Hosea9
New International Version
1Do not rejoice, Israel; do not be jubilant like the other nations. For you have been unfaithful to your God; you love the wages of a prostitute at every threshing floor.
2Threshing floors and winepresses will not feed the people; the new wine will fail them.
3They will not remain in the Lord’s land; Ephraim will return to Egypt and eat unclean food in Assyria.
4They will not pour out wine offerings to the Lord, nor will their sacrifices please him. Such sacrifices will be to them like the bread of mourners; all who eat them will be unclean. This food will be for themselves; it will not come into the temple of the Lord.
5What will you do on the day of your appointed festivals, on the feast days of the Lord?
6Even if they escape from destruction, Egypt will gather them, and Memphis will bury them. Their treasures of silver will be taken over by briers, and thorns will overrun their tents.
7The days of punishment are coming, the days of reckoning are at hand. Let Israel know this. Because your sins are so many and your hostility so great, the prophet is considered a fool, the inspired person a maniac.
8The prophet, along with my God, is the watchman over Ephraim, yet snares await him on all his paths, and hostility in the house of his God.
9They have sunk deep into corruption, as in the days of Gibeah. God will remember their wickedness and punish them for their sins.
10“When I found Israel, it was like finding grapes in the desert; when I saw your ancestors, it was like seeing the early fruit on the fig tree. But when they came to Baal Peor, they consecrated themselves to that shameful idol and became as vile as the thing they loved.
11Ephraim’s glory will fly away like a bird— no birth, no pregnancy, no conception.
12Even if they rear children, I will bereave them of every one. Woe to them when I turn away from them!
13I have seen Ephraim, like Tyre, planted in a pleasant place. But Ephraim will bring out their children to the slayer.”
14Give them, Lord— what will you give them? Give them wombs that miscarry and breasts that are dry.
15“Because of all their wickedness in Gilgal, I hated them there. Because of their sinful deeds, I will drive them out of my house. I will no longer love them; all their leaders are rebellious.
16Ephraim is blighted, their root is withered, they yield no fruit. Even if they bear children, I will slay their cherished offspring.”
17My God will reject them because they have not obeyed him; they will be wanderers among the nations.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Hosea 9.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The distress to come upon Israel. (1-6). The approach of the day of trouble. (7-10). Judgments on Israel. (11-17).
vv1-6
Israel gave rewards to their idols, in the offerings presented to them. It is common for those who are niggardly in religion, to be prodigal upon their lusts. Those are reckoned as idolaters, who love a reward in the corn-floor better than a reward in the favour of God and in eternal life. They are full of the joy of harvest, and have no disposition to mourn for sin. When we make the world, and the things of it, our idol and our portion, it is just with God to show us our folly, and correct us. None may expect to dwell in the Lord's land, who will not be subject to the Lord's laws, or be influenced by his love. When we enjoy the means of grace, we ought to consider what we shall do, if they should be taken from us. While the pleasures of communion with God are out of the reach of change, the pleasant places purchased with silver, or in which men deposit silver, are liable to be laid in ruins. No famine is so dreadful as that of the soul.
vv7-10
Time had been when the spiritual watchmen of Israel were with the Lord, but now they were like the snare of a fowler to entangle persons to their ruin. The people were become as corrupt as those of Gibeah, Judg. 19; and their crimes should be visited in like manner. At first God had found Israel pleasing to Him, as grapes to the traveller in the wilderness. He saw them with pleasure as the first ripe figs. This shows the delight God took in them; yet they followed after idolatry.
vv11-17
God departs from a people, or from a person, when he withdraws his goodness and mercy from them; and when the Lord is departed, what can the creature do? Even though, for the present, good things seem to remain, yet the blessing is gone if God is gone. Even the children should perish with the parents. The Divine wrath dries up the root, and withers the fruit of all comforts; and the scattered Jews daily warn us to beware, lest we neglect or abuse the gospel. Yet every smiting is not a drying up of the root. It may be that God intends only to smite so that the sap may be turned to the root, that there may be more of root graces, more humility, patience, faith, and self-denial. It is very just that God should bring judgments on those who slight his offered mercy.
Key Words
שָׂמַח: probably to brighten up, i.e. (figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or gleesome
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
גִּיל: a revolution (of time, i.e. an age); also joy
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
זָנָה: to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (the Jewish people being regarded as the spouse of Jehovah)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
אָהַב: to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
אֶתְנַן: a gift (as the price of harlotry or idolatry)
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
Cross References
Hosea 9Direct historical allusion to the infamous crime and corruption in the days of Gibeah.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct historical allusion to Israel's apostasy at Baal-peor, which Hosea specifically names.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Prophetic parallel of eating defiled, unclean bread among the Gentiles in captivity.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic covenant curse threatening a return to Egypt as the ultimate symbol of bondage.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Law defining the 'bread of mourners' as unclean, making participants polluted as Hosea declares.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel imagery of Israel viewing agricultural bounty as a meretricious reward from her idols.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Hosea's later recurrence to the sin of Gibeah as a defining mark of Israel's corruption.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jeremiah's similar vision of good and bad figs, representing Israel's early favor and subsequent decay.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Jeremiah associates idolatrous altars with 'that shameful thing,' matching Hosea's 'separated themselves unto that shame.'
Supported by JFB
Mentions the 'cup of consolation' and mourning bread, illustrating unclean pagan funeral customs.
Supported by JFB
Parallel challenge regarding what the wicked will do in the day of visitation.
Supported by JFB
Lamentations describes false prophets who saw foolish things, echoing Hosea's 'the prophet is a fool.'
Supported by JFB
Pentateuchal imagery of God finding and caring for Israel in a waste howling wilderness.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The name Ephraim means 'fruitful,' contrasting ironically with the judgment of barrenness and depopulation.
Supported by JFB