Exodus 34NIV
Books
All books

Exodus34

New International Version

1The Lord said to Moses, “Chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones, and I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke.

2Be ready in the morning, and then come up on Mount Sinai. Present yourself to me there on top of the mountain.

3No one is to come with you or be seen anywhere on the mountain; not even the flocks and herds may graze in front of the mountain.”

4So Moses chiseled out two stone tablets like the first ones and went up Mount Sinai early in the morning, as the Lord had commanded him; and he carried the two stone tablets in his hands.

5Then the Lord came down in the cloud and stood there with him and proclaimed his name, the Lord.

6And he passed in front of Moses, proclaiming, “The Lord, the Lord, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness,

7maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin. Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished; he punishes the children and their children for the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation.”

8Moses bowed to the ground at once and worshiped.

9“Lord,” he said, “if I have found favor in your eyes, then let the Lord go with us. Although this is a stiff-necked people, forgive our wickedness and our sin, and take us as your inheritance.”

10Then the Lord said: “I am making a covenant with you. Before all your people I will do wonders never before done in any nation in all the world. The people you live among will see how awesome is the work that I, the Lord, will do for you.

11Obey what I command you today. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites.

12Be careful not to make a treaty with those who live in the land where you are going, or they will be a snare among you.

13Break down their altars, smash their sacred stones and cut down their Asherah poles.

14Do not worship any other god, for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.

15“Be careful not to make a treaty with those who live in the land; for when they prostitute themselves to their gods and sacrifice to them, they will invite you and you will eat their sacrifices.

16And when you choose some of their daughters as wives for your sons and those daughters prostitute themselves to their gods, they will lead your sons to do the same.

17“Do not make any idols.

18“Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread. For seven days eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you. Do this at the appointed time in the month of Aviv, for in that month you came out of Egypt.

19“The first offspring of every womb belongs to me, including all the firstborn males of your livestock, whether from herd or flock.

20Redeem the firstborn donkey with a lamb, but if you do not redeem it, break its neck. Redeem all your firstborn sons. “No one is to appear before me empty-handed.

21“Six days you shall labor, but on the seventh day you shall rest; even during the plowing season and harvest you must rest.

22“Celebrate the Festival of Weeks with the firstfruits of the wheat harvest, and the Festival of Ingathering at the turn of the year.

23Three times a year all your men are to appear before the Sovereign Lord, the God of Israel.

24I will drive out nations before you and enlarge your territory, and no one will covet your land when you go up three times each year to appear before the Lord your God.

25“Do not offer the blood of a sacrifice to me along with anything containing yeast, and do not let any of the sacrifice from the Passover Festival remain until morning.

26“Bring the best of the firstfruits of your soil to the house of the Lord your God. “Do not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.”

27Then the Lord said to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.”

28Moses was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant—the Ten Commandments.

29When Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the covenant law in his hands, he was not aware that his face was radiant because he had spoken with the Lord.

30When Aaron and all the Israelites saw Moses, his face was radiant, and they were afraid to come near him.

31But Moses called to them; so Aaron and all the leaders of the community came back to him, and he spoke to them.

32Afterward all the Israelites came near him, and he gave them all the commands the Lord had given him on Mount Sinai.

33When Moses finished speaking to them, he put a veil over his face.

34But whenever he entered the Lord’s presence to speak with him, he removed the veil until he came out. And when he came out and told the Israelites what he had been commanded,

35they saw that his face was radiant. Then Moses would put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak with the Lord.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 34.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The tables of the law renewed. (1–4). The name of the Lord proclaimed, The entreaty of Moses. (5–9). God's covenant. (10–17). The festivals. (18–27). The vail of Moses. (28–35).

vv1-4

When God made man in his own image, the moral law was written in his heart, by the finger of God, without outward means. But since the covenant then made with man was broken, the Lord has used the ministry of men, both in writing the law in the Scriptures, and in writing it in the heart. When God was reconciled to the Israelites, he ordered the tables to be renewed, and wrote his law in them. Even under the gospel of peace by Christ, the moral law continues to bind believers. Though Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, yet not from the commands of it. The first and the best evidence of the pardon of sin, and peace with God, is the writing the law in the heart.

