Deuteronomy32
New Living Translation
1“Listen, O heavens, and I will speak! Hear, O earth, the words that I say!
2Let my teaching fall on you like rain; let my speech settle like dew. Let my words fall like rain on tender grass, like gentle showers on young plants.
3I will proclaim the name of the Lord; how glorious is our God!
4He is the Rock; his deeds are perfect. Everything he does is just and fair. He is a faithful God who does no wrong; how just and upright he is!
5“But they have acted corruptly toward him; when they act so perversely, are they really his children? They are a deceitful and twisted generation.
6Is this the way you repay the Lord, you foolish and senseless people? Isn’t he your Father who created you? Has he not made you and established you?
7Remember the days of long ago; think about the generations past. Ask your father, and he will inform you. Inquire of your elders, and they will tell you.
8When the Most High assigned lands to the nations, when he divided up the human race, he established the boundaries of the peoples according to the number in his heavenly court.
9“For the people of Israel belong to the Lord; Jacob is his special possession.
10He found them in a desert land, in an empty, howling wasteland. He surrounded them and watched over them; he guarded them as he would guard his own eyes.
11Like an eagle that rouses her chicks and hovers over her young, so he spread his wings to take them up and carried them safely on his pinions.
12The Lord alone guided them; they followed no foreign gods.
13He let them ride over the highlands and feast on the crops of the fields. He nourished them with honey from the rock and olive oil from the stony ground.
14He fed them yogurt from the herd and milk from the flock, together with the fat of lambs. He gave them choice rams from Bashan, and goats, together with the choicest wheat. You drank the finest wine, made from the juice of grapes.
15“But Israel soon became fat and unruly; the people grew heavy, plump, and stuffed! Then they abandoned the God who had made them; they made light of the Rock of their salvation.
16They stirred up his jealousy by worshiping foreign gods; they provoked his fury with detestable deeds.
17They offered sacrifices to demons, which are not God, to gods they had not known before, to new gods only recently arrived, to gods their ancestors had never feared.
18You neglected the Rock who had fathered you; you forgot the God who had given you birth.
19“The Lord saw this and drew back, provoked to anger by his own sons and daughters.
20He said, ‘I will abandon them; then see what becomes of them. For they are a twisted generation, children without integrity.
21They have roused my jealousy by worshiping things that are not God; they have provoked my anger with their useless idols. Now I will rouse their jealousy through people who are not even a people; I will provoke their anger through the foolish Gentiles.
22For my anger blazes forth like fire and burns to the depths of the grave. It devours the earth and all its crops and ignites the foundations of the mountains.
23I will heap disasters upon them and shoot them down with my arrows.
24I will weaken them with famine, burning fever, and deadly disease. I will send the fangs of wild beasts and poisonous snakes that glide in the dust.
25Outside, the sword will bring death, and inside, terror will strike both young men and young women, both infants and the aged.
26I would have annihilated them, wiping out even the memory of them.
27But I feared the taunt of Israel’s enemy, who might misunderstand and say, “Our own power has triumphed! The Lord had nothing to do with this!”’
28“But Israel is a senseless nation; the people are foolish, without understanding.
29Oh, that they were wise and could understand this! Oh, that they might know their fate!
30How could one person chase a thousand of them, and two people put ten thousand to flight, unless their Rock had sold them, unless the Lord had given them up?
31But the rock of our enemies is not like our Rock, as even they recognize.
32Their vine grows from the vine of Sodom, from the vineyards of Gomorrah. Their grapes are poison, and their clusters are bitter.
33Their wine is the venom of serpents, the deadly poison of cobras.
34“The Lord says, ‘Am I not storing up these things, sealing them away in my treasury?
35I will take revenge; I will pay them back. In due time their feet will slip. Their day of disaster will arrive, and their destiny will overtake them.’
36“Indeed, the Lord will give justice to his people, and he will change his mind about his servants, when he sees their strength is gone and no one is left, slave or free.
37Then he will ask, ‘Where are their gods, the rocks they fled to for refuge?
38Where now are those gods, who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their offerings? Let those gods arise and help you! Let them provide you with shelter!
39Look now; I myself am he! There is no other god but me! I am the one who kills and gives life; I am the one who wounds and heals; no one can be rescued from my powerful hand!
40Now I raise my hand to heaven and declare, “As surely as I live,
41when I sharpen my flashing sword and begin to carry out justice, I will take revenge on my enemies and repay those who reject me.
42I will make my arrows drunk with blood, and my sword will devour flesh— the blood of the slaughtered and the captives, and the heads of the enemy leaders.”’
43“Rejoice with him, you heavens, and let all of God’s angels worship him. Rejoice with his people, you Gentiles, and let all the angels be strengthened in him. For he will avenge the blood of his children; he will take revenge against his enemies. He will repay those who hate him and cleanse his people’s land.”
44So Moses came with Joshua son of Nun and recited all the words of this song to the people.
45When Moses had finished reciting all these words to the people of Israel,
46he added: “Take to heart all the words of warning I have given you today. Pass them on as a command to your children so they will obey every word of these instructions.
47These instructions are not empty words—they are your life! By obeying them you will enjoy a long life in the land you will occupy when you cross the Jordan River.”
48That same day the Lord said to Moses,
49“Go to Moab, to the mountains east of the river, and climb Mount Nebo, which is across from Jericho. Look out across the land of Canaan, the land I am giving to the people of Israel as their own special possession.
50Then you will die there on the mountain. You will join your ancestors, just as Aaron, your brother, died on Mount Hor and joined his ancestors.
51For both of you betrayed me with the Israelites at the waters of Meribah at Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin. You failed to demonstrate my holiness to the people of Israel there.
