Exodus34
New American Standard
1Now the Lord said to Moses, “Cut out for yourself two stone tablets like the former ones, and I will write on the tablets the words that were on the former tablets which you smashed.
2So be ready by morning, and come up in the morning to Mount Sinai, and present yourself there to Me on the top of the mountain.
3And no one is to come up with you, nor let anyone be seen anywhere on the mountain; even the flocks and the herds are not to graze in front of that mountain.”
4So he cut out two stone tablets like the former ones, and Moses got up early in the morning and went up to Mount Sinai, as the Lord had commanded him, and he took the two stone tablets in his hand.
5And the Lord descended in the cloud and stood there with him as he called upon the name of the Lord.
6Then the Lord passed by in front of him and proclaimed, “The Lord, the Lord God, compassionate and merciful, slow to anger, and abounding in faithfulness and truth;
7who keeps faithfulness for thousands, who forgives wrongdoing, violation of His Law, and sin; yet He will by no means leave the guilty unpunished, inflicting the punishment of fathers on the children and on the grandchildren to the third and fourth generations.”
8And Moses hurried to bow low toward the ground and worship.
9Then he said, “If in any way I have found favor in Your sight, Lord, please may the Lord go along in our midst, even though the people are so obstinate, and pardon our wrongdoing and our sin, and take us as Your own possession.”
10Then God said, “Behold, I am going to make a covenant. Before all your people I will perform miracles which have not been produced in all the earth nor among any of the nations; and all the people among whom you live will see the working of the Lord, for it is a fearful thing that I am going to perform with you.
11“Be sure to comply with what I am commanding you this day: behold, I am going to drive out the Amorite from you, and the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.
12Be careful that you do not make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land into which you are going, or it will become a snare in your midst.
13But rather, you are to tear down their altars and smash their memorial stones, and cut down their Asherim
14—for you shall not worship any other god, because the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God—
15otherwise you might make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and they would prostitute themselves with their gods and sacrifice to their gods, and someone might invite you to eat of his sacrifice,
16and you might take some of his daughters for your sons, and his daughters might prostitute themselves with their gods and cause your sons also to prostitute themselves with their gods.
17You shall not make for yourself any gods cast in metal.
18“You shall keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For seven days you are to eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the appointed time in the month of Abib; for in the month of Abib you came out of Egypt.
19“The firstborn from every womb belongs to Me, and all your male livestock, the firstborn from cattle and sheep.
20You shall redeem with a lamb the firstborn from a donkey; and if you do not redeem it, then you shall break its neck. You shall redeem all the firstborn of your sons. None are to appear before Me empty-handed.
21“You shall work six days, but on the seventh day you shall rest; even during plowing time and harvest you shall rest.
22And you shall celebrate the Feast of Weeks, that is, the first fruits of the wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the turn of the year.
23Three times a year all your males are to appear before the Lord God, the God of Israel.
24For I will drive out nations from you and enlarge your borders, and no one will covet your land when you go up three times a year to appear before the Lord your God.
25“You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leavened bread, nor is the sacrifice of the Feast of the Passover to be left over until morning.
26“You shall bring the very first of the first fruits of your soil into the house of the Lord your God. “You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.”
27Then the Lord said to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.”
28So he was there with the Lord for forty days and forty nights; he did not eat bread or drink water. And He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments.
29And it came about, when Moses was coming down from Mount Sinai (and the two tablets of the testimony were in Moses’ hand as he was coming down from the mountain), that Moses did not know that the skin of his face shone because of his speaking with Him.
30So when Aaron and all the sons of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone, and they were afraid to approach him.
31Then Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the rulers in the congregation returned to him; and Moses spoke to them.
32Afterward all the sons of Israel came near, and he commanded them to do everything that the Lord had spoken to him on Mount Sinai.
33When Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face.
34But whenever Moses went in before the Lord to speak with Him, he would take off the veil until he came out; and whenever he came out and spoke to the sons of Israel what he had been commanded,
35the sons of Israel would see the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone. So Moses would put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak with Him.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 34.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The tables of the law renewed. (1–4). The name of the Lord proclaimed, The entreaty of Moses. (5–9). God's covenant. (10–17). The festivals. (18–27). The vail of Moses. (28–35).
vv1-4
When God made man in his own image, the moral law was written in his heart, by the finger of God, without outward means. But since the covenant then made with man was broken, the Lord has used the ministry of men, both in writing the law in the Scriptures, and in writing it in the heart. When God was reconciled to the Israelites, he ordered the tables to be renewed, and wrote his law in them. Even under the gospel of peace by Christ, the moral law continues to bind believers. Though Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, yet not from the commands of it. The first and the best evidence of the pardon of sin, and peace with God, is the writing the law in the heart.
