Exodus34
New Living Translation
1Then the Lord told Moses, “Chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones. I will write on them the same words that were on the tablets you smashed.
2Be ready in the morning to climb up Mount Sinai and present yourself to me on the top of the mountain.
3No one else may come with you. In fact, no one is to appear anywhere on the mountain. Do not even let the flocks or herds graze near the mountain.”
4So Moses chiseled out two tablets of stone like the first ones. Early in the morning he climbed Mount Sinai as the Lord had commanded him, and he carried the two stone tablets in his hands.
5Then the Lord came down in a cloud and stood there with him; and he called out his own name, Yahweh.
6The Lord passed in front of Moses, calling out, “Yahweh! The Lord! The God of compassion and mercy! I am slow to anger and filled with unfailing love and faithfulness.
7I lavish unfailing love to a thousand generations. I forgive iniquity, rebellion, and sin. But I do not excuse the guilty. I lay the sins of the parents upon their children and grandchildren; the entire family is affected— even children in the third and fourth generations.”
8Moses immediately threw himself to the ground and worshiped.
9And he said, “O Lord, if it is true that I have found favor with you, then please travel with us. Yes, this is a stubborn and rebellious people, but please forgive our iniquity and our sins. Claim us as your own special possession.”
10The Lord replied, “Listen, I am making a covenant with you in the presence of all your people. I will perform miracles that have never been performed anywhere in all the earth or in any nation. And all the people around you will see the power of the Lord—the awesome power I will display for you.
11But listen carefully to everything I command you today. Then I will go ahead of you and drive out the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.
12“Be very careful never to make a treaty with the people who live in the land where you are going. If you do, you will follow their evil ways and be trapped.
13Instead, you must break down their pagan altars, smash their sacred pillars, and cut down their Asherah poles.
14You must worship no other gods, for the Lord, whose very name is Jealous, is a God who is jealous about his relationship with you.
15“You must not make a treaty of any kind with the people living in the land. They lust after their gods, offering sacrifices to them. They will invite you to join them in their sacrificial meals, and you will go with them.
16Then you will accept their daughters, who sacrifice to other gods, as wives for your sons. And they will seduce your sons to commit adultery against me by worshiping other gods.
17You must not make any gods of molten metal for yourselves.
18“You must celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread. For seven days the bread you eat must be made without yeast, just as I commanded you. Celebrate this festival annually at the appointed time in early spring, in the month of Abib, for that is the anniversary of your departure from Egypt.
19“The firstborn of every animal belongs to me, including the firstborn males from your herds of cattle and your flocks of sheep and goats.
20A firstborn donkey may be bought back from the Lord by presenting a lamb or young goat in its place. But if you do not buy it back, you must break its neck. However, you must buy back every firstborn son. “No one may appear before me without an offering.
21“You have six days each week for your ordinary work, but on the seventh day you must stop working, even during the seasons of plowing and harvest.
22“You must celebrate the Festival of Harvest with the first crop of the wheat harvest, and celebrate the Festival of the Final Harvest at the end of the harvest season.
23Three times each year every man in Israel must appear before the Sovereign, the Lord, the God of Israel.
24I will drive out the other nations ahead of you and expand your territory, so no one will covet and conquer your land while you appear before the Lord your God three times each year.
25“You must not offer the blood of my sacrificial offerings together with any baked goods containing yeast. And none of the meat of the Passover sacrifice may be kept over until the next morning.
26“As you harvest your crops, bring the very best of the first harvest to the house of the Lord your God. “You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.”
27Then the Lord said to Moses, “Write down all these instructions, for they represent the terms of the covenant I am making with you and with Israel.”
28Moses remained there on the mountain with the Lord forty days and forty nights. In all that time he ate no bread and drank no water. And the Lord wrote the terms of the covenant—the Ten Commandments—on the stone tablets.
29When Moses came down Mount Sinai carrying the two stone tablets inscribed with the terms of the covenant, he wasn’t aware that his face had become radiant because he had spoken to the Lord.
30So when Aaron and the people of Israel saw the radiance of Moses’ face, they were afraid to come near him.
31But Moses called out to them and asked Aaron and all the leaders of the community to come over, and he talked with them.
32Then all the people of Israel approached him, and Moses gave them all the instructions the Lord had given him on Mount Sinai.
33When Moses finished speaking with them, he covered his face with a veil.
