1 Kings8
New International Version
1Then King Solomon summoned into his presence at Jerusalem the elders of Israel, all the heads of the tribes and the chiefs of the Israelite families, to bring up the ark of the Lord’s covenant from Zion, the City of David.
2All the Israelites came together to King Solomon at the time of the festival in the month of Ethanim, the seventh month.
3When all the elders of Israel had arrived, the priests took up the ark,
4and they brought up the ark of the Lord and the tent of meeting and all the sacred furnishings in it. The priests and Levites carried them up,
5and King Solomon and the entire assembly of Israel that had gathered about him were before the ark, sacrificing so many sheep and cattle that they could not be recorded or counted.
6The priests then brought the ark of the Lord’s covenant to its place in the inner sanctuary of the temple, the Most Holy Place, and put it beneath the wings of the cherubim.
7The cherubim spread their wings over the place of the ark and overshadowed the ark and its carrying poles.
8These poles were so long that their ends could be seen from the Holy Place in front of the inner sanctuary, but not from outside the Holy Place; and they are still there today.
9There was nothing in the ark except the two stone tablets that Moses had placed in it at Horeb, where the Lord made a covenant with the Israelites after they came out of Egypt.
10When the priests withdrew from the Holy Place, the cloud filled the temple of the Lord.
11And the priests could not perform their service because of the cloud, for the glory of the Lord filled his temple.
12Then Solomon said, “The Lord has said that he would dwell in a dark cloud;
13I have indeed built a magnificent temple for you, a place for you to dwell forever.”
14While the whole assembly of Israel was standing there, the king turned around and blessed them.
15Then he said: “Praise be to the Lord, the God of Israel, who with his own hand has fulfilled what he promised with his own mouth to my father David. For he said,
16‘Since the day I brought my people Israel out of Egypt, I have not chosen a city in any tribe of Israel to have a temple built so that my Name might be there, but I have chosen David to rule my people Israel.’
17“My father David had it in his heart to build a temple for the Name of the Lord, the God of Israel.
18But the Lord said to my father David, ‘You did well to have it in your heart to build a temple for my Name.
19Nevertheless, you are not the one to build the temple, but your son, your own flesh and blood—he is the one who will build the temple for my Name.’
20“The Lord has kept the promise he made: I have succeeded David my father and now I sit on the throne of Israel, just as the Lord promised, and I have built the temple for the Name of the Lord, the God of Israel.
21I have provided a place there for the ark, in which is the covenant of the Lord that he made with our ancestors when he brought them out of Egypt.”
22Then Solomon stood before the altar of the Lord in front of the whole assembly of Israel, spread out his hands toward heaven
23and said: “Lord, the God of Israel, there is no God like you in heaven above or on earth below—you who keep your covenant of love with your servants who continue wholeheartedly in your way.
24You have kept your promise to your servant David my father; with your mouth you have promised and with your hand you have fulfilled it—as it is today.
25“Now Lord, the God of Israel, keep for your servant David my father the promises you made to him when you said, ‘You shall never fail to have a successor to sit before me on the throne of Israel, if only your descendants are careful in all they do to walk before me faithfully as you have done.’
26And now, God of Israel, let your word that you promised your servant David my father come true.
27“But will God really dwell on earth? The heavens, even the highest heaven, cannot contain you. How much less this temple I have built!
28Yet give attention to your servant’s prayer and his plea for mercy, Lord my God. Hear the cry and the prayer that your servant is praying in your presence this day.
29May your eyes be open toward this temple night and day, this place of which you said, ‘My Name shall be there,’ so that you will hear the prayer your servant prays toward this place.
30Hear the supplication of your servant and of your people Israel when they pray toward this place. Hear from heaven, your dwelling place, and when you hear, forgive.
31“When anyone wrongs their neighbor and is required to take an oath and they come and swear the oath before your altar in this temple,
32then hear from heaven and act. Judge between your servants, condemning the guilty by bringing down on their heads what they have done, and vindicating the innocent by treating them in accordance with their innocence.
33“When your people Israel have been defeated by an enemy because they have sinned against you, and when they turn back to you and give praise to your name, praying and making supplication to you in this temple,
34then hear from heaven and forgive the sin of your people Israel and bring them back to the land you gave to their ancestors.
35“When the heavens are shut up and there is no rain because your people have sinned against you, and when they pray toward this place and give praise to your name and turn from their sin because you have afflicted them,
36then hear from heaven and forgive the sin of your servants, your people Israel. Teach them the right way to live, and send rain on the land you gave your people for an inheritance.
37“When famine or plague comes to the land, or blight or mildew, locusts or grasshoppers, or when an enemy besieges them in any of their cities, whatever disaster or disease may come,
38and when a prayer or plea is made by anyone among your people Israel—being aware of the afflictions of their own hearts, and spreading out their hands toward this temple—
39then hear from heaven, your dwelling place. Forgive and act; deal with everyone according to all they do, since you know their hearts (for you alone know every human heart),
40so that they will fear you all the time they live in the land you gave our ancestors.
