Nehemiah9
New American Standard
1Now on the twenty-fourth day of this month the sons of Israel assembled with fasting, in sackcloth and with dirt upon them.
2The descendants of Israel separated themselves from all foreigners, and they stood and confessed their sins and the wrongdoings of their fathers.
3While they stood in their place, they read from the Book of the Law of the Lord their God for a fourth of the day; and for another fourth they confessed and worshiped the Lord their God.
4Now on the Levites’ platform stood Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenani, and they cried out with a loud voice to the Lord their God.
5Then the Levites, Jeshua, Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabneiah, Sherebiah, Hodiah, Shebaniah, and Pethahiah said, “Arise, bless the Lord your God forever and ever! May Your glorious name be blessed And exalted above all blessing and praise!
6You alone are the Lord. You have made the heavens, The heaven of heavens with all their lights, The earth and everything that is on it, The seas and everything that is in them. You give life to all of them, And the heavenly lights bow down before You.
7You are the Lord God, Who chose Abram And brought him out from Ur of the Chaldees, And gave him the name Abraham.
8You found his heart faithful before You, And made a covenant with him To give him the land of the Canaanite, Of the Hittite and the Amorite, Of the Perizzite, the Jebusite, and the Girgashite— To give it to his descendants. And You have fulfilled Your promise, Because You are righteous.
9“You saw the affliction of our fathers in Egypt, And heard their cry by the Red Sea.
10Then You performed signs and wonders against Pharaoh, Against all his servants and all the people of his land; For You knew that they acted arrogantly toward them, And You made a name for Yourself as it is this day.
11You divided the sea before them, So they passed through the midst of the sea on dry ground; And You hurled their pursuers into the depths, Like a stone into raging waters.
12And with a pillar of cloud You led them by day, And with a pillar of fire by night To light for them the way In which they were to go.
13Then You came down on Mount Sinai, And spoke with them from heaven; You gave them just ordinances and true laws, Good statutes and commandments.
14So You made known to them Your holy Sabbath, And gave them commandments, statutes, and law, Through Your servant Moses.
15You provided bread from heaven for them for their hunger, You brought out water from a rock for them for their thirst, And You told them to enter in order to take possession of The land which You swore to give them.
16“But they, our fathers, acted arrogantly; They became stubborn and would not listen to Your commandments.
17They refused to listen, And did not remember Your wondrous deeds which You performed among them; So they became stubborn and appointed a leader to return to their slavery in Egypt. But You are a God of forgiveness, Gracious and compassionate, Slow to anger and abounding in mercy; And You did not abandon them.
18Even when they made for themselves A calf of cast metal And said, ‘This is your god Who brought you up from Egypt,’ And committed great blasphemies,
19You, in Your great compassion, Did not abandon them in the wilderness; The pillar of cloud did not leave them by day, To guide them on their way, Nor the pillar of fire by night, to light for them the way in which they were to go.
20Instead, You gave Your good Spirit to instruct them, You did not withhold Your manna from their mouth, And You gave them water for their thirst.
21Indeed, for forty years You provided for them in the wilderness and they were not lacking; Their clothes did not wear out, nor did their feet swell up.
22You also gave them kingdoms and peoples, And allotted them to them as a boundary. They took possession of the land of Sihon the king of Heshbon And the land of Og the king of Bashan.
23You made their sons as numerous as the stars of heaven, And You brought them into the land Which You had told their fathers to enter and possess.
24So their sons entered and took possession of the land. And You subdued before them the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, And You handed them over to them, with their kings and the peoples of the land, To do with them as they desired.
25They captured fortified cities and a fertile land. They took possession of houses full of every good thing, Carved out cisterns, vineyards, olive groves, Fruit trees in abundance. So they ate, were filled and put on fat, And lived luxuriously in Your great goodness.
26“But they became rebellious and revolted against You, And threw Your Law behind their backs And killed Your prophets who had admonished them In order to bring them back to You, And they committed great blasphemies.
27Therefore You handed them over to their enemies who oppressed them, But when they cried out to You in the time of their distress, You heard from heaven, and according to Your great compassion You gave them people who saved them from the hand of their enemies.
28But as soon as they had rest, they did evil again before You; Therefore You abandoned them to the hand of their enemies, so that they ruled over them. When they cried out again to You, You heard from heaven, And many times You rescued them according to Your compassion,
29And admonished them in order to turn them back to Your Law. Yet they acted arrogantly and did not listen to Your commandments but sinned against Your ordinances, Which, if a person follows them, then he will live by them. And they turned a stubborn shoulder and stiffened their neck, and would not listen.
30However, You remained patient with them for many years, And admonished them by Your Spirit through Your prophets, Yet they would not listen. Therefore You handed them over to the peoples of the lands.
31Nevertheless, in Your great compassion You did not make an end of them or abandon them, For You are a gracious and compassionate God.
