Numbers 18NASB
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Numbers18

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1So the Lord said to Aaron, “You, your sons, and your father’s household with you shall bear the guilt in connection with the sanctuary, and you and your sons with you shall bear the guilt in connection with your priesthood.

2But also bring your brothers with you, the tribe of Levi, the tribe of your father, so that they may join you and serve you, while you and your sons with you are before the tent of the testimony.

3And they shall perform duties for you and the duties of the whole tent, but they shall not come near the furnishings of the sanctuary and the altar, or both they and you will die.

4They shall join you and perform the duties of the tent of meeting, for all the service of the tent; but an unauthorized person shall not come near you.

5So you shall perform the duties of the sanctuary and the duties of the altar, so that there will no longer be wrath on the sons of Israel.

6Behold, I Myself have taken your fellow Levites from among the sons of Israel; they are a gift to you, dedicated to the Lord, to perform the service for the tent of meeting.

7But you and your sons with you shall attend to your priesthood for everything that concerns the altar and inside the veil, and you are to perform service. I am giving you the priesthood as a service that is a gift, and the unauthorized person who comes near shall be put to death.”

8Then the Lord spoke to Aaron, “Now behold, I Myself have put you in charge of My offerings, all the holy gifts of the sons of Israel I have given to you as a portion and to your sons as a permanent allotment.

9This shall be yours from the most holy gifts reserved from the fire; every offering of theirs, namely every grain offering, every sin offering, and every guilt offering, with which they shall make restitution to Me, shall be most holy for you and for your sons.

10As the most holy gifts you shall eat it; every male shall eat it. It shall be holy to you.

11This also is yours, the offering of their gift, that is, all the wave offerings of the sons of Israel; I have given them to you and to your sons and daughters with you as a permanent allotment. Everyone of your household who is clean may eat it.

12All the best of the fresh oil and all the best of the fresh wine and of the grain, the first fruits of what they give to the Lord, I have given them to you.

13The first ripe fruits of all that is in their land, which they bring to the Lord, shall be yours; everyone of your household who is clean may eat it.

14Everything banned from secular use in Israel shall be yours.

15Every firstborn of the womb of all flesh, whether human or animal, which they offer to the Lord, shall be yours; however you must redeem the human firstborn, and the firstborn of unclean animals you shall redeem.

16As to their redemption price, from a month old you shall redeem them, by your assessment, five shekels in silver by the shekel of the sanctuary, which is twenty gerahs.

17But the firstborn of an ox, the firstborn of a sheep, or the firstborn of a goat, you shall not redeem; they are holy. You shall sprinkle their blood on the altar and offer up their fat in smoke as an offering by fire, for a soothing aroma to the Lord.

18However, their meat shall be yours; it shall be yours like the breast of a wave offering and like the right thigh.

19All the offerings of the holy gifts, which the sons of Israel offer to the Lord, I have given to you and your sons and your daughters with you, as a permanent allotment. It is a permanent covenant of salt before the Lord to you and your descendants with you.”

20Then the Lord said to Aaron, “You shall have no inheritance in their land nor own any portion among them; I am your portion and your inheritance among the sons of Israel.

21“To the sons of Levi, behold, I have given all the tithe in Israel as an inheritance, in return for their service which they perform, the service of the tent of meeting.

22And the sons of Israel shall not come near the tent of meeting again, or they will bring sin on themselves and die.

23Only the Levites shall perform the service of the tent of meeting, and they shall bear their own guilt; it shall be a permanent statute throughout your generations, and among the sons of Israel they shall have no inheritance.

24For the tithe of the sons of Israel, which they offer as an offering to the Lord, I have given to the Levites as an inheritance; therefore I have said concerning them, ‘They shall have no inheritance among the sons of Israel.’”

25Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,

26“Moreover, you shall speak to the Levites and say to them, ‘When you take from the sons of Israel the tithe which I have given you from them for your inheritance, then you shall present an offering from it to the Lord, a tithe of the tithe.

27Your offering shall be credited to you like the grain from the threshing floor or the full produce from the wine vat.