41“As for the foreigner who does not belong to your people Israel but has come from a distant land because of your name—
42for they will hear of your great name and your mighty hand and your outstretched arm—when they come and pray toward this temple,
43then hear from heaven, your dwelling place. Do whatever the foreigner asks of you, so that all the peoples of the earth may know your name and fear you, as do your own people Israel, and may know that this house I have built bears your Name.
44“When your people go to war against their enemies, wherever you send them, and when they pray to the Lord toward the city you have chosen and the temple I have built for your Name,
45then hear from heaven their prayer and their plea, and uphold their cause.
46“When they sin against you—for there is no one who does not sin—and you become angry with them and give them over to their enemies, who take them captive to their own lands, far away or near;
47and if they have a change of heart in the land where they are held captive, and repent and plead with you in the land of their captors and say, ‘We have sinned, we have done wrong, we have acted wickedly’;
48and if they turn back to you with all their heart and soul in the land of their enemies who took them captive, and pray to you toward the land you gave their ancestors, toward the city you have chosen and the temple I have built for your Name;
49then from heaven, your dwelling place, hear their prayer and their plea, and uphold their cause.
50And forgive your people, who have sinned against you; forgive all the offenses they have committed against you, and cause their captors to show them mercy;
51for they are your people and your inheritance, whom you brought out of Egypt, out of that iron-smelting furnace.
52“May your eyes be open to your servant’s plea and to the plea of your people Israel, and may you listen to them whenever they cry out to you.
53For you singled them out from all the nations of the world to be your own inheritance, just as you declared through your servant Moses when you, Sovereign Lord, brought our ancestors out of Egypt.”
54When Solomon had finished all these prayers and supplications to the Lord, he rose from before the altar of the Lord, where he had been kneeling with his hands spread out toward heaven.
55He stood and blessed the whole assembly of Israel in a loud voice, saying:
56“Praise be to the Lord, who has given rest to his people Israel just as he promised. Not one word has failed of all the good promises he gave through his servant Moses.
57May the Lord our God be with us as he was with our ancestors; may he never leave us nor forsake us.
58May he turn our hearts to him, to walk in obedience to him and keep the commands, decrees and laws he gave our ancestors.
59And may these words of mine, which I have prayed before the Lord, be near to the Lord our God day and night, that he may uphold the cause of his servant and the cause of his people Israel according to each day’s need,
60so that all the peoples of the earth may know that the Lord is God and that there is no other.
61And may your hearts be fully committed to the Lord our God, to live by his decrees and obey his commands, as at this time.”
62Then the king and all Israel with him offered sacrifices before the Lord.
63Solomon offered a sacrifice of fellowship offerings to the Lord: twenty-two thousand cattle and a hundred and twenty thousand sheep and goats. So the king and all the Israelites dedicated the temple of the Lord.
64On that same day the king consecrated the middle part of the courtyard in front of the temple of the Lord, and there he offered burnt offerings, grain offerings and the fat of the fellowship offerings, because the bronze altar that stood before the Lord was too small to hold the burnt offerings, the grain offerings and the fat of the fellowship offerings.
65So Solomon observed the festival at that time, and all Israel with him—a vast assembly, people from Lebo Hamath to the Wadi of Egypt. They celebrated it before the Lord our God for seven days and seven days more, fourteen days in all.
66On the following day he sent the people away. They blessed the king and then went home, joyful and glad in heart for all the good things the Lord had done for his servant David and his people Israel.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 8.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The dedication of the temple. (1–11). The occasion. (12–21). Solomon's prayer. (22–53). His blessing and exhortation. (54–61). Solomon's peace-offerings. (62–66).
vv1-11
The bringing in the ark, is the end which must crown the work: this was done with great solemnity. The ark was fixed in the place appointed for its rest in the inner part of the house, whence they expected God to speak to them, even in the most holy place. The staves of the ark were drawn out, so as to direct the high priest to the mercy-seat over the ark, when he went in, once a year, to sprinkle the blood there; so that they continued of use, though there was no longer occasion to carry it by them. The glory of God appearing in a cloud may signify, 1. The darkness of that dispensation, in comparison with the light of the gospel, by which, with open face, we behold, as in a glass, the glory of the Lord. 2. The darkness of our present state, in comparison with the sight of God, which will be the happiness of heaven, where the Divine glory is unveiled.
vv12-21
Solomon encouraged the priests, who were much astonished at the dark cloud. The dark dispensations of Providence should quicken us in fleeing for refuge to the hope of the gospel. Nothing can more reconcile us to them, than to consider what God has said, and to compare his word and works together. Whatever good we do, we must look on it as the performance of God's promise to us, not of our promises to him.
