Leviticus 22NIV
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Leviticus22

New International Version

1The Lord said to Moses,

2“Tell Aaron and his sons to treat with respect the sacred offerings the Israelites consecrate to me, so they will not profane my holy name. I am the Lord.

3“Say to them: ‘For the generations to come, if any of your descendants is ceremonially unclean and yet comes near the sacred offerings that the Israelites consecrate to the Lord, that person must be cut off from my presence. I am the Lord.

4“‘If a descendant of Aaron has a defiling skin disease or a bodily discharge, he may not eat the sacred offerings until he is cleansed. He will also be unclean if he touches something defiled by a corpse or by anyone who has an emission of semen,

5or if he touches any crawling thing that makes him unclean, or any person who makes him unclean, whatever the uncleanness may be.

6The one who touches any such thing will be unclean till evening. He must not eat any of the sacred offerings unless he has bathed himself with water.

7When the sun goes down, he will be clean, and after that he may eat the sacred offerings, for they are his food.

8He must not eat anything found dead or torn by wild animals, and so become unclean through it. I am the Lord.

9“‘The priests are to perform my service in such a way that they do not become guilty and die for treating it with contempt. I am the Lord, who makes them holy.

10“‘No one outside a priest’s family may eat the sacred offering, nor may the guest of a priest or his hired worker eat it.

11But if a priest buys a slave with money, or if slaves are born in his household, they may eat his food.

12If a priest’s daughter marries anyone other than a priest, she may not eat any of the sacred contributions.

13But if a priest’s daughter becomes a widow or is divorced, yet has no children, and she returns to live in her father’s household as in her youth, she may eat her father’s food. No unauthorized person, however, may eat it.

14“‘Anyone who eats a sacred offering by mistake must make restitution to the priest for the offering and add a fifth of the value to it.

15The priests must not desecrate the sacred offerings the Israelites present to the Lord

16by allowing them to eat the sacred offerings and so bring upon them guilt requiring payment. I am the Lord, who makes them holy.’”

17The Lord said to Moses,

18“Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites and say to them: ‘If any of you—whether an Israelite or a foreigner residing in Israel—presents a gift for a burnt offering to the Lord, either to fulfill a vow or as a freewill offering,

19you must present a male without defect from the cattle, sheep or goats in order that it may be accepted on your behalf.

20Do not bring anything with a defect, because it will not be accepted on your behalf.

21When anyone brings from the herd or flock a fellowship offering to the Lord to fulfill a special vow or as a freewill offering, it must be without defect or blemish to be acceptable.

22Do not offer to the Lord the blind, the injured or the maimed, or anything with warts or festering or running sores. Do not place any of these on the altar as a food offering presented to the Lord.

23You may, however, present as a freewill offering an ox or a sheep that is deformed or stunted, but it will not be accepted in fulfillment of a vow.

24You must not offer to the Lord an animal whose testicles are bruised, crushed, torn or cut. You must not do this in your own land,

25and you must not accept such animals from the hand of a foreigner and offer them as the food of your God. They will not be accepted on your behalf, because they are deformed and have defects.’”

26The Lord said to Moses,

27“When a calf, a lamb or a goat is born, it is to remain with its mother for seven days. From the eighth day on, it will be acceptable as a food offering presented to the Lord.

28Do not slaughter a cow or a sheep and its young on the same day.

29“When you sacrifice a thank offering to the Lord, sacrifice it in such a way that it will be accepted on your behalf.

30It must be eaten that same day; leave none of it till morning. I am the Lord.

31“Keep my commands and follow them. I am the Lord.

