Nehemiah9
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1Now in the twenty and fourth day of this month the children of Israel were assembled with fasting, and with sackcloth, and earth upon them.
2And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all foreigners, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers.
3And they stood up in their place, and read in the book of the law of Jehovah their God a fourth part of the day; and another fourth part they confessed, and worshipped Jehovah their God.
4Then stood up upon the stairs of the Levites, Jeshua, and Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenani, and cried with a loud voice unto Jehovah their God.
5Then the Levites, Jeshua, and Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabneiah, Sherebiah, Hodiah, Shebaniah, and Pethahiah, said, Stand up and bless Jehovah your God from everlasting to everlasting; and blessed be thy glorious name, which is exalted above all blessing and praise.
6Thou art Jehovah, even thou alone; thou hast made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their host, the earth and all things that are thereon, the seas and all that is in them, and thou preservest them all; and the host of heaven worshippeth thee.
7Thou art Jehovah the God, who didst choose Abram, and broughtest him forth out of Ur of the Chaldees, and gavest him the name of Abraham,
8and foundest his heart faithful before thee, and madest a covenant with him to give the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite, and the Girgashite, to give it unto his seed, and hast performed thy words; for thou art righteous.
9And thou sawest the affliction of our fathers in Egypt, and heardest their cry by the Red Sea,
10and showedst signs and wonders upon Pharaoh, and on all his servants, and on all the people of his land; for thou knewest that they dealt proudly against them, and didst get thee a name, as it is this day.
11And thou didst divide the sea before them, so that they went through the midst of the sea on the dry land; and their pursuers thou didst cast into the depths, as a stone into the mighty waters.
12Moreover in a pillar of cloud thou leddest them by day; and in a pillar of fire by night, to give them light in the way wherein they should go.
13Thou camest down also upon mount Sinai, and spakest with them from heaven, and gavest them right ordinances and true laws, good statutes and commandments,
14and madest known unto them thy holy sabbath, and commandedst them commandments, and statutes, and a law, by Moses thy servant,
15and gavest them bread from heaven for their hunger, and broughtest forth water for them out of the rock for their thirst, and commandedst them that they should go in to possess the land which thou hadst sworn to give them.
16But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their neck, and hearkened not to thy commandments,
17and refused to obey, neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them, but hardened their neck, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage. But thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in lovingkindness, and forsookest them not.
18Yea, when they had made them a molten calf, and said, This is thy God that brought thee up out of Egypt, and had wrought great provocations;
19yet thou in thy manifold mercies forsookest them not in the wilderness: the pillar of cloud departed not from over them by day, to lead them in the way; neither the pillar of fire by night, to show them light, and the way wherein they should go.
20Thou gavest also thy good Spirit to instruct them, and withheldest not thy manna from their mouth, and gavest them water for their thirst.
21Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, and they lacked nothing; their clothes waxed not old, and their feet swelled not.
22Moreover thou gavest them kingdoms and peoples, which thou didst allot after their portions: so they possessed the land of Sihon, even the land of the king of Heshbon, and the land of Og king of Bashan.
23Their children also multipliedst thou as the stars of heaven, and broughtest them into the land concerning which thou didst say to their fathers, that they should go in to possess it.
24So the children went in and possessed the land, and thou subduedst before them the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, and gavest them into their hands, with their kings, and the peoples of the land, that they might do with them as they would.
25And they took fortified cities, and a fat land, and possessed houses full of all good things, cisterns hewn out, vineyards, and oliveyards, and fruit-trees in abundance: so they did eat, and were filled, and became fat, and delighted themselves in thy great goodness.
26Nevertheless they were disobedient, and rebelled against thee, and cast thy law behind their back, and slew thy prophets that testified against them to turn them again unto thee, and they wrought great provocations.
27Therefore thou deliveredst them into the hand of their adversaries, who distressed them: and in the time of their trouble, when they cried unto thee, thou heardest from heaven; and according to thy manifold mercies thou gavest them saviours who saved them out of the hand of their adversaries.
28But after they had rest, they did evil again before thee; therefore leftest thou them in the hand of their enemies, so that they had the dominion over them: yet when they returned, and cried unto thee, thou heardest from heaven; and many times didst thou deliver them according to thy mercies,
29and testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law. Yet they dealt proudly, and hearkened not unto thy commandments, but sinned against thine ordinances (which if a man do, he shall live in them), and withdrew the shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear.
30Yet many years didst thou bear with them, and testifiedst against them by thy Spirit through thy prophets: yet would they not give ear: therefore gavest thou them into the hand of the peoples of the lands.
31Nevertheless in thy manifold mercies thou didst not make a full end of them, nor forsake them; for thou art a gracious and merciful God.
32Now therefore, our God, the great, the mighty, and the terrible God, who keepest covenant and lovingkindness, let not all the travail seem little before thee, that hath come upon us, on our kings, on our princes, and on our priests, and on our prophets, and on our fathers, and on all thy people, since the time of the kings of Assyria unto this day.
