Leviticus 21NIV
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Leviticus21

New International Version

1The Lord said to Moses, “Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them: ‘A priest must not make himself ceremonially unclean for any of his people who die,

2except for a close relative, such as his mother or father, his son or daughter, his brother,

3or an unmarried sister who is dependent on him since she has no husband—for her he may make himself unclean.

4He must not make himself unclean for people related to him by marriage, and so defile himself.

5“‘Priests must not shave their heads or shave off the edges of their beards or cut their bodies.

6They must be holy to their God and must not profane the name of their God. Because they present the food offerings to the Lord, the food of their God, they are to be holy.

7“‘They must not marry women defiled by prostitution or divorced from their husbands, because priests are holy to their God.

8Regard them as holy, because they offer up the food of your God. Consider them holy, because I the Lord am holy—I who make you holy.

9“‘If a priest’s daughter defiles herself by becoming a prostitute, she disgraces her father; she must be burned in the fire.

10“‘The high priest, the one among his brothers who has had the anointing oil poured on his head and who has been ordained to wear the priestly garments, must not let his hair become unkempt or tear his clothes.

11He must not enter a place where there is a dead body. He must not make himself unclean, even for his father or mother,

12nor leave the sanctuary of his God or desecrate it, because he has been dedicated by the anointing oil of his God. I am the Lord.

13“‘The woman he marries must be a virgin.

14He must not marry a widow, a divorced woman, or a woman defiled by prostitution, but only a virgin from his own people,

15so that he will not defile his offspring among his people. I am the Lord, who makes him holy.’”

16The Lord said to Moses,

17“Say to Aaron: ‘For the generations to come none of your descendants who has a defect may come near to offer the food of his God.

18No man who has any defect may come near: no man who is blind or lame, disfigured or deformed;

19no man with a crippled foot or hand,

20or who is a hunchback or a dwarf, or who has any eye defect, or who has festering or running sores or damaged testicles.

21No descendant of Aaron the priest who has any defect is to come near to present the food offerings to the Lord. He has a defect; he must not come near to offer the food of his God.

22He may eat the most holy food of his God, as well as the holy food;

23yet because of his defect, he must not go near the curtain or approach the altar, and so desecrate my sanctuary. I am the Lord, who makes them holy.’”

24So Moses told this to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Leviticus 21.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Laws concerning the priests. (1-24).

vv1-24

As these priests were types of Christ, so all ministers must be followers of him, that their example may teach others to imitate the Saviour. Without blemish, and separate from sinners, He executed his priestly office on earth. What manner of persons then should his ministers be! But all are, if Christians, spiritual priests; the minister especially is called to set a good example, that the people may follow it. Our bodily infirmities, blessed be God, cannot now shut us out from his service, from these privileges, or from his heavenly glory. Many a healthful, beautiful soul is lodged in a feeble, deformed body. And those who may not be suited for the work of the ministry, may serve God with comfort in other duties in his church.

Cross References

Leviticus 21
v7Ezekiel 44:22thematic

Ezekiel's temple ordinances repeat these strict marriage laws limiting who a priest may marry.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v11Deuteronomy 33:9thematic

Priests must prioritize their holy office over natural family affections or bereavement.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v1Ezekiel 44:25thematic

Repeats the restriction on priests touching dead bodies except for immediate family.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Leviticus 19:27thematic

Shaving and cutting restrictions given to all Israel, here enforced strictly upon priests.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Hebrews 7:26typology

Physical unblemished holiness in Aaronic priests typified Christ's perfect, spotless spiritual purity.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v11Matthew 8:22thematic

Christ's command to let the dead bury their dead echoes the absolute priestly restriction.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Ezekiel 24:16contrast

Ezekiel was uniquely forbidden to mourn for his wife, contrasting with standard priestly concessions.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Prohibits pagan, excessive mourning customs like self-cuttings and shaving heads for the dead.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v10Leviticus 10:6thematic

Aaron's remaining sons were forbidden from uncovering heads or rending clothes after Nadab/Abihu's deaths.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11Numbers 6:7thematic

Like the Nazirite, the high priest cannot defile himself even for his parents.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Parallel rules requiring offered sacrifices, like the priests offering them, to be completely without blemish.

Supported by John Calvin

v1Leviticus 22:4thematic

Identifies the uncleanness that disqualifies a priest from eating of holy things.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v6Hosea 9:4thematic

Bread associated with mourning is defiled and cannot be offered to God.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Titus 1:6thematic

Under the New Covenant, ministers must still maintain blameless families and conduct.

Supported by JFB