vv22-53
In this excellent prayer, Solomon does as we should do in every prayer; he gives glory to God. Fresh experiences of the truth of God's promises call for larger praises. He sues for grace and favour from God. The experiences we have of God's performing his promises, should encourage us to depend upon them, and to plead them with him; and those who expect further mercies, must be thankful for former mercies. God's promises must be the guide of our desires, and the ground of our hopes and expectations in prayer. The sacrifices, the incense, and the whole service of the temple, were all typical of the Redeemer's offices, oblation, and intercession. The temple, therefore, was continually to be remembered. Under one word, “forgive,” Solomon expressed all that he could ask in behalf of his people. For, as all misery springs from sin, forgiveness of sin prepares the way for the removal of every evil, and the receiving of every good. Without it, no deliverance can prove a blessing. In addition to the teaching of the word of God, Solomon entreated the Lord himself to teach the people to profit by all, even by their chastisements. They shall know every man the plague of his own heart, what it is that pains him; and shall spread their hands in prayer toward this house; whether the trouble be of body or mind, they shall represent it before God. Inward burdens seem especially meant. Sin is the plague of our own hearts; our in-dwelling corruptions are our spiritual diseases: every true Israelite endeavours to know these, that he may mortify them, and watch against the risings of them. These drive him to his knees; lamenting these, he spreads forth his hands in prayer. After many particulars, Solomon concludes with the general request, that God would hearken to his praying people. No place, now, under the gospel, can add to the prayers made in or towards it. The substance is Christ; whatever we ask in his name, it shall be given us. In this manner the Israel of God is established and sanctified, the backslider is recovered and healed. In this manner the stranger is brought nigh, the mourner is comforted, the name of God is glorified. Sin is the cause of all our troubles; repentance and forgiveness lead to all human happiness.
Key Words
שְׁלֹמֹה: Shelomah, David's successor
קָהַל: to convoke
זָקֵן: old
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
רֹאשׁ: the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
מַטֶּה: a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread)
נָשִׂיא: properly, an exalted one, i.e. a king or sheik; also a rising mist
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
מֶלֶךְ: a king
Cross References
1 Kings 8Parallel account of Solomon assembling the leaders and bringing up the ark to the temple.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account of Solomon standing before the altar on the brazen scaffold.
Supported by JFB
Direct verbal parallel to Egypt described as the 'iron furnace' (furnace of iron).
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel account describing Solomon's feast and the assembly from Hamath to the river of Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel account of the dismissal on the eighth day, and the people returning joyful to their tents.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Discusses the contents of the ark, contrasting the tables of stone with other sacred items.
Supported by JFB
The glory cloud filling the tabernacle, serving as the prototype for the temple's dedication.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel account of Solomon's address regarding God's choice of David and Jerusalem.
Supported by JFB
The direct Davidic covenant promise which Solomon praises God for fulfilling with His hand.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The exact parallel questioning if God will indeed dwell on the earth.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
God's promise to choose a place to cause His name to dwell there.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallels the universal human condition stated by Solomon: 'there is no man that sinneth not.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Daniel prays toward Jerusalem and the temple in exile, executing Solomon's precise directive.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Directly records the historical fulfillment of Solomon's prayer for captors to show his people compassion.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallel account of the massive sacrifices of oxen and sheep offered by the king and people.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel details showing Solomon hallowing the middle of the court because the brass altar was too small.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identical description of the priests placing the ark under the wings of the cherubim.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic command that the staves must remain in the rings of the ark.
Supported by JFB
God's declaration that He will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat.
Supported by JFB
The original Davidic covenant promise that David's seed would build the temple.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic law concerning oaths and trespasses brought before God for judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Mosaic covenant curse of being smitten before enemies due to disobedience.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Covenant curse of shutting up heaven and stopping rain due to sin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Reinforces that God alone looks on the heart, not outward appearances.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Mosaic covenant foundation for confession, repentance, and remembrance of the covenant in exile.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic promise of repentance ('bethink themselves') and return while captive in foreign lands.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Provides structural context that Solomon prayed from a custom brazen scaffold.
Supported by JFB
Echoes Joshua's declaration that not one word of God's good promises has failed.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Tragic contrast showing that Solomon's heart was not 'perfect' with God in his old age.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Mosaic law establishing the Feast of Tabernacles, which was observed during this celebration.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Law governing the Levites bearing the ark, modified here for the priests.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Moses putting the tables of the covenant into the ark at Horeb.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Moses was unable to enter the tabernacle when the glory filled it.
Supported by JFB
Parallel record of Solomon's statement that God would dwell in thick darkness.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God's declaration of Zion as His resting place forever.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David's initial desire to build a permanent house for God's ark.
Supported by Matthew Poole