Numbers 18NKJV
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Numbers18

New King James Version

1Then the Lord said to Aaron: “You and your sons and your father’s house with you shall bear the iniquity related to the sanctuary, and you and your sons with you shall bear the iniquity associated with your priesthood.

2Also bring with you your brethren of the tribe of Levi, the tribe of your father, that they may be joined with you and serve you while you and your sons are with you before the tabernacle of witness.

3They shall attend to your needs and all the needs of the tabernacle; but they shall not come near the articles of the sanctuary and the altar, lest they die—they and you also.

4They shall be joined with you and attend to the needs of the tabernacle of meeting, for all the work of the tabernacle; but an outsider shall not come near you.

5And you shall attend to the duties of the sanctuary and the duties of the altar, that there may be no more wrath on the children of Israel.

6Behold, I Myself have taken your brethren the Levites from among the children of Israel; they are a gift to you, given by the Lord, to do the work of the tabernacle of meeting.

7Therefore you and your sons with you shall attend to your priesthood for everything at the altar and behind the veil; and you shall serve. I give your priesthood to you as a gift for service, but the outsider who comes near shall be put to death.”

8And the Lord spoke to Aaron: “Here, I Myself have also given you charge of My heave offerings, all the holy gifts of the children of Israel; I have given them as a portion to you and your sons, as an ordinance forever.

9This shall be yours of the most holy things reserved from the fire: every offering of theirs, every grain offering and every sin offering and every trespass offering which they render to Me, shall be most holy for you and your sons.

10In a most holy place you shall eat it; every male shall eat it. It shall be holy to you.

11“This also is yours: the heave offering of their gift, with all the wave offerings of the children of Israel; I have given them to you, and your sons and daughters with you, as an ordinance forever. Everyone who is clean in your house may eat it.

12“All the best of the oil, all the best of the new wine and the grain, their firstfruits which they offer to the Lord, I have given them to you.

13Whatever first ripe fruit is in their land, which they bring to the Lord, shall be yours. Everyone who is clean in your house may eat it.

14“Every devoted thing in Israel shall be yours.

15“Everything that first opens the womb of all flesh, which they bring to the Lord, whether man or beast, shall be yours; nevertheless the firstborn of man you shall surely redeem, and the firstborn of unclean animals you shall redeem.

16And those redeemed of the devoted things you shall redeem when one month old, according to your valuation, for five shekels of silver, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, which is twenty gerahs.

17But the firstborn of a cow, the firstborn of a sheep, or the firstborn of a goat you shall not redeem; they are holy. You shall sprinkle their blood on the altar, and burn their fat as an offering made by fire for a sweet aroma to the Lord.

18And their flesh shall be yours, just as the wave breast and the right thigh are yours.

19“All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer to the Lord, I have given to you and your sons and daughters with you as an ordinance forever; it is a covenant of salt forever before the Lord with you and your descendants with you.”

20Then the Lord said to Aaron: “You shall have no inheritance in their land, nor shall you have any portion among them; I am your portion and your inheritance among the children of Israel.

21“Behold, I have given the children of Levi all the tithes in Israel as an inheritance in return for the work which they perform, the work of the tabernacle of meeting.

22Hereafter the children of Israel shall not come near the tabernacle of meeting, lest they bear sin and die.

23But the Levites shall perform the work of the tabernacle of meeting, and they shall bear their iniquity; it shall be a statute forever, throughout your generations, that among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.

24For the tithes of the children of Israel, which they offer up as a heave offering to the Lord, I have given to the Levites as an inheritance; therefore I have said to them, ‘Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.’ ”

25Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,

26“Speak thus to the Levites, and say to them: ‘When you take from the children of Israel the tithes which I have given you from them as your inheritance, then you shall offer up a heave offering of it to the Lord, a tenth of the tithe.

27And your heave offering shall be reckoned to you as though it were the grain of the threshing floor and as the fullness of the winepress.

28Thus you shall also offer a heave offering to the Lord from all your tithes which you receive from the children of Israel, and you shall give the Lord’s heave offering from it to Aaron the priest.

29Of all your gifts you shall offer up every heave offering due to the Lord, from all the best of them, the consecrated part of them.’

30Therefore you shall say to them: ‘When you have lifted up the best of it, then the rest shall be accounted to the Levites as the produce of the threshing floor and as the produce of the winepress.

31You may eat it in any place, you and your households, for it is your reward for your work in the tabernacle of meeting.

32And you shall bear no sin because of it, when you have lifted up the best of it. But you shall not profane the holy gifts of the children of Israel, lest you die.’ ”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 18.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The charge of the priests and Levites. (1–7). The priests' portion. (8–19). The Levites' portion. (20–32).

vv1-7

The people complained of their difficulty and peril in drawing near to God. God here gives them to understand, that the priests should come near for them. Aaron would see reason not to be proud of his preferment, when he considered the great care and charge upon him. Be not high-minded, but fear. The greater the trust of work and power that is committed to us, the greater danger there is of betraying that trust. This is a good reason why we should neither envy others' honours, nor desire high places.

vv8-19

All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, not diverted from it, or disturbed in it, by worldly care or business. Also, that they might be examples of living by faith, not only in God's providence, but in his ordinances. The best should be offered for the first-fruits unto the Lord. Those who think to save, by putting God off with the refuse, deceive themselves, for God is not mocked.

vv20-32

As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. See, in verse 31, the way to have comfort in all our worldly possessions, so as to bear no sin by reason of them. 1. We must be sure that what we have is got honestly and in the service of God. That meat is best eaten which is first earned; but if any will not work, neither shall he eat, 2Th 3:10. 2. We must be sure that God has his dues out of it. We have the comfort of our substance, when we have honoured the Lord with it. Ye shall bear no sin by reason of it, when ye have heaved the best from it. We should give alms of such things as we have, that all may be holy and comfortable to us.

Cross References

Numbers 18

Deuteronomy reiterates that Aaron and the Levites have no inheritance; the Lord is their portion.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v19Leviticus 2:13thematic

Explains the significance of the 'covenant of salt' as an enduring, incorruptible pledge using salt in sacrifices.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

Paul cites temple service support to establish that gospel ministers have a right to live by the gospel.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Directly answers the people's terrified cry about dying when drawing near the tabernacle.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Exodus 28:38thematic

Parallel duty where Aaron bears the iniquity of the holy things, prefiguring Christ's mediatorial work.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Specific laws defining the wave breast and heave shoulder as the priests' portion of peace offerings.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

Establishes the fundamental law of tithes in Israel, which God here assigns to the Levites.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v2Genesis 29:34allusion

Verbal play on the name Levi (meaning 'joined'), indicating they are joined to assist Aaron.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Numbers 3:6-9thematic

The original appointment of the Levites as a gift to minister to Aaron.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Exodus 13:2thematic

The foundational law requiring the consecration and redemption of the firstborn of man and beast.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v16Numbers 3:47thematic

Specifies five shekels as the standard redemption price, matched to the sanctuary shekel.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v21Hebrews 7:5thematic

The New Testament commentary on the sons of Levi receiving tithes from their brethren.

Supported by John Calvin

Defines who is clean and part of the priest's household to eat the holy things.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v20Ezekiel 44:28thematic

Prophetic renewal of the decree that God is the sole inheritance of the priesthood.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v26Nehemiah 10:38thematic

Historical practice of Levites giving a tenth of the tithe to the house of God.

Supported by JFB