Hebrews 9NIV
Books
All books

Hebrews9

New International Version

1Now the first covenant had regulations for worship and also an earthly sanctuary.

2A tabernacle was set up. In its first room were the lampstand and the table with its consecrated bread; this was called the Holy Place.

3Behind the second curtain was a room called the Most Holy Place,

4which had the golden altar of incense and the gold-covered ark of the covenant. This ark contained the gold jar of manna, Aaron’s staff that had budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant.

5Above the ark were the cherubim of the Glory, overshadowing the atonement cover. But we cannot discuss these things in detail now.

6When everything had been arranged like this, the priests entered regularly into the outer room to carry on their ministry.

7But only the high priest entered the inner room, and that only once a year, and never without blood, which he offered for himself and for the sins the people had committed in ignorance.

8The Holy Spirit was showing by this that the way into the Most Holy Place had not yet been disclosed as long as the first tabernacle was still functioning.

9This is an illustration for the present time, indicating that the gifts and sacrifices being offered were not able to clear the conscience of the worshiper.

10They are only a matter of food and drink and various ceremonial washings—external regulations applying until the time of the new order.

11But when Christ came as high priest of the good things that are now already here, he went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not made with human hands, that is to say, is not a part of this creation.

12He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but he entered the Most Holy Place once for all by his own blood, thus obtaining eternal redemption.

13The blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that they are outwardly clean.

14How much more, then, will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the living God!

15For this reason Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance—now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant.

16In the case of a will, it is necessary to prove the death of the one who made it,

17because a will is in force only when somebody has died; it never takes effect while the one who made it is living.

18This is why even the first covenant was not put into effect without blood.

19When Moses had proclaimed every command of the law to all the people, he took the blood of calves, together with water, scarlet wool and branches of hyssop, and sprinkled the scroll and all the people.

20He said, “This is the blood of the covenant, which God has commanded you to keep.”

21In the same way, he sprinkled with the blood both the tabernacle and everything used in its ceremonies.

22In fact, the law requires that nearly everything be cleansed with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.

23It was necessary, then, for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.

24For Christ did not enter a sanctuary made with human hands that was only a copy of the true one; he entered heaven itself, now to appear for us in God’s presence.

25Nor did he enter heaven to offer himself again and again, the way the high priest enters the Most Holy Place every year with blood that is not his own.

26Otherwise Christ would have had to suffer many times since the creation of the world. But he has appeared once for all at the culmination of the ages to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself.

27Just as people are destined to die once, and after that to face judgment,

28so Christ was sacrificed once to take away the sins of many; and he will appear a second time, not to bear sin, but to bring salvation to those who are waiting for him.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Hebrews 9.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Jewish tabernacle and its utensils. (1–5). Their use and meaning. (6–10). These fulfilled in Christ. (11–22). The necessity, superior dignity, and power of his priesthood and sacrifice. (23–28).

vv1-5

The apostle shows to the Hebrews the typical reference of their ceremonies to Christ. The tabernacle was a movable temple, shadowing forth the unsettled state of the church upon earth, and the human nature of the Lord Jesus Christ, in whom the fulness of the Godhead dwelt bodily. The typical meaning of these things has been shown in former remarks, and the ordinances and articles of the Mosaic covenant point out Christ as our Light, and as the Bread of life to our souls; and remind us of his Divine Person, his holy priesthood, perfect righteousness, and all-prevailing intercession. Thus was the Lord Jesus Christ, all and in all, from the beginning. And as interpreted by the gospel, these things are a glorious representation of the wisdom of God, and confirm faith in Him who was prefigured by them.