28So you shall also present an offering to the Lord from all your tithes, which you receive from the sons of Israel; and from it you shall give the Lord’s offering to Aaron the priest.

29Out of all your gifts you shall present every offering due to the Lord, from all the best of them, the sacred part from them.’

30And you shall say to them, ‘When you have offered from it the best of it, then the rest shall be credited to the Levites like the product of the threshing floor, and like the product of the wine vat.

31You may eat it anywhere, you and your households, for it is your compensation in return for your service in the tent of meeting.

32And you will bring on yourselves no sin by reason of it when you have offered the best of it. But you shall not profane the sacred gifts of the sons of Israel, so that you do not die.’”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 18.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The charge of the priests and Levites. (1–7). The priests' portion. (8–19). The Levites' portion. (20–32).

vv1-7

The people complained of their difficulty and peril in drawing near to God. God here gives them to understand, that the priests should come near for them. Aaron would see reason not to be proud of his preferment, when he considered the great care and charge upon him. Be not high-minded, but fear. The greater the trust of work and power that is committed to us, the greater danger there is of betraying that trust. This is a good reason why we should neither envy others' honours, nor desire high places.

vv8-19

All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from the provision here made for the priests, the apostle shows that it is the duty of christian churches to maintain their ministers. Scandalous maintenance makes scandalous ministers. The priests were to be wholly devoted to their ministry, not diverted from it, or disturbed in it, by worldly care or business. Also, that they might be examples of living by faith, not only in God's providence, but in his ordinances. The best should be offered for the first-fruits unto the Lord. Those who think to save, by putting God off with the refuse, deceive themselves, for God is not mocked.

vv20-32

As Israel was a people not to be numbered among the nations, so Levi was a tribe to be distinguished from the rest. Those who have God for their Inheritance and their Portion for ever, ought to look with holy contempt and indifference upon the possessions of this world. The Levites were to give God his dues out of their tithes, as well as the Israelites out of their increase. See, in verse 31, the way to have comfort in all our worldly possessions, so as to bear no sin by reason of them. 1. We must be sure that what we have is got honestly and in the service of God. That meat is best eaten which is first earned; but if any will not work, neither shall he eat, 2Th 3:10. 2. We must be sure that God has his dues out of it. We have the comfort of our substance, when we have honoured the Lord with it. Ye shall bear no sin by reason of it, when ye have heaved the best from it. We should give alms of such things as we have, that all may be holy and comfortable to us.

Cross References

Numbers 18

Deuteronomy reiterates that Aaron and the Levites have no inheritance; the Lord is their portion.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v19Leviticus 2:13thematic

Explains the significance of the 'covenant of salt' as an enduring, incorruptible pledge using salt in sacrifices.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

Paul cites temple service support to establish that gospel ministers have a right to live by the gospel.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Directly answers the people's terrified cry about dying when drawing near the tabernacle.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Exodus 28:38thematic

Parallel duty where Aaron bears the iniquity of the holy things, prefiguring Christ's mediatorial work.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Specific laws defining the wave breast and heave shoulder as the priests' portion of peace offerings.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

Establishes the fundamental law of tithes in Israel, which God here assigns to the Levites.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v2Genesis 29:34allusion

Verbal play on the name Levi (meaning 'joined'), indicating they are joined to assist Aaron.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Numbers 3:6-9thematic

The original appointment of the Levites as a gift to minister to Aaron.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Exodus 13:2thematic

The foundational law requiring the consecration and redemption of the firstborn of man and beast.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v16Numbers 3:47thematic

Specifies five shekels as the standard redemption price, matched to the sanctuary shekel.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v21Hebrews 7:5thematic

The New Testament commentary on the sons of Levi receiving tithes from their brethren.

Supported by John Calvin

Defines who is clean and part of the priest's household to eat the holy things.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v20Ezekiel 44:28thematic

Prophetic renewal of the decree that God is the sole inheritance of the priesthood.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v26Nehemiah 10:38thematic

Historical practice of Levites giving a tenth of the tithe to the house of God.

Supported by JFB