Numbers28
New International Version
1The Lord said to Moses,
2“Give this command to the Israelites and say to them: ‘Make sure that you present to me at the appointed time my food offerings, as an aroma pleasing to me.’
3Say to them: ‘This is the food offering you are to present to the Lord: two lambs a year old without defect, as a regular burnt offering each day.
4Offer one lamb in the morning and the other at twilight,
5together with a grain offering of a tenth of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of oil from pressed olives.
6This is the regular burnt offering instituted at Mount Sinai as a pleasing aroma, a food offering presented to the Lord.
7The accompanying drink offering is to be a quarter of a hin of fermented drink with each lamb. Pour out the drink offering to the Lord at the sanctuary.
8Offer the second lamb at twilight, along with the same kind of grain offering and drink offering that you offer in the morning. This is a food offering, an aroma pleasing to the Lord.
9“‘On the Sabbath day, make an offering of two lambs a year old without defect, together with its drink offering and a grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with olive oil.
10This is the burnt offering for every Sabbath, in addition to the regular burnt offering and its drink offering.
11“‘On the first of every month, present to the Lord a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram and seven male lambs a year old, all without defect.
12With each bull there is to be a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil; with the ram, a grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil;
13and with each lamb, a grain offering of a tenth of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil. This is for a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma, a food offering presented to the Lord.
14With each bull there is to be a drink offering of half a hin of wine; with the ram, a third of a hin; and with each lamb, a quarter of a hin. This is the monthly burnt offering to be made at each new moon during the year.
15Besides the regular burnt offering with its drink offering, one male goat is to be presented to the Lord as a sin offering.
16“‘On the fourteenth day of the first month the Lord’s Passover is to be held.
17On the fifteenth day of this month there is to be a festival; for seven days eat bread made without yeast.
18On the first day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.
19Present to the Lord a food offering consisting of a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram and seven male lambs a year old, all without defect.
20With each bull offer a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths;
21and with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth.
22Include one male goat as a sin offering to make atonement for you.
23Offer these in addition to the regular morning burnt offering.
24In this way present the food offering every day for seven days as an aroma pleasing to the Lord; it is to be offered in addition to the regular burnt offering and its drink offering.
25On the seventh day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.
26“‘On the day of firstfruits, when you present to the Lord an offering of new grain during the Festival of Weeks, hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.
27Present a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram and seven male lambs a year old as an aroma pleasing to the Lord.
28With each bull there is to be a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths;
29and with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth.
30Include one male goat to make atonement for you.
31Offer these together with their drink offerings, in addition to the regular burnt offering and its grain offering. Be sure the animals are without defect.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 28.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Offerings, The daily sacrifice. (1–8). The offering on the sabbath and new moons. (9–15). Offerings at the passover, and on the day of first-fruits. (16–31).
vv1-8
God saw fit now to repeat the law of sacrifices. This was a new generation of men; and they were concerned to keep their peace with God when at war with their enemies. The daily sacrifice is called a continual burnt-offering; when we are bid to pray always, at least every morning and evening we should offer up solemn prayers and praises to God. Nothing is added here but that the wine poured out in the drink-offering is to be strong wine, to teach us to serve God with the best we have. It was a figure of the blood of Christ, the memorial of which is still left to the church in wine; and of the blood of the martyrs, which was poured out as a drink-offering on the sacrifice and service of our faith, Php 2:17.
vv9-15
Every sabbath day, beside the two lambs offered for the daily burnt-offering, there must be two more offered. This teaches us to double our devotions on sabbath days, for so the duty of the day requires. The sabbath rest is to be observed, in order more closely to apply ourselves to the sabbath work, which ought to fill up the sabbath time. The offerings in the new moons showed thankfulness for the renewing of earthly blessings: when we rejoice in the gifts of providence, we must make the sacrifice of Christ, that great gift of special grace, the fountain and spring-head of our joy. And the worship performed in the new moons is made typical of gospel solemnities, Isa 66:23. As the moon borrows light from the sun, and is renewed by its influences; so the church borrows her light from Jesus Christ, who is the Sun of righteousness, renewing the state of the church, especially under the gospel. (Nu 28:16-31)
vv16-31
By the sacrifices enjoined in this chapter, we are reminded of the continued power of the sacrifice of Christ, and of our continual need to depend thereon. No hurrying employments, or perilous situations, or prosperous circumstances, should cause slackness in our religious exercises; but should rather stir us up to greater diligence in seeking help from, or giving thanks to the Lord. And all is to be accompanied with repentance, faith is the Lord Jesus, and love to him, and to produce true holiness in our conduct towards all men; otherwise God will abhor our most solemn services and abundant devotions. And Christ is able to supply the wants of every day, every week, every month, every year, every ordinance, every case.
Key Words
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
צָוָה: (intensively) to constitute, enjoin
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
קׇרְבָּן: something brought near the altar, i.e. a sacrificial present
לֶחֶם: food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
אִשָּׁה: properly, a burnt-offering; but occasionally of any sacrifice
רֵיחַ: odor (as if blown)
Cross References
Numbers 28The original institution of the daily burnt offering of two lambs at Mount Sinai.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prescribes the exact measure of flour, oil, and wine for the daily lamb's offering.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic expansion of the new moon and Sabbath worship fulfilled under the Gospel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament fulfillment and cessation of the ceremonial holy days, new moons, and Sabbaths.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The primary law establishing the dates and basic ordinances for the Passover and Unleavened Bread.
Supported by JFB
Historical practice showing cessation of trade on the new moon and Sabbath days.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Shows the custom of seeking prophetic instruction specifically on new moons and Sabbaths.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The corresponding sacrificial instructions for the Feast of Weeks / Day of Firstfruits.
Supported by JFB
Confirms the sanctuary location where the continual burnt offering and drink offering were poured.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Mandates the blowing of silver trumpets over the burnt offerings on the new moons.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates the social and family feast observations that historically accompanied the new moon.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the anthropomorphic language of calling God's food offering 'bread'.
Supported by John Calvin
Defines the general proportion of meat offerings accompanying individual animal sacrifices.
Supported by Matthew Poole