vv6-10

The apostle goes on to speak of the Old Testament services. Christ, having undertaken to be our High Priest, could not enter into heaven till he had shed his blood for us; and none of us can enter, either into God's gracious presence here, or his glorious presence hereafter, but by the blood of Jesus. Sins are errors, great errors, both in judgment and practice; and who can understand all his errors? They leave guilt upon the conscience, not to be washed away but by the blood of Christ. We must plead this blood on earth, while he is pleading it for us in heaven. A few believers, under the Divine teaching, saw something of the way of access to God, of communion with him, and of admission into heaven through the promised Redeemer, but the Israelites in general looked no further than the outward forms. These could not take away the defilement or dominion of sin. They could neither discharge the debts, nor resolve the doubts, of him who did the service. Gospel times are, and should be, times of reformation, of clearer light as to all things needful to be known, and of greater love, causing us to bear ill-will to none, but good-will to all. We have greater freedom, both of spirit and speech, in the gospel, and greater obligations to a more holy living.

vv11-14

All good things past, present, and to come, were and are founded upon the priestly office of Christ, and come to us from thence. Our High Priest entered into heaven once for all, and has obtained eternal redemption. The Holy Ghost further signified and showed that the Old Testament sacrifices only freed the outward man from ceremonial uncleanness, and fitted him for some outward privileges. What gave such power to the blood of Christ? It was Christ's offering himself without any sinful stain in his nature or life. This cleanses the most guilty conscience from dead, or deadly, works to serve the living God; from sinful works, such as pollute the soul, as dead bodies did the persons of the Jews who touched them; while the grace that seals pardon, new-creates the polluted soul. Nothing more destroys the faith of the gospel, than by any means to weaken the direct power of the blood of Christ. The depth of the mystery of the sacrifice of Christ, we cannot dive into, the height we cannot comprehend. We cannot search out the greatness of it, or the wisdom, the love, the grace that is in it. But in considering the sacrifice of Christ, faith finds life, food, and refreshment.

Cross References

Hebrews 9
v7Leviticus 16:2allusion

Establishes the High Priest's strict limitation to enter the Holy of Holies only once a year.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v20Exodus 24:8quotation

Directly quoted by the author of Hebrews ('This is the blood of the testament/covenant').

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Exodus 26:33allusion

Details the second veil dividing the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Exodus 25:17-22allusion

Describes the cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat upon the Ark of the Covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Leviticus 16:14typology

Prescribes the sprinkling of the blood of the bullock on the mercy seat for atonement.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v13Numbers 19:2typology

Provides the Old Testament law concerning the ashes of a red heifer for purification.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Matthew 27:51fulfillment

The tearing of the temple veil at Christ's death, signifying the opened way to God.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v41 Kings 8:9allusion

The historical note that only the tables of stone remained in the ark under Solomon.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Leviticus 16:12typology

Specifies the golden censer of incense carried behind the veil on the Day of Atonement.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Hebrews 10:20thematic

Identifies Christ's flesh as the veil through which a new, living way is opened.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12Hebrews 10:4contrast

Contrasts the uselessness of the blood of bulls and goats with Christ's blood.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v18Exodus 24:3-8typology

Describes the historical inauguration of the first covenant using sacrificial blood.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v23Hebrews 8:5thematic

Reinforces that earthly sanctuary vessels were only copies and shadows of heavenly realities.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Romans 5:14thematic

Discusses figures/types (tupos) of things to come under the old administration.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11Hebrews 8:2thematic

Describes the true tabernacle pitched by the Lord, not by man.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v15Hebrews 7:22thematic

Identifies Jesus as the surety and mediator of a better covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v17Galatians 3:15thematic

Parallels the legal/covenantal nature of a man's confirmed testament, which cannot be disannulled.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v27Genesis 3:19thematic

The foundational judgment of mortality ('unto dust shalt thou return') appointing all men to die.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v28Isaiah 53:12fulfillment

Prophesies that the Servant would bear the sins of many, directly echoed here.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Revelation 8:3allusion

Shows the heavenly golden censer and altar of incense in the ultimate celestial temple.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Ephesians 2:15thematic

Refers to the abolition of the law of commandments contained in ordinances.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v141 Peter 1:19thematic

Compares Christ to a lamb without blemish or spot, whose precious blood redeems.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v261 Peter 3:18thematic

Affirms Christ suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v11Acts 17:24contrast

Declares that the Creator does not dwell in temples made with human hands.

Supported by Matthew Poole