Isaiah66
New International Version
1This is what the Lord says: “Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool. Where is the house you will build for me? Where will my resting place be?
2Has not my hand made all these things, and so they came into being?” declares the Lord. “These are the ones I look on with favor: those who are humble and contrite in spirit, and who tremble at my word.
3But whoever sacrifices a bull is like one who kills a person, and whoever offers a lamb is like one who breaks a dog’s neck; whoever makes a grain offering is like one who presents pig’s blood, and whoever burns memorial incense is like one who worships an idol. They have chosen their own ways, and they delight in their abominations;
4so I also will choose harsh treatment for them and will bring on them what they dread. For when I called, no one answered, when I spoke, no one listened. They did evil in my sight and chose what displeases me.”
5Hear the word of the Lord, you who tremble at his word: “Your own people who hate you, and exclude you because of my name, have said, ‘Let the Lord be glorified, that we may see your joy!’ Yet they will be put to shame.
6Hear that uproar from the city, hear that noise from the temple! It is the sound of the Lord repaying his enemies all they deserve.
7“Before she goes into labor, she gives birth; before the pains come upon her, she delivers a son.
8Who has ever heard of such things? Who has ever seen things like this? Can a country be born in a day or a nation be brought forth in a moment? Yet no sooner is Zion in labor than she gives birth to her children.
9Do I bring to the moment of birth and not give delivery?” says the Lord. “Do I close up the womb when I bring to delivery?” says your God.
10“Rejoice with Jerusalem and be glad for her, all you who love her; rejoice greatly with her, all you who mourn over her.
11For you will nurse and be satisfied at her comforting breasts; you will drink deeply and delight in her overflowing abundance.”
12For this is what the Lord says: “I will extend peace to her like a river, and the wealth of nations like a flooding stream; you will nurse and be carried on her arm and dandled on her knees.
13As a mother comforts her child, so will I comfort you; and you will be comforted over Jerusalem.”
14When you see this, your heart will rejoice and you will flourish like grass; the hand of the Lord will be made known to his servants, but his fury will be shown to his foes.
15See, the Lord is coming with fire, and his chariots are like a whirlwind; he will bring down his anger with fury, and his rebuke with flames of fire.
16For with fire and with his sword the Lord will execute judgment on all people, and many will be those slain by the Lord.
17“Those who consecrate and purify themselves to go into the gardens, following one who is among those who eat the flesh of pigs, rats and other unclean things—they will meet their end together with the one they follow,” declares the Lord.
18“And I, because of what they have planned and done, am about to come and gather the people of all nations and languages, and they will come and see my glory.
19“I will set a sign among them, and I will send some of those who survive to the nations—to Tarshish, to the Libyans and Lydians (famous as archers), to Tubal and Greece, and to the distant islands that have not heard of my fame or seen my glory. They will proclaim my glory among the nations.
20And they will bring all your people, from all the nations, to my holy mountain in Jerusalem as an offering to the Lord—on horses, in chariots and wagons, and on mules and camels,” says the Lord. “They will bring them, as the Israelites bring their grain offerings, to the temple of the Lord in ceremonially clean vessels.
21And I will select some of them also to be priests and Levites,” says the Lord.
22“As the new heavens and the new earth that I make will endure before me,” declares the Lord, “so will your name and descendants endure.
23From one New Moon to another and from one Sabbath to another, all mankind will come and bow down before me,” says the Lord.
24“And they will go out and look on the dead bodies of those who rebelled against me; the worms that eat them will not die, the fire that burns them will not be quenched, and they will be loathsome to all mankind.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 66.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God looks at the heart, and vengeance is threatened for guilt. (1-4). The increase of the church, when Jew and Gentile shall be gathered to the Redeemer. (5-14). Every enemy of the church shall be destroyed, and the final ruin of ungodly men shall be seen. (15-24).
