Deuteronomy32
New American Standard
1“Listen, you heavens, and I will speak; And let the earth hear the words of my mouth!
2May my teaching drip as the rain, My speech trickle as the dew, As droplets on the fresh grass, And as the showers on the vegetation.
3For I proclaim the name of the Lord; Ascribe greatness to our God!
4The Rock! His work is perfect, For all His ways are just; A God of faithfulness and without injustice, Righteous and just is He.
5They have acted corruptly against Him, They are not His children, because of their defect; But are a perverse and crooked generation.
6Is this what you do to the Lord, You foolish and unwise people? Is He not your Father who has purchased you? He has made you and established you.
7Remember the days of old, Consider the years of all generations. Ask your father and he will inform you, Your elders, and they will tell you.
8When the Most High gave the nations their inheritance, When He separated the sons of mankind, He set the boundaries of the peoples According to the number of the sons of Israel.
9For the Lord’s portion is His people; Jacob is the allotment of His inheritance.
10He found him in a desert land, And in the howling wasteland of a wilderness; He encircled him, He cared for him, He guarded him as the apple of His eye.
11As an eagle stirs up its nest, And hovers over its young, He spread His wings, He caught them, He carried them on His pinions.
12The Lord alone guided him, And there was no foreign god with him.
13He had him ride on the high places of the earth, And he ate the produce of the field; And He had him suck honey from the rock, And oil from the flinty rock,
14Curds of the herd, and milk of the flock, With fat of lambs And rams, the breed of Bashan, and of goats, With the best of the wheat; And you drank wine of the blood of grapes.
15“But Jeshurun became fat and kicked— You have become fat, thick, and obstinate— Then he abandoned God who made him, And rejected the Rock of his salvation.
16They made Him jealous with strange gods; With abominations they provoked Him to anger.
17They sacrificed to demons, who were not God, To gods whom they have not known, New gods who came lately, Whom your fathers did not know.
18You forgot the Rock who fathered you, And forgot the God who gave you birth.
19“The Lord saw this, and spurned them Because of the provocation by His sons and daughters.
20Then He said, ‘I will hide My face from them, I will see what their end will be; For they are a perverse generation, Sons in whom there is no faithfulness.
21They have made Me jealous with what is not God; They have provoked Me to anger with their idols. So I will make them jealous with those who are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation,
22For a fire has flared in My anger, And it burns to the lowest part of Sheol, And devours the earth with its yield, And sets on fire the foundations of the mountains.
23‘I will add misfortunes to them; I will use up My arrows on them.
24They will be wasted by famine, and emaciated by plague And a bitter epidemic; And the teeth of beasts I will send against them, With the venom of crawling things of the dust.
25Outside the sword will make them childless, And inside, terror— Both young man and virgin, The nursing child with the man of gray hair.
26I would have said, “I will wipe them out, I will remove the mention of their name from humanity,”
27Had I not feared the provocation by the enemy, That their adversaries would misjudge, That they would say, “Our hand is triumphant, And the Lord has not performed all this.”’
28“For they are a nation destitute of counsel, And there is no understanding in them.
29If only they were wise and they understood this; If only they would discern their future!
30How could one chase a thousand, And two put ten thousand to flight, Unless their Rock had sold them, And the Lord had given them up?
31Indeed, their rock is not like our Rock; Even our enemies themselves judge this.
32For their vine is from the vine of Sodom, And from the fields of Gomorrah; Their grapes are grapes of poison, Their clusters, bitter.
33Their wine is the venom of serpents, And the deadly poison of vipers.
34‘Is it not stored up with Me, Sealed up in My treasuries?
35Vengeance is Mine, and retribution; In due time their foot will slip. For the day of their disaster is near, And the impending things are hurrying to them.’
36For the Lord will vindicate His people, And will have compassion on His servants, When He sees that their strength is gone, And there is none remaining, bond or free.
37And He will say, ‘Where are their gods, The rock in which they took refuge?
38Those who ate the fat of their sacrifices, And drank the wine of their drink offering? Let them rise up and help you, Let them be your protection!
39See now that I, I am He, And there is no god besides Me; It is I who put to death and give life. I have wounded and it is I who heal, And there is no one who can save anyone from My hand.
40Indeed, I raise My hand to heaven, And say, as I live forever,
41If I have sharpened My flashing sword, And My hand has taken hold of justice, I will return vengeance on My adversaries, And I will repay those who hate Me.
42I will make My arrows drunk with blood, And My sword will devour flesh, With the blood of the slain and the captives, From the long-haired leaders of the enemy.’
43Rejoice, you nations, with His people; For He will avenge the blood of His servants, And will return vengeance on His adversaries, And will atone for His land and His people.”
44Then Moses came and spoke all the words of this song in the hearing of the people, he, with Joshua the son of Nun.
45When Moses had finished speaking all these words to all Israel,
46he said to them, “Take to your heart all the words with which I am warning you today, which you will command your sons to follow carefully, all the words of this Law.
47For it is not a trivial matter for you; indeed it is your life. And by this word you will prolong your days in the land, which you are about to cross the Jordan to possess.”
48Now the Lord spoke to Moses that very same day, saying,
49“Go up to this mountain of the Abarim, Mount Nebo, which is in the land of Moab opposite Jericho, and look at the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the sons of Israel as a possession.
50Then you are to die on the mountain where you ascend, and be gathered to your people, as Aaron your brother died on Mount Hor and was gathered to his people,
51because you broke faith with Me in the midst of the sons of Israel at the waters of Meribah-kadesh, in the wilderness of Zin, because you did not treat Me as holy in the midst of the sons of Israel.