32“Now then, our God, the great, the mighty, and the awesome God, who keeps His covenant and faithfulness, Do not let all the hardship seem insignificant before You, Which has happened to us, our kings, our leaders, our priests, our prophets, our fathers, and to all Your people, From the days of the kings of Assyria to this day.
33However, You are righteous in everything that has happened to us; For You have dealt faithfully, but we have acted wickedly.
34For our kings, our leaders, our priests, and our fathers have not kept Your Law Or paid attention to Your commandments and Your admonitions with which You have admonished them.
35But they, in their own kingdom, With Your great goodness which You gave them, With the broad and rich land which You placed before them, Did not serve You or turn from their evil deeds.
36Behold, we are slaves today, And as for the land which You gave to our fathers to eat its fruit and its bounty, Behold, we are slaves on it.
37And its abundant produce is for the kings Whom You have set over us because of our sins; They also rule over our bodies And over our cattle as they please, So we are in great distress.
38“Now because of all this We are making an agreement in writing; And on the sealed document are the names of our leaders, our Levites, and our priests.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nehemiah 9.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: A solemn fast. (1–3). Prayer and confession of sin. (4–38).
vv1-3
The word will direct and quicken prayer, for by it the Spirit helps our infirmities in prayer. The careful study of God's word will more and more discover to us our own sinfulness, and the plenteousness of his salvation; thus it calls us to mourn for sin, and to rejoice in him. Every discovery of the truth of God, should render us more unwearied in attendance on his sacred word, and on his worship.
vv4-38
The summary of their prayers we have here upon record. Much more, no doubt, was said. Whatever ability we have to do any thing in the way of duty, we are to serve and glorify God according to the utmost of it. When confessing our sins, it is good to notice the mercies of God, that we may be the more humbled and ashamed. The dealings of the Lord showed his goodness and long-suffering, and the hardness of their hearts. The testimony of the prophets was the testimony of the Spirit in the prophets, and it was the Spirit of Christ in them. They spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost, and what they said is to be received accordingly. The result was, wonder at the Lord's mercies, and the feeling that sin had brought them to their present state, from which nothing but unmerited love could rescue them. And is not their conduct a specimen of human nature? Let us study the history of our land, and our own history. Let us recollect our advantages from childhood, and ask what were our first returns? Let us frequently do so, that we may be kept humble, thankful, and watchful. Let all remember that pride and obstinacy are sins which ruin the soul. But it is often as hard to persuade the broken-hearted to hope, as formerly it was to bring them to fear. Is this thy case? Behold this sweet promise, A God ready to pardon! Instead of keeping away from God under a sense of unworthiness, let us come boldly to the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need. He is a God ready to pardon.
Key Words
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
זֶה: the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אָסַף: to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
צוֹם: a fast
שַׂק: properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run through), i.e. coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grain, etc.)
אֲדָמָה: soil (from its general redness)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
Cross References
Nehemiah 9Direct parallel detailing God leading Israel by a cloudy pillar by day and fire by night.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The historical account of Israel making the molten calf in the wilderness as confessed here.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The physical departure of Abram from Ur of the Chaldees, directly recounted in Nehemiah's prayer.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The dividing of the Red Sea so that Israel went through on dry land.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Alludes directly to God's self-revelation as gracious, merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in kindness.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God putting His Spirit upon the elders to instruct and assist in leading Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct verbal parallel regarding forty years of sustenance: clothes not waxing old, feet not swelling.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the language of eating, being filled, and growing fat, leading to rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct quotation of the legal promise: 'which if a man do, he shall live in them.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identical theology of God's perfect justice and righteousness in contrast to Israel's wickedness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Establishes the timing of the feast of Tabernacles just preceding this solemn national assembly.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The formalizing of the covenant to give Abram's seed the land of the Canaanites.
Supported by JFB
God seeing the affliction of the fathers in Egypt and hearing their cry.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The giving of manna from heaven (bread) to satisfy their hunger.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The historical conquest of Sihon king of Heshbon and Og king of Bashan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Exact physical description of possessing houses full of good things, wells digged, and vineyards.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Christ's lament echoes the killing of the prophets who testified against them to turn them.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the cycle of rebellion, captivity, crying out in distress, and God's manifold mercies.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Condemnation for not serving God in the abundance of all things in their kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The curse of serving enemies in hunger, thirst, and nakedness in the land.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The practical execution of separating the mixed multitude of strangers from Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The descent of God upon Mount Sinai to speak with Israel.
Supported by JFB
The specific rebellion where the people proposed appointing a captain to return to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Stephen's speech links resisting the Holy Spirit with persecuting the prophets.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the character of God as 'great, mighty, and terrible,' keeping covenant and mercy.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explicates the paradox of being 'servants this day' under Persian dominion in their land.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The immediate historical execution of the sealed covenant described in the subsequent chapter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the host of heaven standing around the Lord and worshipping Him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The foundational covenant promise to multiply Abraham's descendants as the stars of heaven.
Supported by JFB