Deuteronomy 10NLT
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Deuteronomy10

New Living Translation

1“At that time the Lord said to me, ‘Chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones. Also make a wooden Ark—a sacred chest to store them in. Come up to me on the mountain,

2and I will write on the tablets the same words that were on the ones you smashed. Then place the tablets in the Ark.’

3“So I made an Ark of acacia wood and cut two stone tablets like the first two. Then I went up the mountain with the tablets in my hand.

4Once again the Lord wrote the Ten Commandments on the tablets and gave them to me. They were the same words the Lord had spoken to you from the heart of the fire on the day you were assembled at the foot of the mountain.

5Then I turned and came down the mountain and placed the tablets in the Ark of the Covenant, which I had made, just as the Lord commanded me. And the tablets are still there in the Ark.”

6(The people of Israel set out from the wells of the people of Jaakan and traveled to Moserah, where Aaron died and was buried. His son Eleazar ministered as high priest in his place.

7Then they journeyed to Gudgodah, and from there to Jotbathah, a land with many brooks and streams.

8At that time the Lord set apart the tribe of Levi to carry the Ark of the Lord’s Covenant, and to stand before the Lord as his ministers, and to pronounce blessings in his name. These are their duties to this day.

9That is why the Levites have no share of property or possession of land among the other Israelite tribes. The Lord himself is their special possession, as the Lord your God told them.)

10“As for me, I stayed on the mountain in the Lord’s presence for forty days and nights, as I had done the first time. And once again the Lord listened to my pleas and agreed not to destroy you.

11Then the Lord said to me, ‘Get up and resume the journey, and lead the people to the land I swore to give to their ancestors, so they may take possession of it.’

12“And now, Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you? He requires only that you fear the Lord your God, and live in a way that pleases him, and love him and serve him with all your heart and soul.

13And you must always obey the Lord’s commands and decrees that I am giving you today for your own good.

14“Look, the highest heavens and the earth and everything in it all belong to the Lord your God.

15Yet the Lord chose your ancestors as the objects of his love. And he chose you, their descendants, above all other nations, as is evident today.

16Therefore, change your hearts and stop being stubborn.

17“For the Lord your God is the God of gods and Lord of lords. He is the great God, the mighty and awesome God, who shows no partiality and cannot be bribed.

18He ensures that orphans and widows receive justice. He shows love to the foreigners living among you and gives them food and clothing.

19So you, too, must show love to foreigners, for you yourselves were once foreigners in the land of Egypt.

20You must fear the Lord your God and worship him and cling to him. Your oaths must be in his name alone.

21He alone is your God, the only one who is worthy of your praise, the one who has done these mighty miracles that you have seen with your own eyes.

22When your ancestors went down into Egypt, there were only seventy of them. But now the Lord your God has made you as numerous as the stars in the sky!

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 10.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: God's mercies to Israel after their rebellion. (1–11). An exhortation to obedience. (12–22).

vv1-11

Moses reminded the Israelites of God's great mercy to them, notwithstanding their provocations. There were four things in and by which the Lord showed himself reconciled to Israel. God gave them his law. Thus God has intrusted us with Bibles, sabbaths, and sacraments, as tokens of his presence and favour. God led them forward toward Canaan. He appointed a standing ministry among them for holy things. And now, under the gospel, when the pouring forth of the Spirit is more plentiful and powerful, the succession is kept up by the Spirit's work on men's hearts, qualifying and making some willing for that work in every age. God accepted Moses as an advocate or intercessor for them, and therefore appointed him to be their prince and leader. Moses was a type of Christ, who ever lives, pleading for us, and has all power in heaven and in earth.

vv12-22

We are here taught our duty to God in our principles and our practices. We must fear the Lord our God. We must love him, and delight in communion with him. We must walk in the ways in which he has appointed us to walk. We must serve him with all our heart and soul. What we do in his service we must do cheerfully, and with good will. We must keep his commandments. There is true honour and pleasure in obedience. We must give honour to God; and to him we must cleave, as one we love and delight in, trust in, and from whom we have great expectations. We are here taught our duty to our neighbour. God's common gifts to mankind oblige us to honour all men. And those who have themselves been in distress, and have found mercy with God, should be ready to show kindness to those who are in the like distress. We are here taught our duty to ourselves. Circumcise your hearts. Cast away all corrupt affections and inclinations, which hinder you from fearing and loving God. By nature we do not love God. This is original sin, the source whence our wickedness proceeds; and the carnal mind is enmity against God, for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be; so then they that are in the flesh cannot please God, Ro 8:5–9. Let us, without delay or reserve, come and cleave to our reconciled God in Jesus Christ, that we may love, serve, and obey him acceptably, and be daily changed into his image, from glory to glory, by the Spirit of the Lord. Consider the greatness and glory of God; and his goodness and grace; these persuade us to our duty. Blessed Spirit! Oh for thy purifying, persevering, and renewing influences, that being called out of the state of strangers, such as our fathers were, we may be found among the number of the children of God, and that our lot may be among the saints.

Cross References

Deuteronomy 10
v16Romans 2:28thematic

Paul explains the spiritual reality of inward circumcision versus the mere physical, literal sign.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v16Romans 2:29thematic

Confirms circumcision of the heart in the spirit is the true mark of God's people.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v21 Kings 8:9thematic

Historical confirmation that nothing remained in the ark except the two stone tables.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v6Numbers 33:31contrast

The parallel itinerary that poses a chronological difficulty regarding the journey order.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Numbers 20:28thematic

Records Aaron's death and Eleazar succeeding him in the high priest's office.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Micah 6:8thematic

Echoes the core requirement of what the Lord requires: walking humbly and fearing God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Exodus 34:1thematic

The command to hew two tables of stone like the first after the golden calf sin.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v16Deuteronomy 30:6thematic

Later Deuteronomy passage promising that God will circumcise their hearts to love Him.

Supported by John Calvin

v17Acts 10:34thematic

Peter echoes the truth that God is no respecter of persons.

Supported by John Calvin

v17Revelation 19:16thematic

Christ bears the supreme title of Lord of lords and King of kings.

Supported by John Calvin

v19Exodus 22:21thematic

Command not to vex strangers, remembering Israel's own experience as strangers in Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Exodus 25:16-22thematic

Command to place the testimony of the law inside the wooden ark.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Explains the legal provisions for Levi's lack of inheritance, having the Lord as their portion.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v10Deuteronomy 9:18thematic

Moses recalls falling down before the Lord forty days and nights to intercede.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v22Genesis 46:27thematic

Traces the literal count of seventy persons who originally went down into Egypt.

Supported by John Calvin