Numbers4
New International Version
1The Lord said to Moses and Aaron:
2“Take a census of the Kohathite branch of the Levites by their clans and families.
3Count all the men from thirty to fifty years of age who come to serve in the work at the tent of meeting.
4“This is the work of the Kohathites at the tent of meeting: the care of the most holy things.
5When the camp is to move, Aaron and his sons are to go in and take down the shielding curtain and put it over the ark of the covenant law.
6Then they are to cover the curtain with a durable leather, spread a cloth of solid blue over that and put the poles in place.
7“Over the table of the Presence they are to spread a blue cloth and put on it the plates, dishes and bowls, and the jars for drink offerings; the bread that is continually there is to remain on it.
8They are to spread a scarlet cloth over them, cover that with the durable leather and put the poles in place.
9“They are to take a blue cloth and cover the lampstand that is for light, together with its lamps, its wick trimmers and trays, and all its jars for the olive oil used to supply it.
10Then they are to wrap it and all its accessories in a covering of the durable leather and put it on a carrying frame.
11“Over the gold altar they are to spread a blue cloth and cover that with the durable leather and put the poles in place.
12“They are to take all the articles used for ministering in the sanctuary, wrap them in a blue cloth, cover that with the durable leather and put them on a carrying frame.
13“They are to remove the ashes from the bronze altar and spread a purple cloth over it.
14Then they are to place on it all the utensils used for ministering at the altar, including the firepans, meat forks, shovels and sprinkling bowls. Over it they are to spread a covering of the durable leather and put the poles in place.
15“After Aaron and his sons have finished covering the holy furnishings and all the holy articles, and when the camp is ready to move, only then are the Kohathites to come and do the carrying. But they must not touch the holy things or they will die. The Kohathites are to carry those things that are in the tent of meeting.
16“Eleazar son of Aaron, the priest, is to have charge of the oil for the light, the fragrant incense, the regular grain offering and the anointing oil. He is to be in charge of the entire tabernacle and everything in it, including its holy furnishings and articles.”
17The Lord said to Moses and Aaron,
18“See that the Kohathite tribal clans are not destroyed from among the Levites.
19So that they may live and not die when they come near the most holy things, do this for them: Aaron and his sons are to go into the sanctuary and assign to each man his work and what he is to carry.
20But the Kohathites must not go in to look at the holy things, even for a moment, or they will die.”
21The Lord said to Moses,
22“Take a census also of the Gershonites by their families and clans.
23Count all the men from thirty to fifty years of age who come to serve in the work at the tent of meeting.
24“This is the service of the Gershonite clans in their carrying and their other work:
25They are to carry the curtains of the tabernacle, that is, the tent of meeting, its covering and its outer covering of durable leather, the curtains for the entrance to the tent of meeting,
26the curtains of the courtyard surrounding the tabernacle and altar, the curtain for the entrance to the courtyard, the ropes and all the equipment used in the service of the tent. The Gershonites are to do all that needs to be done with these things.
27All their service, whether carrying or doing other work, is to be done under the direction of Aaron and his sons. You shall assign to them as their responsibility all they are to carry.
28This is the service of the Gershonite clans at the tent of meeting. Their duties are to be under the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron, the priest.
29“Count the Merarites by their clans and families.
30Count all the men from thirty to fifty years of age who come to serve in the work at the tent of meeting.
31As part of all their service at the tent, they are to carry the frames of the tabernacle, its crossbars, posts and bases,
32as well as the posts of the surrounding courtyard with their bases, tent pegs, ropes, all their equipment and everything related to their use. Assign to each man the specific things he is to carry.
33This is the service of the Merarite clans as they work at the tent of meeting under the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron, the priest.”
34Moses, Aaron and the leaders of the community counted the Kohathites by their clans and families.
35All the men from thirty to fifty years of age who came to serve in the work at the tent of meeting,
36counted by clans, were 2,750.
37This was the total of all those in the Kohathite clans who served at the tent of meeting. Moses and Aaron counted them according to the Lord’s command through Moses.
38The Gershonites were counted by their clans and families.
39All the men from thirty to fifty years of age who came to serve in the work at the tent of meeting,
40counted by their clans and families, were 2,630.
41This was the total of those in the Gershonite clans who served at the tent of meeting. Moses and Aaron counted them according to the Lord’s command.
42The Merarites were counted by their clans and families.
43All the men from thirty to fifty years of age who came to serve in the work at the tent of meeting,
44counted by their clans, were 3,200.
45This was the total of those in the Merarite clans. Moses and Aaron counted them according to the Lord’s command through Moses.
46So Moses, Aaron and the leaders of Israel counted all the Levites by their clans and families.
47All the men from thirty to fifty years of age who came to do the work of serving and carrying the tent of meeting
48numbered 8,580.
49At the Lord’s command through Moses, each was assigned his work and told what to carry. Thus they were counted, as the Lord commanded Moses.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Levites' service. (1–3). The duties of the Kohathites. (4–20). The duties of the Gershonites and Merarites. (21–33). The numbers of the serviceable Levites. (34–49).
vv1-3
The middle-aged men of the tribe of Levi, all from thirty years old to fifty, were to be employed in the service of the tabernacle. The service of God requires the best of our strength, and the prime portion of our time, which cannot be better spent than to the honour of Him who is the First and Best. And the service of God should be done when we are most lively and active. Those do not consider this who put off repentance to old age, and so leave the best work to be done in the worst time.
vv4-20
The Kohathites were to carry the holy things of the tabernacle. All the holy things were to be covered; not only for security and respect, but to keep them from being seen. This not only marked the reverence due to holy things, but the mystery of the things signified by those types, and the darkness of the dispensation. But now, through Christ, the case is altered, and we are encouraged to come boldly to the throne of grace.
vv21-33
We have here the charge of the other two families of the Levites, which, though not so honourable as the first, yet was necessary, and to be done regularly. All the things were delivered them by name. It intimates the care God takes of his church and every member of it. The death of the saints is represented as the taking down of the tabernacle, 2Co 5:1, and the putting it off, 2Pe 1:14. All shall be raised up in the great day, when these vile bodies shall be made like the glorious body of Jesus Christ, and so shall be for ever with the Lord.
Key Words
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
אַהֲרוֹן: Aharon, the brother of Moses
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
נָשָׂא: to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
רֹאשׁ: the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
קְהָת: Kehath, an Israelite
תָּוֶךְ: a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre
לֵוִי: Levi, a son of Jacob
Cross References
Numbers 4Compares Levite service age starting at 25 for training versus 30 for full carriage duties.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The age of thirty for entering full tabernacle service matches Christ entering His public ministry.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates the deadly judgment for looking into or touching holy things without authorization.
Supported by JFB
Historical example of Uzzah dying after touching the Ark of the Covenant contrary to God's command.
Supported by JFB
Details the dividing veil used to cover the Ark of Testimony.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Examines the placement and handling of the Ark's golden staves during transport.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Confirms the Kohathites had no carts; they carried the sanctuary items directly on their shoulders.
Supported by JFB
David later altered the service age to twenty due to temple work demands.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes the commandment for the showbread to be set on the table continually.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Reiterates the strict death penalty for unauthorized Levites approaching holy vessels.
Supported by JFB
Warns priests to supervise Kohathites properly so they do not see holy things and die.
Supported by JFB
Spiritualizes the taking down of tabernacle curtains as the temporary dissolution of our earthly bodies.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Shows Ithamar superintending the metal work and counting of materials under Aaron.
Supported by JFB