ge 4:7. This, like other cures which Christ wrought, had a spiritual meaning. By nature our hands are withered, and we are unable of ourselves to do any thing that is good. Christ only, by the power of his grace, cures us; he heals the withered hand by putting life into the dead soul, works in us both to will and to do: for, with the command, there is a promise of grace given by the word.

vv14-21

The Pharisees took counsel to find some accusation, that Jesus might be condemned to death. Aware of their design, as his time was not come, he retired from that place. Face does not more exactly answer to face in water, than the character of Christ drawn by the prophet, to his temper and conduct as described by the evangelists. Let us with cheerful confidence commit our souls to so kind and faithful a Friend. Far from breaking, he will strengthen the bruised reed; far from quenching the smoking flax, or wick nearly out, he will rather blow it up into a flame. Let us lay aside contentious and angry debates; let us receive one another as Christ receives us. And while encouraged by the gracious kindness of our Lord, we should pray that his Spirit may rest upon us, and make us able to copy his example.

Cross References

Matthew 12
v41 Samuel 21:6typology

David eating the consecrated shewbread when in need justifies Christ's disciples plucking corn on the Sabbath.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v17Isaiah 42:1-4fulfillment

Matthew explicitly cites this passage as fulfilled in Jesus' quiet, merciful, and non-contentious messianic ministry.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v40Jonah 1:17fulfillment

The precise type of Jonah's three days in the fish foreshadows Christ's burial and resurrection.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

The Mosaic law explicitly permitted plucking standing corn by hand, proving the disciples' act wasn't theft.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

The Levitical law regulating the preparation and consumption of the sacred shewbread exclusively by the priests.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Numbers 28:9thematic

The prescription of double offerings on the Sabbath, illustrating the priests' required temple work.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v28Luke 11:20thematic

Luke's parallel replaces 'Spirit of God' with 'finger of God', confirming the arrival of God's kingdom.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v42Luke 11:31thematic

Parallel account of the Queen of the South rising in judgment against this generation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v421 Kings 10:1-13thematic

The historical account of the Queen of Sheba seeking Solomon's wisdom, contrasting with Pharisaic rejection.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v5John 7:22allusion

Jesus references Sabbath circumcision to prove certain ritual laws yield to higher divine commands.

Supported by JFB

v11Luke 14:5thematic

Jesus uses a similar Sabbath argument regarding rescuing an ox or donkey fallen into a pit.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v34Luke 6:45thematic

Parallel teaching that the mouth speaks out of the abundance of the heart's treasure.

Supported by John Calvin

v43Luke 11:24thematic

Parallel discourse regarding the return of an unclean spirit to an empty, swept house.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v46Mark 3:31-35thematic

Parallel account of Jesus defining his true spiritual family as those who do God's will.

Supported by Matthew Henry