34But whenever he went into the Tent of Meeting to speak with the Lord, he would remove the veil until he came out again. Then he would give the people whatever instructions the Lord had given him,
35and the people of Israel would see the radiant glow of his face. So he would put the veil over his face until he returned to speak with the Lord.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 34.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The tables of the law renewed. (1–4). The name of the Lord proclaimed, The entreaty of Moses. (5–9). God's covenant. (10–17). The festivals. (18–27). The vail of Moses. (28–35).
vv1-4
When God made man in his own image, the moral law was written in his heart, by the finger of God, without outward means. But since the covenant then made with man was broken, the Lord has used the ministry of men, both in writing the law in the Scriptures, and in writing it in the heart. When God was reconciled to the Israelites, he ordered the tables to be renewed, and wrote his law in them. Even under the gospel of peace by Christ, the moral law continues to bind believers. Though Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, yet not from the commands of it. The first and the best evidence of the pardon of sin, and peace with God, is the writing the law in the heart.
vv5-9
The Lord descended by some open token of his presence and manifestation of his glory in a cloud, and thence proclaimed his NAME; that is, the perfections and character which are denoted by the name JEHOVAH. The Lord God is merciful; ready to forgive the sinner, and to relieve the needy. Gracious; kind, and ready to bestow undeserved benefits. Long-suffering; slow to anger, giving time for repentance, only punishing when it is needful. He is abundant in goodness and truth; even sinners receive the riches of his bounty abundantly, though they abuse them. All he reveals is infallible truth, all he promises is in faithfulness. Keeping mercy for thousands; he continually shows mercy to sinners, and has treasures, which cannot be exhausted, to the end of time. Forgiving iniquity, and transgression, and sin; his mercy and goodness reach to the full and free forgiveness of sin. And will by no means clear the guilty; the holiness and justice of God are part of his goodness and love towards all his creatures. In Christ's sufferings, the Divine holiness and justice are fully shown, and the evil of sin is made known. God's forgiving mercy is always attended by his converting, sanctifying grace. None are pardoned but those who repent and forsake the allowed practice of every sin; nor shall any escape, who abuse, neglect, or despise this great salvation. Moses bowed down, and worshipped reverently. Every perfection in the name of God, the believer may plead with Him for the forgiveness of his sins, the making holy of his heart, and the enlargement of the Redeemer's kingdom.
vv10-17
The Israelites are commanded to destroy every monument of idolatry, however curious or costly; to refuse all alliance, friendship, or marriage with idolaters, and all idolatrous feasts; and they were reminded not with idolaters, and all idolatrous feats; and they were reminded not to repeat the crime of making molten images. Jealously is called the rage of a man, Pr 6:34; but in God it is holy and just displeasure. Those cannot worship God aright, who do not worship him only.
Key Words
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
פָּסַל: to carve, whether wood or stone
שְׁנַיִם: two; also (as ordinal) twofold
לוּחַ: probably meaning to glisten; a tablet (as polished), of stone, wood or metal
אֶבֶן: a stone
רִאשׁוֹן: first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
כָּתַב: to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
Cross References
Exodus 34Moses is commanded to hew two new tables of stone like the first, parallel to Deuteronomy 10:1.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul refers to the glory of Moses' shining face as the glory of the passing dispensation.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul explains that Moses put a veil over his face so Israel could not look to the end.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul contrasts the glory of the ministration of death written on stones with the Gospel's glory.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Moses appeals directly to this proclamation of the Name of the Lord for pardoning Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct parallel reciting God's attributes of mercy, forgiveness, and visiting iniquity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Repeats the Second Commandment prohibition of idolatry and the description of God's holy jealousy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Moses recalls his second forty-day fast of intercession for Israel's sin.
Supported by JFB
Confirms that God wrote the Ten Commandments on the second set of stone tables.
Supported by JFB
When Moses went in before the Lord, he took the veil off, typifying turning to the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfillment of God's promise to make His goodness pass before Moses and proclaim His Name.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prohibition of making covenants with Canaan's inhabitants to prevent them from becoming a snare.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Command to completely overthrow idolatrous altars and shatter their sacred pillars/groves.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Express prohibition against intermarrying with the Canaanites, lest they turn Israel to false gods.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Direct reference to God's law sanctifying all the firstborn males and firstlings to Himself.
Supported by John Calvin
Specific instruction on redeeming the firstling of an ass with a lamb, or breaking its neck.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Commands unleavened bread with the Passover sacrifice as the memorial bread of affliction.
Supported by John Calvin
Identical covenant mandate regarding firstfruits and the prohibition against seething a kid in its mother's milk.
Repeats the prohibition against boiling a young goat in its mother's milk.
Repetition of strict boundaries set around Sinai to preserve holiness and prevent unauthorized approach.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes the identical confession of God as full of compassion, gracious, longsuffering, and plenteous in mercy.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses pleads for God's presence to go among them, following up the previous chapter's dialogue.
Supported by JFB
Confirms the command that none shall appear before the Lord empty at the three feasts.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel command requiring all males to appear before the Lord three times a year.
Reiterates the three annual national pilgrim feasts for all Hebrew males.
Parallel prohibition against offering sacrifice with leaven or leaving Passover fat until morning.
Jesus' face shines like the sun at His Transfiguration, fulfilling and surpassing Moses' reflected glory.
Compares this forty-day period on the mount with Moses' first forty-day stay.