vv5-9
The Lord descended by some open token of his presence and manifestation of his glory in a cloud, and thence proclaimed his NAME; that is, the perfections and character which are denoted by the name JEHOVAH. The Lord God is merciful; ready to forgive the sinner, and to relieve the needy. Gracious; kind, and ready to bestow undeserved benefits. Long-suffering; slow to anger, giving time for repentance, only punishing when it is needful. He is abundant in goodness and truth; even sinners receive the riches of his bounty abundantly, though they abuse them. All he reveals is infallible truth, all he promises is in faithfulness. Keeping mercy for thousands; he continually shows mercy to sinners, and has treasures, which cannot be exhausted, to the end of time. Forgiving iniquity, and transgression, and sin; his mercy and goodness reach to the full and free forgiveness of sin. And will by no means clear the guilty; the holiness and justice of God are part of his goodness and love towards all his creatures. In Christ's sufferings, the Divine holiness and justice are fully shown, and the evil of sin is made known. God's forgiving mercy is always attended by his converting, sanctifying grace. None are pardoned but those who repent and forsake the allowed practice of every sin; nor shall any escape, who abuse, neglect, or despise this great salvation. Moses bowed down, and worshipped reverently. Every perfection in the name of God, the believer may plead with Him for the forgiveness of his sins, the making holy of his heart, and the enlargement of the Redeemer's kingdom.
vv10-17
The Israelites are commanded to destroy every monument of idolatry, however curious or costly; to refuse all alliance, friendship, or marriage with idolaters, and all idolatrous feasts; and they were reminded not with idolaters, and all idolatrous feats; and they were reminded not to repeat the crime of making molten images. Jealously is called the rage of a man, Pr 6:34; but in God it is holy and just displeasure. Those cannot worship God aright, who do not worship him only.
Key Words
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
פָּסַל: to carve, whether wood or stone
שְׁנַיִם: two; also (as ordinal) twofold
לוּחַ: probably meaning to glisten; a tablet (as polished), of stone, wood or metal
אֶבֶן: a stone
רִאשׁוֹן: first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
כָּתַב: to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
Cross References
Exodus 34Moses is commanded to hew two new tables of stone like the first, parallel to Deuteronomy 10:1.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul refers to the glory of Moses' shining face as the glory of the passing dispensation.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul explains that Moses put a veil over his face so Israel could not look to the end.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul contrasts the glory of the ministration of death written on stones with the Gospel's glory.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Moses appeals directly to this proclamation of the Name of the Lord for pardoning Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct parallel reciting God's attributes of mercy, forgiveness, and visiting iniquity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Repeats the Second Commandment prohibition of idolatry and the description of God's holy jealousy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Moses recalls his second forty-day fast of intercession for Israel's sin.
Supported by JFB
Confirms that God wrote the Ten Commandments on the second set of stone tables.
Supported by JFB
When Moses went in before the Lord, he took the veil off, typifying turning to the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfillment of God's promise to make His goodness pass before Moses and proclaim His Name.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prohibition of making covenants with Canaan's inhabitants to prevent them from becoming a snare.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Command to completely overthrow idolatrous altars and shatter their sacred pillars/groves.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Express prohibition against intermarrying with the Canaanites, lest they turn Israel to false gods.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Direct reference to God's law sanctifying all the firstborn males and firstlings to Himself.
Supported by John Calvin
Specific instruction on redeeming the firstling of an ass with a lamb, or breaking its neck.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Commands unleavened bread with the Passover sacrifice as the memorial bread of affliction.
Supported by John Calvin
Identical covenant mandate regarding firstfruits and the prohibition against seething a kid in its mother's milk.
Repeats the prohibition against boiling a young goat in its mother's milk.
Repetition of strict boundaries set around Sinai to preserve holiness and prevent unauthorized approach.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes the identical confession of God as full of compassion, gracious, longsuffering, and plenteous in mercy.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses pleads for God's presence to go among them, following up the previous chapter's dialogue.
Supported by JFB
Confirms the command that none shall appear before the Lord empty at the three feasts.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel command requiring all males to appear before the Lord three times a year.
Reiterates the three annual national pilgrim feasts for all Hebrew males.
Parallel prohibition against offering sacrifice with leaven or leaving Passover fat until morning.
Jesus' face shines like the sun at His Transfiguration, fulfilling and surpassing Moses' reflected glory.
Compares this forty-day period on the mount with Moses' first forty-day stay.