52For you will see the land at a distance but you will not go there, into the land which I am giving the sons of Israel.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 32.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The song of Moses. (1, 2). The character of God, The character of Israel. (3–6). The great things God had done for Israel. (7–14). The wickedness of Israel. (19–25). The judgments which would come upon them for their sins. (15–18). Deserved vengeance withheld. (26–38). God's deliverance for his people. (39–43). The exhortation with which the song was delivered. (44–47). Moses to go up mount Nebo to die. (48–52).
vv1-2
Moses begins with a solemn appeal to heaven and earth, concerning the truth and importance of what he was about to say. His doctrine is the gospel, the speech of God, the doctrine of Christ; the doctrine of grace and mercy through him, and of life and salvation by him.
vv3-6
“He is a Rock.” This is the first time God is called so in Scripture. The expression denotes that the Divine power, faithfulness, and love, as revealed in Christ and the gospel, form a foundation which cannot be changed or moved, on which we may build our hopes of happiness. And under his protection we may find refuge from all our enemies, and in all our troubles; as the rocks in those countries sheltered from the burning rays of the sun, and from tempests, or were fortresses from the enemy. “His work is perfect:” that of redemption and salvation, in which there is a display of all the Divine perfection, complete in all its parts. All God's dealings with his creatures are regulated by wisdom which cannot err, and perfect justice. He is indeed just and right; he takes care that none shall lose by him. A high charge is exhibited against Israel. Even God's children have their spots, while in this imperfect state; for if we say we have no sin, no spot, we deceive ourselves. But the sin of Israel was not habitual, notorious, unrepented sin; which is a certain mark of the children of Satan. They were fools to forsake their mercies for lying vanities. All wilful sinners, especially sinners in Israel, are unwise and ungrateful.
vv7-14
Moses gives particular instances of God's kindness and concern for them. The eagle's care for her young is a beautiful emblem of Christ's love, who came between Divine justice and our guilty souls, and bare our sins in his own body on the tree. And by the preached gospel, and the influences of the Holy Spirit, He stirs up and prevails upon sinners to leave Satan's bondage. In verses 13, 14, are emblems of the conquest believers have over their spiritual enemies, sin, Satan, and the world, in and through Christ. Also of their safety and triumph in him; of their happy frames of soul, when they are above the world, and the things of it. This will be the blessed case of spiritual Israel in every sense in the latter day.
Key Words
אָזַן: to broaden out the ear (with the hand), i.e. (by implication) to listen
שָׁמַיִם: the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
אֵמֶר: something said
פֶּה: the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition) according to
לֶקַח: properly, something received, i.e. (mentally) instruction (whether on the part of the teacher or hearer); also (in an active and sinister sense) inveiglement
עָרַף: to droop; hence, to drip
מָטַר: rain
Cross References
Deuteronomy 32Isaiah mirrors Moses' solemn opening appeal to heaven and earth to witness Israel's rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul explicitly quotes Deuteronomy 32:21 to show God's calling of the Gentiles to provoke Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Directly quotes 'Vengeance is mine, I will repay' to warn of God's fearful judgment.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul directly quotes Deuteronomy 32:43 in Romans to prove God's inclusion of the Gentiles.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies the wilderness Rock from which Israel drank and trusted as a type of Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul affirms God's sovereign hand in dividing the nations and setting the bounds of their habitation.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the vivid description of God bearing Israel out of Egypt on eagles' wings.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul confirms that pagan idolatry is fundamentally sacrifice offered to devils rather than to God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Expounds the theological mystery of salvation coming to Gentiles to provoke Israel to jealousy.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Alludes directly to provoking the Lord to jealousy through idolatrous practices and partnerships.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes verse 35 to command believers to yield vengeance to God's ultimate justice.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Hannah's song closely mirrors the exact wording of God killing, making alive, wounding, and healing.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Fulfillment of God's command for Moses to ascend Nebo, look at Canaan, and die there.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The parallel divine command instructing Moses to climb Mount Abarim and view the promised land.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical account of Moses and Aaron's sin at the waters of Meribah-Kadesh.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the tender imagery of God guarding His chosen people as the apple of His eye.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Uses the rare poetical and covenantal name 'Jeshurun' for the nation of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Matches the exact divine threat of hiding His face from a froward and covenant-breaking generation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Develops the prophetic reality of those who 'were not a people' becoming sons of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Directly parallel warning about Israel's failure to consider their latter end and ultimate consequences.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the drinking of cups and eating of sacrifices belonging to demons vs. the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the sovereign power of God to wound and bind up, to bruise and make whole.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the language of returning to the Lord who has torn, but will heal us.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Moses' declaration that God's words are not vain but are 'your life'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical account of Aaron's death on Mount Hor, referenced by God to Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The solemn principle that God must be sanctified and treated as holy by those near Him.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses seeing but not entering Canaan typifies saints seeing promises afar off without final earthly possession.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Establishes Israel's status as the Lord's peculiar treasure and the lot of His inheritance.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Historical confirmation of Israel eating, growing fat, and subsequently forsaking their Creator.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrasts the 'foolish nation' with the 'chosen generation, royal priesthood, holy nation' of believers.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses appeals to God's concern for His own reputation lest adversaries boast of Israel's destruction.
Supported by John Calvin
Directly invokes the 'God to whom vengeance belongeth' to show Himself in judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Matches the solemn prophetic gesture of lifting the hand to heaven and swearing by Him who lives.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the imagery of God whetting His glittering sword and preparing instruments of judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the graphic imagery of God's sword devouring and being made drunk with blood.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfillment of the promise that God will avenge the blood of His servants.
Supported by Matthew Henry