Deuteronomy33
New Living Translation
1This is the blessing that Moses, the man of God, gave to the people of Israel before his death:
2“The Lord came from Mount Sinai and dawned upon us from Mount Seir; he shone forth from Mount Paran and came from Meribah-kadesh with flaming fire at his right hand.
3Indeed, he loves his people; all his holy ones are in his hands. They follow in his steps and accept his teaching.
4Moses gave us the Lord’s instruction, the special possession of the people of Israel.
5The Lord became king in Israel— when the leaders of the people assembled, when the tribes of Israel gathered as one.”
6Moses said this about the tribe of Reuben: “Let the tribe of Reuben live and not die out, though they are few in number.”
7Moses said this about the tribe of Judah: “O Lord, hear the cry of Judah and bring them together as a people. Give them strength to defend their cause; help them against their enemies!”
8Moses said this about the tribe of Levi: “O Lord, you have given your Thummim and Urim—the sacred lots— to your faithful servants the Levites. You put them to the test at Massah and struggled with them at the waters of Meribah.
9The Levites obeyed your word and guarded your covenant. They were more loyal to you than to their own parents. They ignored their relatives and did not acknowledge their own children.
10They teach your regulations to Jacob; they give your instructions to Israel. They present incense before you and offer whole burnt offerings on the altar.
11Bless the ministry of the Levites, O Lord, and accept all the work of their hands. Hit their enemies where it hurts the most; strike down their foes so they never rise again.”
12Moses said this about the tribe of Benjamin: “The people of Benjamin are loved by the Lord and live in safety beside him. He surrounds them continuously and preserves them from every harm.”
13Moses said this about the tribes of Joseph: “May their land be blessed by the Lord with the precious gift of dew from the heavens and water from beneath the earth;
14with the rich fruit that grows in the sun, and the rich harvest produced each month;
15with the finest crops of the ancient mountains, and the abundance from the everlasting hills;
16with the best gifts of the earth and its bounty, and the favor of the one who appeared in the burning bush. May these blessings rest on Joseph’s head, crowning the brow of the prince among his brothers.
17Joseph has the majesty of a young bull; he has the horns of a wild ox. He will gore distant nations, even to the ends of the earth. This is my blessing for the multitudes of Ephraim and the thousands of Manasseh.”
18Moses said this about the tribes of Zebulun and Issachar: “May the people of Zebulun prosper in their travels. May the people of Issachar prosper at home in their tents.
19They summon the people to the mountain to offer proper sacrifices there. They benefit from the riches of the sea and the hidden treasures in the sand.”
20Moses said this about the tribe of Gad: “Blessed is the one who enlarges Gad’s territory! Gad is poised there like a lion to tear off an arm or a head.
21The people of Gad took the best land for themselves; a leader’s share was assigned to them. When the leaders of the people were assembled, they carried out the Lord’s justice and obeyed his regulations for Israel.”
22Moses said this about the tribe of Dan: “Dan is a lion’s cub, leaping out from Bashan.”
23Moses said this about the tribe of Naphtali: “O Naphtali, you are rich in favor and full of the Lord’s blessings; may you possess the west and the south.”
24Moses said this about the tribe of Asher: “May Asher be blessed above other sons; may he be esteemed by his brothers; may he bathe his feet in olive oil.
25May the bolts of your gates be of iron and bronze; may you be secure all your days.”
26“There is no one like the God of Israel. He rides across the heavens to help you, across the skies in majestic splendor.
27The eternal God is your refuge, and his everlasting arms are under you. He drives out the enemy before you; he cries out, ‘Destroy them!’
28So Israel will live in safety, prosperous Jacob in security, in a land of grain and new wine, while the heavens drop down dew.