33Howbeit thou art just in all that is come upon us; for thou hast dealt truly, but we have done wickedly;
34neither have our kings, our princes, our priests, nor our fathers, kept thy law, nor hearkened unto thy commandments and thy testimonies wherewith thou didst testify against them.
35For they have not served thee in their kingdom, and in thy great goodness that thou gavest them, and in the large and fat land which thou gavest before them, neither turned they from their wicked works.
36Behold, we are servants this day, and as for the land that thou gavest unto our fathers to eat the fruit thereof and the good thereof, behold, we are servants in it.
37And it yieldeth much increase unto the kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins: also they have power over our bodies, and over our cattle, at their pleasure, and we are in great distress.
38And yet for all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; and our princes, our Levites, and our priests, seal unto it.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nehemiah 9.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: A solemn fast. (1–3). Prayer and confession of sin. (4–38).
vv1-3
The word will direct and quicken prayer, for by it the Spirit helps our infirmities in prayer. The careful study of God's word will more and more discover to us our own sinfulness, and the plenteousness of his salvation; thus it calls us to mourn for sin, and to rejoice in him. Every discovery of the truth of God, should render us more unwearied in attendance on his sacred word, and on his worship.
vv4-38
The summary of their prayers we have here upon record. Much more, no doubt, was said. Whatever ability we have to do any thing in the way of duty, we are to serve and glorify God according to the utmost of it. When confessing our sins, it is good to notice the mercies of God, that we may be the more humbled and ashamed. The dealings of the Lord showed his goodness and long-suffering, and the hardness of their hearts. The testimony of the prophets was the testimony of the Spirit in the prophets, and it was the Spirit of Christ in them. They spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost, and what they said is to be received accordingly. The result was, wonder at the Lord's mercies, and the feeling that sin had brought them to their present state, from which nothing but unmerited love could rescue them. And is not their conduct a specimen of human nature? Let us study the history of our land, and our own history. Let us recollect our advantages from childhood, and ask what were our first returns? Let us frequently do so, that we may be kept humble, thankful, and watchful. Let all remember that pride and obstinacy are sins which ruin the soul. But it is often as hard to persuade the broken-hearted to hope, as formerly it was to bring them to fear. Is this thy case? Behold this sweet promise, A God ready to pardon! Instead of keeping away from God under a sense of unworthiness, let us come boldly to the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need. He is a God ready to pardon.
Key Words
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
זֶה: the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אָסַף: to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
צוֹם: a fast
שַׂק: properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run through), i.e. coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grain, etc.)
אֲדָמָה: soil (from its general redness)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
Cross References
Nehemiah 9Direct parallel detailing God leading Israel by a cloudy pillar by day and fire by night.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The historical account of Israel making the molten calf in the wilderness as confessed here.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The physical departure of Abram from Ur of the Chaldees, directly recounted in Nehemiah's prayer.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The dividing of the Red Sea so that Israel went through on dry land.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Alludes directly to God's self-revelation as gracious, merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in kindness.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God putting His Spirit upon the elders to instruct and assist in leading Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct verbal parallel regarding forty years of sustenance: clothes not waxing old, feet not swelling.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the language of eating, being filled, and growing fat, leading to rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct quotation of the legal promise: 'which if a man do, he shall live in them.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identical theology of God's perfect justice and righteousness in contrast to Israel's wickedness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Establishes the timing of the feast of Tabernacles just preceding this solemn national assembly.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The formalizing of the covenant to give Abram's seed the land of the Canaanites.
Supported by JFB
God seeing the affliction of the fathers in Egypt and hearing their cry.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The giving of manna from heaven (bread) to satisfy their hunger.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The historical conquest of Sihon king of Heshbon and Og king of Bashan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Exact physical description of possessing houses full of good things, wells digged, and vineyards.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Christ's lament echoes the killing of the prophets who testified against them to turn them.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the cycle of rebellion, captivity, crying out in distress, and God's manifold mercies.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Condemnation for not serving God in the abundance of all things in their kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The curse of serving enemies in hunger, thirst, and nakedness in the land.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The practical execution of separating the mixed multitude of strangers from Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The descent of God upon Mount Sinai to speak with Israel.
Supported by JFB
The specific rebellion where the people proposed appointing a captain to return to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Stephen's speech links resisting the Holy Spirit with persecuting the prophets.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the character of God as 'great, mighty, and terrible,' keeping covenant and mercy.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explicates the paradox of being 'servants this day' under Persian dominion in their land.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The immediate historical execution of the sealed covenant described in the subsequent chapter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the host of heaven standing around the Lord and worshipping Him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The foundational covenant promise to multiply Abraham's descendants as the stars of heaven.
Supported by JFB