52So you will see the land from a distance, but you may not enter the land I am giving to the people of Israel.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 32.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The song of Moses. (1, 2). The character of God, The character of Israel. (3–6). The great things God had done for Israel. (7–14). The wickedness of Israel. (19–25). The judgments which would come upon them for their sins. (15–18). Deserved vengeance withheld. (26–38). God's deliverance for his people. (39–43). The exhortation with which the song was delivered. (44–47). Moses to go up mount Nebo to die. (48–52).
vv1-2
Moses begins with a solemn appeal to heaven and earth, concerning the truth and importance of what he was about to say. His doctrine is the gospel, the speech of God, the doctrine of Christ; the doctrine of grace and mercy through him, and of life and salvation by him.
vv3-6
“He is a Rock.” This is the first time God is called so in Scripture. The expression denotes that the Divine power, faithfulness, and love, as revealed in Christ and the gospel, form a foundation which cannot be changed or moved, on which we may build our hopes of happiness. And under his protection we may find refuge from all our enemies, and in all our troubles; as the rocks in those countries sheltered from the burning rays of the sun, and from tempests, or were fortresses from the enemy. “His work is perfect:” that of redemption and salvation, in which there is a display of all the Divine perfection, complete in all its parts. All God's dealings with his creatures are regulated by wisdom which cannot err, and perfect justice. He is indeed just and right; he takes care that none shall lose by him. A high charge is exhibited against Israel. Even God's children have their spots, while in this imperfect state; for if we say we have no sin, no spot, we deceive ourselves. But the sin of Israel was not habitual, notorious, unrepented sin; which is a certain mark of the children of Satan. They were fools to forsake their mercies for lying vanities. All wilful sinners, especially sinners in Israel, are unwise and ungrateful.
vv7-14
Moses gives particular instances of God's kindness and concern for them. The eagle's care for her young is a beautiful emblem of Christ's love, who came between Divine justice and our guilty souls, and bare our sins in his own body on the tree. And by the preached gospel, and the influences of the Holy Spirit, He stirs up and prevails upon sinners to leave Satan's bondage. In verses 13, 14, are emblems of the conquest believers have over their spiritual enemies, sin, Satan, and the world, in and through Christ. Also of their safety and triumph in him; of their happy frames of soul, when they are above the world, and the things of it. This will be the blessed case of spiritual Israel in every sense in the latter day.
Key Words
אָזַן: to broaden out the ear (with the hand), i.e. (by implication) to listen
שָׁמַיִם: the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
אֵמֶר: something said
פֶּה: the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition) according to
לֶקַח: properly, something received, i.e. (mentally) instruction (whether on the part of the teacher or hearer); also (in an active and sinister sense) inveiglement
עָרַף: to droop; hence, to drip
מָטַר: rain
Cross References
Deuteronomy 32Isaiah mirrors Moses' solemn opening appeal to heaven and earth to witness Israel's rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul explicitly quotes Deuteronomy 32:21 to show God's calling of the Gentiles to provoke Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Directly quotes 'Vengeance is mine, I will repay' to warn of God's fearful judgment.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul directly quotes Deuteronomy 32:43 in Romans to prove God's inclusion of the Gentiles.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies the wilderness Rock from which Israel drank and trusted as a type of Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul affirms God's sovereign hand in dividing the nations and setting the bounds of their habitation.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the vivid description of God bearing Israel out of Egypt on eagles' wings.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul confirms that pagan idolatry is fundamentally sacrifice offered to devils rather than to God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Expounds the theological mystery of salvation coming to Gentiles to provoke Israel to jealousy.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Alludes directly to provoking the Lord to jealousy through idolatrous practices and partnerships.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes verse 35 to command believers to yield vengeance to God's ultimate justice.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Hannah's song closely mirrors the exact wording of God killing, making alive, wounding, and healing.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Fulfillment of God's command for Moses to ascend Nebo, look at Canaan, and die there.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The parallel divine command instructing Moses to climb Mount Abarim and view the promised land.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical account of Moses and Aaron's sin at the waters of Meribah-Kadesh.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the tender imagery of God guarding His chosen people as the apple of His eye.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Uses the rare poetical and covenantal name 'Jeshurun' for the nation of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Matches the exact divine threat of hiding His face from a froward and covenant-breaking generation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Develops the prophetic reality of those who 'were not a people' becoming sons of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Directly parallel warning about Israel's failure to consider their latter end and ultimate consequences.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the drinking of cups and eating of sacrifices belonging to demons vs. the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the sovereign power of God to wound and bind up, to bruise and make whole.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the language of returning to the Lord who has torn, but will heal us.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Moses' declaration that God's words are not vain but are 'your life'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical account of Aaron's death on Mount Hor, referenced by God to Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The solemn principle that God must be sanctified and treated as holy by those near Him.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses seeing but not entering Canaan typifies saints seeing promises afar off without final earthly possession.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Establishes Israel's status as the Lord's peculiar treasure and the lot of His inheritance.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Historical confirmation of Israel eating, growing fat, and subsequently forsaking their Creator.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrasts the 'foolish nation' with the 'chosen generation, royal priesthood, holy nation' of believers.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses appeals to God's concern for His own reputation lest adversaries boast of Israel's destruction.
Supported by John Calvin
Directly invokes the 'God to whom vengeance belongeth' to show Himself in judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Matches the solemn prophetic gesture of lifting the hand to heaven and swearing by Him who lives.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the imagery of God whetting His glittering sword and preparing instruments of judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the graphic imagery of God's sword devouring and being made drunk with blood.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfillment of the promise that God will avenge the blood of His servants.
Supported by Matthew Henry