vv1-4
The Jews gloried much in their temple. But what satisfaction can the Eternal Mind take in a house made with men's hands? God has a heaven and an earth of his own making, and temples of man's making; but he overlooks them, that he may look with favour to him who is poor in spirit and serious, self-abasing and self-denying; whose heart truly sorrows for sin: such a heart is a living temple for God. The sacrifice of the wicked is not only unacceptable, but a great offence to God. And he that now offers a sacrifice after the law, does in effect set aside Christ's sacrifice. He that burns incense, puts contempt upon the incense of Christ's intercession, and is as if he blessed an idol. Men shall be deceived by the vain confidences with which they deceive themselves. Unbelieving hearts, and unpurified consciences, need no more to make them miserable, than to have their own fears brought upon them. Whatever men put in the place of the priesthood, atonement, and intercession of Christ, will be found hateful to God.
vv5-14
The prophet turns to those that trembled at God's word, to comfort and encourage them. The Lord will appear, to the joy of the humble believer, and to the confusion of hypocrites and persecutors. When the Spirit was poured out, and the gospel went forth from Zion, multitudes were converted in a little time. The word of God, especially his promises, and ordinances, are the consolations of the church. The true happiness of all Christians is increased by every convert brought to Christ. The gospel brings with it, wherever it is received in its power, such a river of peace, as will carry us to the ocean of boundless and endless bliss. Divine comforts reach the inward man; the joy of the Lord will be the strength of the believer. Both God's mercy and justice shall be manifested, and for ever magnified.
vv15-24
A prophetic declaration is given of the Lord's vengeance on all enemies of his church, especially that of all antichristian opposers of the gospel in the latter days. 19,20, set forth the abundance of means for conversion of sinners. These expressions are figurative, and express the plentiful and gracious helps for bringing God's elect home to Christ. All shall be welcome; and nothing shall be wanting for their assistance and encouragement. A gospel ministry shall be set up in the church; they would have solemn worship before the Lord. In the last verse the nature of the punishment of sinners in the world to come is represented. Then shall the righteous and wicked be separated. Our Saviour applies this to the everlasting misery and torment of impenitent sinners in the future state. To the honour of that free grace which thus distinguishes them, let the redeemed of the Lord, with humility, and not without holy trembling, sing triumphant songs. With this affecting representation of the opposite states of the righteous and wicked, characters which include the whole human race, Isaiah concludes his prophecies. May God grant, for Christ's sake, that our portion may be with those who fear and love his name, who cleave to his truths, and persevere in every good work, looking to receive from the Lord Jesus Christ the gracious invitation, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.
Key Words
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
שָׁמַיִם: the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
כִּסֵּא: properly, covered, i.e. a throne (as canopied)
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
בָּנָה: to build (literally and figuratively)
מָקוֹם: properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
מְנוּחָה: repose or (adverbially) peacefully; figuratively, consolation (specifically, matrimony); hence (concretely) an abode
Cross References
Isaiah 66Stephen quotes verses 1-2 to show that the Most High does not dwell in temples made with hands.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Solomon's proverb serves as a direct commentary on the abhorrence of formal sacrifices by wicked people.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels God sending strong delusion on those who chose their own ways and did not believe.
Supported by JFB
Solomon's dedication prayer recognizes that heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain God.
Supported by JFB
Christ's first beatitude on the poor in spirit directly aligns with God looking to the contrite.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels God's dwelling with him who is of a contrite and humble spirit.
Supported by JFB
Verbatim verbal parallel regarding God calling with no answer and speaking with no hearing.
Supported by JFB
Parallel scoffing challenge of persecutors asking God to hasten his work and be glorified.
Supported by JFB
John's vision of the woman travailing and bringing forth a man child echoes Zion's sudden birth.
Supported by JFB
Paul uses the metaphor of offering the Gentiles as an acceptable sacrifice to God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfillment of the promise to take believers as a chosen generation, a royal priesthood.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Earlier mention in Isaiah of the creation of the new heavens and new earth.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The final state where there is no physical temple, for the Lord is its temple.
Supported by JFB
Paul at Mars Hill declares that the Lord of heaven and earth dwells not in temples.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Josiah's tender, contrite heart and trembling at God's words exemplifying this spiritual template.
Supported by JFB
Mosaic law classifying the dog as unclean, highlighting the gravity of the comparison.
Supported by JFB
God's early rejection of formal, hypocritical ritual sacrifices without heart obedience.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Christ warns of excommunication and killing by those who think they do God service.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel eschatological judgment of fire and plague upon those who fought against Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct parallel condemning those eating swine's flesh and abominable things in idolatrous gardens.
Supported by JFB