Deuteronomy 32NIV
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Deuteronomy32

New International Version

1Listen, you heavens, and I will speak; hear, you earth, the words of my mouth.

2Let my teaching fall like rain and my words descend like dew, like showers on new grass, like abundant rain on tender plants.

3I will proclaim the name of the Lord. Oh, praise the greatness of our God!

4He is the Rock, his works are perfect, and all his ways are just. A faithful God who does no wrong, upright and just is he.

5They are corrupt and not his children; to their shame they are a warped and crooked generation.

6Is this the way you repay the Lord, you foolish and unwise people? Is he not your Father, your Creator, who made you and formed you?

7Remember the days of old; consider the generations long past. Ask your father and he will tell you, your elders, and they will explain to you.

8When the Most High gave the nations their inheritance, when he divided all mankind, he set up boundaries for the peoples according to the number of the sons of Israel.

9For the Lord’s portion is his people, Jacob his allotted inheritance.

10In a desert land he found him, in a barren and howling waste. He shielded him and cared for him; he guarded him as the apple of his eye,

11like an eagle that stirs up its nest and hovers over its young, that spreads its wings to catch them and carries them aloft.

12The Lord alone led him; no foreign god was with him.

13He made him ride on the heights of the land and fed him with the fruit of the fields. He nourished him with honey from the rock, and with oil from the flinty crag,

14with curds and milk from herd and flock and with fattened lambs and goats, with choice rams of Bashan and the finest kernels of wheat. You drank the foaming blood of the grape.

15Jeshurun grew fat and kicked; filled with food, they became heavy and sleek. They abandoned the God who made them and rejected the Rock their Savior.

16They made him jealous with their foreign gods and angered him with their detestable idols.

17They sacrificed to false gods, which are not God— gods they had not known, gods that recently appeared, gods your ancestors did not fear.

18You deserted the Rock, who fathered you; you forgot the God who gave you birth.

19The Lord saw this and rejected them because he was angered by his sons and daughters.

20“I will hide my face from them,” he said, “and see what their end will be; for they are a perverse generation, children who are unfaithful.

21They made me jealous by what is no god and angered me with their worthless idols. I will make them envious by those who are not a people; I will make them angry by a nation that has no understanding.

22For a fire will be kindled by my wrath, one that burns down to the realm of the dead below. It will devour the earth and its harvests and set afire the foundations of the mountains.

23“I will heap calamities on them and spend my arrows against them.

24I will send wasting famine against them, consuming pestilence and deadly plague; I will send against them the fangs of wild beasts, the venom of vipers that glide in the dust.

25In the street the sword will make them childless; in their homes terror will reign. The young men and young women will perish, the infants and those with gray hair.

26I said I would scatter them and erase their name from human memory,

27but I dreaded the taunt of the enemy, lest the adversary misunderstand and say, ‘Our hand has triumphed; the Lord has not done all this.’”

28They are a nation without sense, there is no discernment in them.

29If only they were wise and would understand this and discern what their end will be!

30How could one man chase a thousand, or two put ten thousand to flight, unless their Rock had sold them, unless the Lord had given them up?

31For their rock is not like our Rock, as even our enemies concede.

32Their vine comes from the vine of Sodom and from the fields of Gomorrah. Their grapes are filled with poison, and their clusters with bitterness.

33Their wine is the venom of serpents, the deadly poison of cobras.

34“Have I not kept this in reserve and sealed it in my vaults?

35It is mine to avenge; I will repay. In due time their foot will slip; their day of disaster is near and their doom rushes upon them.”

36The Lord will vindicate his people and relent concerning his servants when he sees their strength is gone and no one is left, slave or free.

37He will say: “Now where are their gods, the rock they took refuge in,

38the gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their drink offerings? Let them rise up to help you! Let them give you shelter!

39“See now that I myself am he! There is no god besides me. I put to death and I bring to life, I have wounded and I will heal, and no one can deliver out of my hand.