32Do not profane my holy name, for I must be acknowledged as holy by the Israelites. I am the Lord, who made you holy

33and who brought you out of Egypt to be your God. I am the Lord.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Leviticus 22.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Laws concerning the priests and sacrifices. (1-33).

vv1-33

In this chapter we have divers laws concerning the priests and sacrifices, all for preserving the honour of the sanctuary. Let us recollect with gratitude that our great High Priest cannot be hindered by any thing from the discharge of his office. Let us also remember, that the Lord requires us to reverence his name, his truths, his ordinances, and commandments. Let us beware of hypocrisy, and examine ourselves concerning our sinful defilements, seeking to be purified from them in the blood of Christ, and by his sanctifying Spirit. Whoever attempts to expiate his own sin, or draws near in the pride of self-righteousness, puts as great an affront on Christ, as he who comes to the Lord's table from the gratification of sinful lusts. Nor can the minister who loves the souls of the people, suffer them to continue in this dangerous delusion. He must call upon them, not only to repent of their sins, and forsake them; but to put their whole trust in the atonement of Christ, by faith in his name, for pardon and acceptance with God; thus only will the Lord make them holy, as his own people.

Cross References

Leviticus 22
v8Exodus 22:31thematic

Exodus prohibits eating torn meat; matches Leviticus forbidding priests from eating what dieth of itself.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Matthew 12:4allusion

Jesus references this restriction regarding the showbread, which was only lawful for priests to eat.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v19Malachi 1:8thematic

Malachi rebukes Israel for offering blind, lame, and sick animals in violation of this law.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Deuteronomy explicitly forbids sacrificing any animal with a blemish, such as lameness or blindness.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Malachi 1:8thematic

Condemns offering blind, lame, or sick animals, directly mirroring the prohibitions of Leviticus 22:22.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v31Deuteronomy 4:1thematic

Calvin highlights that keeping the commandments is the beginning of a good and upright life.

Supported by John Calvin

v2Exodus 28:38thematic

Aaron bears the iniquity of holy things to prevent profaning the Lord's holy name.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Leviticus 22:32thematic

Repeats the vital injunction that the priests and people must not profane God's holy name.

Supported by John Calvin

v3Leviticus 7:20thematic

Defines the penalty of being cut off for eating peace offerings while ceremonially unclean.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11Genesis 17:13thematic

Establishes status of servants bought with money or born in the house, qualifying them to eat.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v20Hebrews 9:14typology

The requirement of physical blemishless animals prefigures Christ, who offered Himself without spot to God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Expands on the requirement to perform vows made to God without slackness or defect.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Connects blemishes that disqualify priests with those that disqualify sacrificial animals.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Malachi 1:12-14thematic

Rebukes the offering of blemished sacrifices as profaning God's holy name.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Exodus 22:30thematic

Parallels the command that a newborn animal must be seven days under its dam.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Numbers 18:11thematic

Details the portions of the wave offerings assigned to Aaron's clean family members.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Ezra 2:63thematic

Priests with polluted genealogies were barred from eating holy things until cleared by Urim.

Supported by JFB

Prohibits eating anything that dieth of itself, reinforcing general holiness and blood laws.

Supported by JFB

v10Exodus 12:43thematic

Parallels the restriction that no stranger or foreigner may eat of the sacred Passover meal.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Leviticus 5:15thematic

Establishes restitution laws and adding a fifth part for unwitting trespass in holy things.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v22Leviticus 22:20thematic

Establishes the foundational principle that whatever has a blemish shall not be accepted.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Malachi 1:7thematic

Rebukes offering defiled bread on the altar, correlating to offering blemished animals.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Deuteronomy 22:6thematic

Commands kindness to animals, prohibiting taking the mother bird with her young.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v30Exodus 12:10thematic

Parallels the law of eating the sacrifice on the same day, leaving none until morning.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Detailing rules for peace offerings and thanksgiving sacrifices, which must be eaten quickly.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v31Numbers 15:40thematic

Links remembering and doing God's commandments with being holy unto God.

Supported by John Calvin

v32Leviticus 20:8thematic

Points to Yahweh as the one who sanctifies/hallows His covenant people.

Supported by John Calvin

v33Leviticus 11:45thematic

Stresses holiness based on God's redemption of His people from the land of Egypt.

Supported by John Calvin

Explicitly forbids sacrificing any animal with an ill blemish, such as lameness or blindness.

Supported by Matthew Poole