Numbers28
World English Bible · Public Domain
1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
2 “Command the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘See that you present my offering, my food for my offerings made by fire, as a pleasant aroma to me, in their due season.’
3 You shall tell them, ‘This is the offering made by fire which you shall offer to Yahweh: male lambs a year old without defect, two day by day, for a continual burnt offering.
4 You shall offer the one lamb in the morning, and you shall offer the other lamb at evening,
5 with one tenth of an ephah of fine flour for a meal offering, mixed with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil.
6 It is a continual burnt offering which was ordained in Mount Sinai for a pleasant aroma, an offering made by fire to Yahweh.
7 Its drink offering shall be the fourth part of a hin for each lamb. You shall pour out a drink offering of strong drink to Yahweh in the holy place.
8 The other lamb you shall offer at evening. As the meal offering of the morning, and as its drink offering, you shall offer it, an offering made by fire, for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.
9 “‘On the Sabbath day, you shall offer two male lambs a year old without defect, and two tenths of an ephah of fine flour for a meal offering mixed with oil, and its drink offering:
10 this is the burnt offering of every Sabbath, in addition to the continual burnt offering and its drink offering.
11 “‘In the beginnings of your months, you shall offer a burnt offering to Yahweh: two young bulls, one ram, seven male lambs a year old without defect,
12 and three tenths of an ephah of fine flour for a meal offering mixed with oil, for each bull; and two tenth parts of fine flour for a meal offering mixed with oil, for the one ram;
13 and one tenth part of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering to every lamb, as a burnt offering of a pleasant aroma, an offering made by fire to Yahweh.
14 Their drink offerings shall be half a hin of wine for a bull, the third part of a hin for the ram, and the fourth part of a hin for a lamb. This is the burnt offering of every month throughout the months of the year.
15 Also, one male goat for a sin offering to Yahweh shall be offered in addition to the continual burnt offering and its drink offering.
16 “‘In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, is Yahweh’s Passover.
17 On the fifteenth day of this month shall be a feast. Unleavened bread shall be eaten for seven days.
18 In the first day shall be a holy convocation. You shall do no regular work,
19 but you shall offer an offering made by fire, a burnt offering to Yahweh: two young bulls, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old. They shall be without defect,
20 with their meal offering, fine flour mixed with oil. You shall offer three tenths for a bull, and two tenths for the ram.
21 You shall offer one tenth for every lamb of the seven lambs;
22 and one male goat for a sin offering, to make atonement for you.
23 You shall offer these in addition to the burnt offering of the morning, which is for a continual burnt offering.
24 In this way you shall offer daily, for seven days, the food of the offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh. It shall be offered in addition to the continual burnt offering and its drink offering.
25 On the seventh day you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no regular work.
26 “‘Also in the day of the first fruits, when you offer a new meal offering to Yahweh in your feast of weeks, you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no regular work;
27 but you shall offer a burnt offering for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh: two young bulls, one ram, seven male lambs a year old;
28 and their meal offering, fine flour mixed with oil, three tenths for each bull, two tenths for the one ram,
29 one tenth for every lamb of the seven lambs;
30 and one male goat, to make atonement for you.
31 Besides the continual burnt offering and its meal offering, you shall offer them and their drink offerings. See that they are without defect.
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Numbers 28Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 28. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Offerings, The daily sacrifice. (1–8). The offering on the sabbath and new moons. (9–15). Offerings at the passover, and on the day of first-fruits. (16–31).
vv1-8
God saw fit now to repeat the law of sacrifices. This was a new generation of men; and they were concerned to keep their peace with God when at war with their enemies. The daily sacrifice is called a continual burnt-offering; when we are bid to pray always, at least every morning and evening we should offer up solemn prayers and praises to God. Nothing is added here but that the wine poured out in the drink-offering is to be strong wine, to teach us to serve God with the best we have. It was a figure of the blood of Christ, the memorial of which is still left to the church in wine; and of the blood of the martyrs, which was poured out as a drink-offering on the sacrifice and service of our faith, Php 2:17.
vv9-15
Every sabbath day, beside the two lambs offered for the daily burnt-offering, there must be two more offered. This teaches us to double our devotions on sabbath days, for so the duty of the day requires. The sabbath rest is to be observed, in order more closely to apply ourselves to the sabbath work, which ought to fill up the sabbath time. The offerings in the new moons showed thankfulness for the renewing of earthly blessings: when we rejoice in the gifts of providence, we must make the sacrifice of Christ, that great gift of special grace, the fountain and spring-head of our joy. And the worship performed in the new moons is made typical of gospel solemnities, Isa 66:23. As the moon borrows light from the sun, and is renewed by its influences; so the church borrows her light from Jesus Christ, who is the Sun of righteousness, renewing the state of the church, especially under the gospel. (Nu 28:16-31)
vv16-31
By the sacrifices enjoined in this chapter, we are reminded of the continued power of the sacrifice of Christ, and of our continual need to depend thereon. No hurrying employments, or perilous situations, or prosperous circumstances, should cause slackness in our religious exercises; but should rather stir us up to greater diligence in seeking help from, or giving thanks to the Lord. And all is to be accompanied with repentance, faith is the Lord Jesus, and love to him, and to produce true holiness in our conduct towards all men; otherwise God will abhor our most solemn services and abundant devotions. And Christ is able to supply the wants of every day, every week, every month, every year, every ordinance, every case.
Key Words
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
צָוָה: (intensively) to constitute, enjoin
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
קׇרְבָּן: something brought near the altar, i.e. a sacrificial present
לֶחֶם: food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
אִשָּׁה: properly, a burnt-offering; but occasionally of any sacrifice
רֵיחַ: odor (as if blown)
Cross References
Numbers 28The original institution of the daily burnt offering of two lambs at Mount Sinai.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prescribes the exact measure of flour, oil, and wine for the daily lamb's offering.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic expansion of the new moon and Sabbath worship fulfilled under the Gospel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament fulfillment and cessation of the ceremonial holy days, new moons, and Sabbaths.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The primary law establishing the dates and basic ordinances for the Passover and Unleavened Bread.
Supported by JFB
Historical practice showing cessation of trade on the new moon and Sabbath days.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Shows the custom of seeking prophetic instruction specifically on new moons and Sabbaths.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The corresponding sacrificial instructions for the Feast of Weeks / Day of Firstfruits.
Supported by JFB
Confirms the sanctuary location where the continual burnt offering and drink offering were poured.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Mandates the blowing of silver trumpets over the burnt offerings on the new moons.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates the social and family feast observations that historically accompanied the new moon.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the anthropomorphic language of calling God's food offering 'bread'.
Supported by John Calvin
Defines the general proportion of meat offerings accompanying individual animal sacrifices.
Supported by Matthew Poole