Exodus33
New American Standard
1Then the Lord spoke to Moses, “Depart, go up from here, you and the people whom you have brought up from the land of Egypt, to the land of which I swore to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, saying, ‘To your descendants I will give it.’
2And I will send an angel before you and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.
3Go up to a land flowing with milk and honey; for I will not go up in your midst, because you are an obstinate people, and I might destroy you on the way.”
4When the people heard this sad word, they went into mourning, and none of them put on his jewelry.
5For the Lord had said to Moses, “Say to the sons of Israel, ‘You are an obstinate people; if I were to go up in your midst for just one moment, I would destroy you. So now, take off your jewelry that I may know what I shall do to you.’”
6So the sons of Israel stripped themselves of their jewelry, from Mount Horeb onward.
7Now Moses used to take the tent and pitch it outside the camp, a good distance from the camp, and he called it the tent of meeting. And everyone who sought the Lord would go out to the tent of meeting which was outside the camp.
8And it came about, whenever Moses went out to the tent, that all the people would arise and stand, each at the entrance of his tent, and gaze after Moses until he entered the tent.
9Whenever Moses entered the tent, the pillar of cloud would descend and stand at the entrance of the tent; and the Lord would speak with Moses.
10When all the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance of the tent, all the people would stand and worship, each at the entrance of his tent.
11So the Lord used to speak to Moses face to face, just as a man speaks to his friend. When Moses returned to the camp, his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, would not depart from the tent.
12Then Moses said to the Lord, “See, You say to me, ‘Bring up this people!’ But You Yourself have not let me know whom You will send with me. Moreover, You have said, ‘I have known you by name, and you have also found favor in My sight.’
13Now then, if I have found favor in Your sight in any way, please let me know Your ways so that I may know You, in order that I may find favor in Your sight. Consider too, that this nation is Your people.”
14And He said, “My presence shall go with you, and I will give you rest.”
15Then he said to Him, “If Your presence does not go with us, do not lead us up from here.
16For how then can it be known that I have found favor in Your sight, I and Your people? Is it not by Your going with us, so that we, I and Your people, may be distinguished from all the other people who are on the face of the earth?”
17The Lord said to Moses, “I will also do this thing of which you have spoken; for you have found favor in My sight and I have known you by name.”
18Then Moses said, “Please, show me Your glory!”
19And He said, “I Myself will make all My goodness pass before you, and will proclaim the name of the Lord before you; and I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show compassion to whom I will show compassion.”
20He further said, “You cannot see My face, for mankind shall not see Me and live!”
21Then the Lord said, “Behold, there is a place by Me, and you shall stand there on the rock;
22and it will come about, while My glory is passing by, that I will put you in the cleft of the rock and cover you with My hand until I have passed by.
23Then I will take My hand away and you shall see My back, but My face shall not be seen.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 33.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Lord refuses to go with Israel. (1–6). The tabernacle of Moses removed without the camp. (7–11). Moses desires to see the glory of God. (12–23).
vv1-6
Those whom God pardons, must be made to know what their sin deserved. “Let them go forward as they are;” this was very expressive of God's displeasure. Though he promises to make good his covenant with Abraham, in giving them Canaan, yet he denies them the tokens of his presence they had been blessed with. The people mourned for their sin. Of all the bitter fruits and consequences of sin, true penitents most lament, and dread most, God's departure from them. Canaan itself would be no pleasant land without the Lord's presence. Those who parted with ornaments to maintain sin, could do no less than lay aside ornaments, in token of sorrow and shame for it.
vv7-11
Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the camp. This seems to have been a temporary building, set up for worship, and at which he judged disputes among the people. The people looked after him; they were very desirous to be at peace with God, and concerned to know what would come to pass. The cloudy pillar which had withdrawn from the camp when it was polluted with idolatry, now returned. If our hearts go forth toward God to meet him, he will graciously come to meet us.
vv12-23
Moses is very earnest with God. Thus, by the intercession of Christ, we are not only saved from ruin, but become entitled to everlasting happiness. Observe here how he pleads. We find grace in God's sight, if we find grace in our hearts to guide and quicken us in the way of our duty. Moses speaks as one who dreaded the thought of going forward without the Lord's presence. God's gracious promises, and mercy towards us, should not only encourage our faith, but also excite our fervency in prayer. Observe how he speeds. See, in a type, Christ's intercession, which he ever lives to make for all that come to God by him; and that it is not by any thing in those for whom he intercedes. Moses then entreats a sight of God's glory, and is heard in that also. A full discovery of the glory of God, would overwhelm even Moses himself. Man is mean, and unworthy of it; weak, and could not bear it; guilty, and could not but dread it. The merciful display which is made in Christ Jesus, alone can be borne by us. The Lord granted that which would abundantly satisfy. God's goodness is his glory; and he will have us to know him by the glory of his mercy, more than by the glory of his majesty. Upon the rock there was a fit place for Moses to view the goodness and glory of God. The rock in Horeb was typical of Christ the Rock; the Rock of refuge, salvation, and strength. Happy are they who stand upon this Rock. The cleft may be an emblem of Christ, as smitten, crucified, wounded, and slain. What follows, denotes the imperfect knowledge of God in the present state, even as revealed in Christ; for this, when compared with the heavenly sight of him. is but like seeing a man that is gone by, whose back only is to be seen. God in Christ, as he is, even the fullest and brightest displays of his glory, grace, and goodness, are reserved to another state.
Key Words
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
יָלַךְ: to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses)
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
זֶה: the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
מִצְרַיִם: Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
Cross References
Exodus 33Paul quotes verse 19 verbatim to demonstrate God's absolute sovereignty in election and mercy.
Supported by John Calvin
Directly explains why God's face cannot be seen: no man can see Him and live.
Directly recalls this chapter's key description of Moses' unique privilege of speaking to God 'face to face'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels God's intimate, direct communication with Moses, contrasting it with ordinary prophetic dreams.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies the spiritual Rock as Christ, in whom believers are securely placed.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Affirms that no man has seen God's essence; He is revealed only in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Typologically links going 'without the camp' to find God's tabernacle with believers going out to Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses immediately utilizes God's revealed grace to intercede further for the stiffnecked nation.
Clarifies the impossibility of seeing God's essence, fully revealed only in the incarnate Son.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel revelation of God's presence passing by Elijah on Mount Horeb.
Elijah wraps his face in his mantle as the Lord passes by, shielding his sight.
Contrasts our present, limited, 'back parts' knowledge of God with future 'face to face' sight.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms God dwells in unapproachable light, whom no human eye has seen or can see.
Parallels Moses' description as God's friend with Abraham's title, signifying deep covenant intimacy.
Refers historically to God's presence ('the angel of his presence') leading and saving Israel.
Echoes Moses' plea that God's presence is what separates Israel from all other nations.
Portrays God as the protecting Rock of refuge, salvation, and strength.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Points to Christ as the ultimate mediator in whom God displays His merciful presence.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Highlights that we only see the mere 'outer fringes' of God's ways.
Provides the immediate literary context of God ordering Moses to lead the people after the golden calf.
Supported by JFB