40I lift my hand to heaven and solemnly swear: As surely as I live forever,

41when I sharpen my flashing sword and my hand grasps it in judgment, I will take vengeance on my adversaries and repay those who hate me.

42I will make my arrows drunk with blood, while my sword devours flesh: the blood of the slain and the captives, the heads of the enemy leaders.”

43Rejoice, you nations, with his people, for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will take vengeance on his enemies and make atonement for his land and people.

44Moses came with Joshua son of Nun and spoke all the words of this song in the hearing of the people.

45When Moses finished reciting all these words to all Israel,

46he said to them, “Take to heart all the words I have solemnly declared to you this day, so that you may command your children to obey carefully all the words of this law.

47They are not just idle words for you—they are your life. By them you will live long in the land you are crossing the Jordan to possess.”

48On that same day the Lord told Moses,

49“Go up into the Abarim Range to Mount Nebo in Moab, across from Jericho, and view Canaan, the land I am giving the Israelites as their own possession.

50There on the mountain that you have climbed you will die and be gathered to your people, just as your brother Aaron died on Mount Hor and was gathered to his people.

51This is because both of you broke faith with me in the presence of the Israelites at the waters of Meribah Kadesh in the Desert of Zin and because you did not uphold my holiness among the Israelites.

52Therefore, you will see the land only from a distance; you will not enter the land I am giving to the people of Israel.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 32.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The song of Moses. (1, 2). The character of God, The character of Israel. (3–6). The great things God had done for Israel. (7–14). The wickedness of Israel. (19–25). The judgments which would come upon them for their sins. (15–18). Deserved vengeance withheld. (26–38). God's deliverance for his people. (39–43). The exhortation with which the song was delivered. (44–47). Moses to go up mount Nebo to die. (48–52).

vv1-2

Moses begins with a solemn appeal to heaven and earth, concerning the truth and importance of what he was about to say. His doctrine is the gospel, the speech of God, the doctrine of Christ; the doctrine of grace and mercy through him, and of life and salvation by him.

vv3-6

“He is a Rock.” This is the first time God is called so in Scripture. The expression denotes that the Divine power, faithfulness, and love, as revealed in Christ and the gospel, form a foundation which cannot be changed or moved, on which we may build our hopes of happiness. And under his protection we may find refuge from all our enemies, and in all our troubles; as the rocks in those countries sheltered from the burning rays of the sun, and from tempests, or were fortresses from the enemy. “His work is perfect:” that of redemption and salvation, in which there is a display of all the Divine perfection, complete in all its parts. All God's dealings with his creatures are regulated by wisdom which cannot err, and perfect justice. He is indeed just and right; he takes care that none shall lose by him. A high charge is exhibited against Israel. Even God's children have their spots, while in this imperfect state; for if we say we have no sin, no spot, we deceive ourselves. But the sin of Israel was not habitual, notorious, unrepented sin; which is a certain mark of the children of Satan. They were fools to forsake their mercies for lying vanities. All wilful sinners, especially sinners in Israel, are unwise and ungrateful.

vv7-14

Moses gives particular instances of God's kindness and concern for them. The eagle's care for her young is a beautiful emblem of Christ's love, who came between Divine justice and our guilty souls, and bare our sins in his own body on the tree. And by the preached gospel, and the influences of the Holy Spirit, He stirs up and prevails upon sinners to leave Satan's bondage. In verses 13, 14, are emblems of the conquest believers have over their spiritual enemies, sin, Satan, and the world, in and through Christ. Also of their safety and triumph in him; of their happy frames of soul, when they are above the world, and the things of it. This will be the blessed case of spiritual Israel in every sense in the latter day.