29How blessed you are, O Israel! Who else is like you, a people saved by the Lord? He is your protecting shield and your triumphant sword! Your enemies will cringe before you, and you will stomp on their backs!”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 33.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The glorious majesty of God. (1–5). The blessings of the twelve tribes. (6–23). Strength to believers. (24, 25). The excellency of Israel. (26–29).
vv1-5
To all his precepts, warnings, and prophecies, Moses added a solemn blessing. He begins with a description of the glorious appearances of God, in giving the law. His law works like fire. If received, it is melting, warming, purifying, and burns up the dross of corruption; if rejected, it hardens, sears, pains, and destroys. The Holy Spirit came down in cloven tongues, as of fire; for the gospel also is a fiery law. The law of God written in the heart, is a certain proof of the love of God shed abroad there: we must reckon His law one of the gifts of his grace.
vv6-23
The order in which the tribes are here blessed, is not the same as is observed elsewhere. The blessing of Judah may refer to the whole tribe in general, or to David as a type of Christ. Moses largely blesses the tribe of Levi. Acceptance with God is what we should all aim at, and desire, in all our devotions, whether men accept us or not, 2Co 5:9. This prayer is a prophecy, that God will keep up a ministry in his church to the end of time. The tribe of Benjamin had their inheritance close to mount Zion. To be situated near the ordinances, is a precious gift from the Lord, a privilege not to be exchanged for any worldly advantage, or indulgence. We should thankfully receive the earthly blessings sent to us, through the successive seasons. But those good gifts which come down from the Father of lights, through the rising of the Sun of righteousness, and the pouring out of his Spirit like the rain which makes fruitful, are infinitely more precious, as the tokens of his special love. The precious things here prayed for, are figures of spiritual blessing in heavenly things by Christ, the gifts, graces, and comforts of the Spirit. When Moses prays for the good will of Him that dwelt in the bush, he refers to the covenant, on which all our hopes of God's favour must be founded. The providence of God appoints men's habitations, and wisely disposes men to different employments for the public good. Whatever our place and business are, it is our wisdom and duty to apply thereto; and it is happiness to be well pleased therewith. We should not only invite others to the service of God, but abound in it. The blessing of Naphtali. The favour of God is the only favour satisfying to the soul. Those are happy indeed, who have the favour of God; and those shall have it, who reckon that in having it they have enough, and desire no more.
vv24-25
All shall be sanctified to true believers; if their way be rough, their feet shall be shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace. As thy days, so shall thy strength be. The “day” is often in Scripture put for the events of the day; it is a promise that God would graciously and constantly support under trials and troubles, whatever they were. It is a promise sure to all the spiritual seed of Abraham. Have they work allotted? They shall have strength to do it. Have they burdens appointed? They shall have strength, and never be tempted above what they are able to bear.
Key Words
בְּרָכָה: benediction; by implication prosperity
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
בָרַךְ: to kneel; by implication to bless God (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (God or the king, as treason)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
מָוֶת: death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
Cross References
Deuteronomy 33Levi's zeal for God's covenant at the molten calf incident, disregarding family ties.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Poetic parallel of God marching in majesty from the southern mountains of Teman/Paran.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Deborah's song celebrates God's glorious marching forth from Seir and Sinai.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The breastplate containing the Urim and Thummim, representing Levi's sacred priestly role.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jacob's deathbed blessing of Joseph closely mirrors Moses' language of deep blessings.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Verbal echo to the 'good will of him that dwelt in the bush' at Sinai.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
The law ordained by angels ('saints'/'holy ones') at Sinai.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrasts Sinai's ten thousands of angels with Mount Zion's innumerable company.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Urim used for inquiry before the Lord, entrusted to the priestly line.
Supported by JFB
Levites' duty to teach the statutes of Yahweh to the children of Israel.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Parallels Jacob's prophecy concerning the territories and callings of Zebulun and Issachar.
Supported by John Calvin
Moses allocating the first conquered Transjordan portion to Gad, Reuben, and Manasseh.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Balaam's prophecy that Israel shall dwell safely alone, unique among nations.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The testing of Levi and Israel at Massah and Meribah.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Refers to God proving/testing His people in the wilderness.
Supported by JFB
Jacob's blessing of Benjamin, highlighting his fierce safety and protection.
Supported by JFB
Jacob's prediction of Gad's martial prowess, overcoming raiders.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jacob's brief, favorable blessing of Naphtali as a hind let loose.
Supported by John Calvin
Jacob's blessing of Asher, predicting rich, oily bread fit for kings.
Supported by John Calvin
New Testament fulfillment of the promise that strength will match one's days.
Supported by Matthew Henry