vv5-9

The Lord descended by some open token of his presence and manifestation of his glory in a cloud, and thence proclaimed his NAME; that is, the perfections and character which are denoted by the name JEHOVAH. The Lord God is merciful; ready to forgive the sinner, and to relieve the needy. Gracious; kind, and ready to bestow undeserved benefits. Long-suffering; slow to anger, giving time for repentance, only punishing when it is needful. He is abundant in goodness and truth; even sinners receive the riches of his bounty abundantly, though they abuse them. All he reveals is infallible truth, all he promises is in faithfulness. Keeping mercy for thousands; he continually shows mercy to sinners, and has treasures, which cannot be exhausted, to the end of time. Forgiving iniquity, and transgression, and sin; his mercy and goodness reach to the full and free forgiveness of sin. And will by no means clear the guilty; the holiness and justice of God are part of his goodness and love towards all his creatures. In Christ's sufferings, the Divine holiness and justice are fully shown, and the evil of sin is made known. God's forgiving mercy is always attended by his converting, sanctifying grace. None are pardoned but those who repent and forsake the allowed practice of every sin; nor shall any escape, who abuse, neglect, or despise this great salvation. Moses bowed down, and worshipped reverently. Every perfection in the name of God, the believer may plead with Him for the forgiveness of his sins, the making holy of his heart, and the enlargement of the Redeemer's kingdom.

vv10-17

The Israelites are commanded to destroy every monument of idolatry, however curious or costly; to refuse all alliance, friendship, or marriage with idolaters, and all idolatrous feasts; and they were reminded not with idolaters, and all idolatrous feats; and they were reminded not to repeat the crime of making molten images. Jealously is called the rage of a man, Pr 6:34; but in God it is holy and just displeasure. Those cannot worship God aright, who do not worship him only.

Cross References

Exodus 34

Moses is commanded to hew two new tables of stone like the first, parallel to Deuteronomy 10:1.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

Paul refers to the glory of Moses' shining face as the glory of the passing dispensation.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Paul explains that Moses put a veil over his face so Israel could not look to the end.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Paul contrasts the glory of the ministration of death written on stones with the Gospel's glory.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v5Numbers 14:17thematic

Moses appeals directly to this proclamation of the Name of the Lord for pardoning Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Numbers 14:18thematic

Direct parallel reciting God's attributes of mercy, forgiveness, and visiting iniquity.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Exodus 20:3-5thematic

Repeats the Second Commandment prohibition of idolatry and the description of God's holy jealousy.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v28Deuteronomy 9:18thematic

Moses recalls his second forty-day fast of intercession for Israel's sin.

Supported by JFB

v28Deuteronomy 10:4thematic

Confirms that God wrote the Ten Commandments on the second set of stone tables.

Supported by JFB

When Moses went in before the Lord, he took the veil off, typifying turning to the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v5Exodus 33:19thematic

Fulfillment of God's promise to make His goodness pass before Moses and proclaim His Name.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12Deuteronomy 7:2thematic

Prohibition of making covenants with Canaan's inhabitants to prevent them from becoming a snare.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v13Exodus 23:24thematic

Command to completely overthrow idolatrous altars and shatter their sacred pillars/groves.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v16Deuteronomy 7:3thematic

Express prohibition against intermarrying with the Canaanites, lest they turn Israel to false gods.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v19Exodus 13:2thematic

Direct reference to God's law sanctifying all the firstborn males and firstlings to Himself.

Supported by John Calvin

v20Exodus 13:13thematic

Specific instruction on redeeming the firstling of an ass with a lamb, or breaking its neck.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v25Deuteronomy 16:3thematic

Commands unleavened bread with the Passover sacrifice as the memorial bread of affliction.

Supported by John Calvin

v26Exodus 23:19thematic

Identical covenant mandate regarding firstfruits and the prohibition against seething a kid in its mother's milk.

Repeats the prohibition against boiling a young goat in its mother's milk.

v3Exodus 19:12thematic

Repetition of strict boundaries set around Sinai to preserve holiness and prevent unauthorized approach.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Psalms 86:15thematic

Echoes the identical confession of God as full of compassion, gracious, longsuffering, and plenteous in mercy.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v9Exodus 33:14-16thematic

Moses pleads for God's presence to go among them, following up the previous chapter's dialogue.

Supported by JFB

Confirms the command that none shall appear before the Lord empty at the three feasts.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Exodus 23:17thematic

Parallel command requiring all males to appear before the Lord three times a year.

Reiterates the three annual national pilgrim feasts for all Hebrew males.

v25Exodus 23:18thematic

Parallel prohibition against offering sacrifice with leaven or leaving Passover fat until morning.

v29Matthew 17:2typology

Jesus' face shines like the sun at His Transfiguration, fulfilling and surpassing Moses' reflected glory.

v28Exodus 24:18thematic

Compares this forty-day period on the mount with Moses' first forty-day stay.