Cross References

Deuteronomy 32
v1Isaiah 1:2allusion

Isaiah mirrors Moses' solemn opening appeal to heaven and earth to witness Israel's rebellion.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v21Romans 10:19quotation

Paul explicitly quotes Deuteronomy 32:21 to show God's calling of the Gentiles to provoke Israel.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v35Hebrews 10:30quotation

Directly quotes 'Vengeance is mine, I will repay' to warn of God's fearful judgment.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v43Romans 15:10quotation

Paul directly quotes Deuteronomy 32:43 in Romans to prove God's inclusion of the Gentiles.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Identifies the wilderness Rock from which Israel drank and trusted as a type of Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v8Acts 17:26thematic

Paul affirms God's sovereign hand in dividing the nations and setting the bounds of their habitation.

Supported by JFB

v11Exodus 19:4allusion

Parallels the vivid description of God bearing Israel out of Egypt on eagles' wings.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Paul confirms that pagan idolatry is fundamentally sacrifice offered to devils rather than to God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Romans 11:11-14allusion

Expounds the theological mystery of salvation coming to Gentiles to provoke Israel to jealousy.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Alludes directly to provoking the Lord to jealousy through idolatrous practices and partnerships.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v35Romans 12:19quotation

Quotes verse 35 to command believers to yield vengeance to God's ultimate justice.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v391 Samuel 2:6thematic

Hannah's song closely mirrors the exact wording of God killing, making alive, wounding, and healing.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

Fulfillment of God's command for Moses to ascend Nebo, look at Canaan, and die there.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v49Numbers 27:12-14thematic

The parallel divine command instructing Moses to climb Mount Abarim and view the promised land.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v51Numbers 20:11-13thematic

The historical account of Moses and Aaron's sin at the waters of Meribah-Kadesh.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v10Zechariah 2:8thematic

Echoes the tender imagery of God guarding His chosen people as the apple of His eye.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Isaiah 44:2thematic

Uses the rare poetical and covenantal name 'Jeshurun' for the nation of Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

Matches the exact divine threat of hiding His face from a froward and covenant-breaking generation.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Hosea 1:10thematic

Develops the prophetic reality of those who 'were not a people' becoming sons of God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v29Jeremiah 5:31thematic

Directly parallel warning about Israel's failure to consider their latter end and ultimate consequences.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Parallels the drinking of cups and eating of sacrifices belonging to demons vs. the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v39Job 5:18thematic

Parallels the sovereign power of God to wound and bind up, to bruise and make whole.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v39Hosea 6:1thematic

Echoes the language of returning to the Lord who has torn, but will heal us.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v47John 6:63thematic

Parallels Moses' declaration that God's words are not vain but are 'your life'.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v50Numbers 20:24-29thematic

The historical account of Aaron's death on Mount Hor, referenced by God to Moses.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v51Leviticus 10:3thematic

The solemn principle that God must be sanctified and treated as holy by those near Him.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v52Hebrews 11:13typology

Moses seeing but not entering Canaan typifies saints seeing promises afar off without final earthly possession.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v9Exodus 19:5thematic

Establishes Israel's status as the Lord's peculiar treasure and the lot of His inheritance.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v15Nehemiah 9:25thematic

Historical confirmation of Israel eating, growing fat, and subsequently forsaking their Creator.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v211 Peter 2:9thematic

Contrasts the 'foolish nation' with the 'chosen generation, royal priesthood, holy nation' of believers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Exodus 32:12thematic

Moses appeals to God's concern for His own reputation lest adversaries boast of Israel's destruction.

Supported by John Calvin

v35Psalms 94:1thematic

Directly invokes the 'God to whom vengeance belongeth' to show Himself in judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v40Daniel 12:7thematic

Matches the solemn prophetic gesture of lifting the hand to heaven and swearing by Him who lives.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v41Psalms 7:12thematic

Parallels the imagery of God whetting His glittering sword and preparing instruments of judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v42Jeremiah 46:10allusion

Echoes the graphic imagery of God's sword devouring and being made drunk with blood.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v43Revelation 19:2fulfillment

Fulfillment of the promise that God will avenge the blood of His servants.

Supported by Matthew Henry