Numbers 18NIV
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Numbers18

New International Version

1The Lord said to Aaron, “You, your sons and your family are to bear the responsibility for offenses connected with the sanctuary, and you and your sons alone are to bear the responsibility for offenses connected with the priesthood.

2Bring your fellow Levites from your ancestral tribe to join you and assist you when you and your sons minister before the tent of the covenant law.

3They are to be responsible to you and are to perform all the duties of the tent, but they must not go near the furnishings of the sanctuary or the altar. Otherwise both they and you will die.

4They are to join you and be responsible for the care of the tent of meeting—all the work at the tent—and no one else may come near where you are.

5“You are to be responsible for the care of the sanctuary and the altar, so that my wrath will not fall on the Israelites again.

6I myself have selected your fellow Levites from among the Israelites as a gift to you, dedicated to the Lord to do the work at the tent of meeting.

7But only you and your sons may serve as priests in connection with everything at the altar and inside the curtain. I am giving you the service of the priesthood as a gift. Anyone else who comes near the sanctuary is to be put to death.”

8Then the Lord said to Aaron, “I myself have put you in charge of the offerings presented to me; all the holy offerings the Israelites give me I give to you and your sons as your portion, your perpetual share.

9You are to have the part of the most holy offerings that is kept from the fire. From all the gifts they bring me as most holy offerings, whether grain or sin or guilt offerings, that part belongs to you and your sons.

10Eat it as something most holy; every male shall eat it. You must regard it as holy.

11“This also is yours: whatever is set aside from the gifts of all the wave offerings of the Israelites. I give this to you and your sons and daughters as your perpetual share. Everyone in your household who is ceremonially clean may eat it.

12“I give you all the finest olive oil and all the finest new wine and grain they give the Lord as the firstfruits of their harvest.

13All the land’s firstfruits that they bring to the Lord will be yours. Everyone in your household who is ceremonially clean may eat it.

14“Everything in Israel that is devoted to the Lord is yours.

15The first offspring of every womb, both human and animal, that is offered to the Lord is yours. But you must redeem every firstborn son and every firstborn male of unclean animals.

16When they are a month old, you must redeem them at the redemption price set at five shekels of silver, according to the sanctuary shekel, which weighs twenty gerahs.

17“But you must not redeem the firstborn of a cow, a sheep or a goat; they are holy. Splash their blood against the altar and burn their fat as a food offering, an aroma pleasing to the Lord.

18Their meat is to be yours, just as the breast of the wave offering and the right thigh are yours.

19Whatever is set aside from the holy offerings the Israelites present to the Lord I give to you and your sons and daughters as your perpetual share. It is an everlasting covenant of salt before the Lord for both you and your offspring.”

20The Lord said to Aaron, “You will have no inheritance in their land, nor will you have any share among them; I am your share and your inheritance among the Israelites.

21“I give to the Levites all the tithes in Israel as their inheritance in return for the work they do while serving at the tent of meeting.

22From now on the Israelites must not go near the tent of meeting, or they will bear the consequences of their sin and will die.

23It is the Levites who are to do the work at the tent of meeting and bear the responsibility for any offenses they commit against it. This is a lasting ordinance for the generations to come. They will receive no inheritance among the Israelites.

24Instead, I give to the Levites as their inheritance the tithes that the Israelites present as an offering to the Lord. That is why I said concerning them: ‘They will have no inheritance among the Israelites.’”

25The Lord said to Moses,

26“Speak to the Levites and say to them: ‘When you receive from the Israelites the tithe I give you as your inheritance, you must present a tenth of that tithe as the Lord’s offering.

27Your offering will be reckoned to you as grain from the threshing floor or juice from the winepress.

28In this way you also will present an offering to the Lord from all the tithes you receive from the Israelites. From these tithes you must give the Lord’s portion to Aaron the priest.

29You must present as the Lord’s portion the best and holiest part of everything given to you.’

30“Say to the Levites: ‘When you present the best part, it will be reckoned to you as the product of the threshing floor or the winepress.

31You and your households may eat the rest of it anywhere, for it is your wages for your work at the tent of meeting.

32By presenting the best part of it you will not be guilty in this matter; then you will not defile the holy offerings of the Israelites, and you will not die.’”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 18.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The charge of the priests and Levites. (1–7). The priests' portion. (8–19). The Levites' portion. (20–32).

vv1-7

The people complained of their difficulty and peril in drawing near to God. God here gives them to understand, that the priests should come near for them. Aaron would see reason not to be proud of his preferment, when he considered the great care and charge upon him. Be not high-minded, but fear. The greater the trust of work and power that is committed to us, the greater danger there is of betraying that trust. This is a good reason why we should neither envy others' honours, nor desire high places.

vv8-19

All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, not diverted from it, or disturbed in it, by worldly care or business. Also, that they might be examples of living by faith, not only in God's providence, but in his ordinances. The best should be offered for the first-fruits unto the Lord. Those who think to save, by putting God off with the refuse, deceive themselves, for God is not mocked.

vv20-32

As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. See, in verse 31, the way to have comfort in all our worldly possessions, so as to bear no sin by reason of them. 1. We must be sure that what we have is got honestly and in the service of God. That meat is best eaten which is first earned; but if any will not work, neither shall he eat, 2Th 3:10. 2. We must be sure that God has his dues out of it. We have the comfort of our substance, when we have honoured the Lord with it. Ye shall bear no sin by reason of it, when ye have heaved the best from it. We should give alms of such things as we have, that all may be holy and comfortable to us.

Cross References

Numbers 18

Deuteronomy reiterates that Aaron and the Levites have no inheritance; the Lord is their portion.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v19Leviticus 2:13thematic

Explains the significance of the 'covenant of salt' as an enduring, incorruptible pledge using salt in sacrifices.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

Paul cites temple service support to establish that gospel ministers have a right to live by the gospel.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Directly answers the people's terrified cry about dying when drawing near the tabernacle.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Exodus 28:38thematic

Parallel duty where Aaron bears the iniquity of the holy things, prefiguring Christ's mediatorial work.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Specific laws defining the wave breast and heave shoulder as the priests' portion of peace offerings.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

Establishes the fundamental law of tithes in Israel, which God here assigns to the Levites.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v2Genesis 29:34allusion

Verbal play on the name Levi (meaning 'joined'), indicating they are joined to assist Aaron.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Numbers 3:6-9thematic

The original appointment of the Levites as a gift to minister to Aaron.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Exodus 13:2thematic

The foundational law requiring the consecration and redemption of the firstborn of man and beast.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v16Numbers 3:47thematic

Specifies five shekels as the standard redemption price, matched to the sanctuary shekel.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v21Hebrews 7:5thematic

The New Testament commentary on the sons of Levi receiving tithes from their brethren.

Supported by John Calvin

Defines who is clean and part of the priest's household to eat the holy things.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v20Ezekiel 44:28thematic

Prophetic renewal of the decree that God is the sole inheritance of the priesthood.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v26Nehemiah 10:38thematic

Historical practice of Levites giving a tenth of the tithe to the house of God.

Supported by JFB