Leviticus 10NLT
Books
All books

Leviticus10

New Living Translation

1Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu put coals of fire in their incense burners and sprinkled incense over them. In this way, they disobeyed the Lord by burning before him the wrong kind of fire, different than he had commanded.

2So fire blazed forth from the Lord’s presence and burned them up, and they died there before the Lord.

3Then Moses said to Aaron, “This is what the Lord meant when he said, ‘I will display my holiness through those who come near me. I will display my glory before all the people.’” And Aaron was silent.

4Then Moses called for Mishael and Elzaphan, Aaron’s cousins, the sons of Aaron’s uncle Uzziel. He said to them, “Come forward and carry away the bodies of your relatives from in front of the sanctuary to a place outside the camp.”

5So they came forward and picked them up by their garments and carried them out of the camp, just as Moses had commanded.

6Then Moses said to Aaron and his sons Eleazar and Ithamar, “Do not show grief by leaving your hair uncombed or by tearing your clothes. If you do, you will die, and the Lord’s anger will strike the whole community of Israel. However, the rest of the Israelites, your relatives, may mourn because of the Lord’s fiery destruction of Nadab and Abihu.

7But you must not leave the entrance of the Tabernacle or you will die, for you have been anointed with the Lord’s anointing oil.” So they did as Moses commanded.

8Then the Lord said to Aaron,

9“You and your descendants must never drink wine or any other alcoholic drink before going into the Tabernacle. If you do, you will die. This is a permanent law for you, and it must be observed from generation to generation.

10You must distinguish between what is sacred and what is common, between what is ceremonially unclean and what is clean.

11And you must teach the Israelites all the decrees that the Lord has given them through Moses.”

12Then Moses said to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, “Take what is left of the grain offering after a portion has been presented as a special gift to the Lord, and eat it beside the altar. Make sure it contains no yeast, for it is most holy.

13You must eat it in a sacred place, for it has been given to you and your descendants as your portion of the special gifts presented to the Lord. These are the commands I have been given.

14But the breast and thigh that were lifted up as a special offering may be eaten in any place that is ceremonially clean. These parts have been given to you and your descendants as your portion of the peace offerings presented by the people of Israel.

15You must lift up the thigh and breast as a special offering to the Lord, along with the fat of the special gifts. These parts will belong to you and your descendants as your permanent right, just as the Lord has commanded.”

16Moses then asked them what had happened to the goat of the sin offering. When he discovered it had been burned up, he became very angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s remaining sons.

17“Why didn’t you eat the sin offering in the sacred area?” he demanded. “It is a holy offering! The Lord has given it to you to remove the guilt of the community and to purify the people, making them right with the Lord.

18Since the animal’s blood was not brought into the Holy Place, you should have eaten the meat in the sacred area as I ordered you.”

19Then Aaron answered Moses, “Today my sons presented both their sin offering and their burnt offering to the Lord. And yet this tragedy has happened to me. If I had eaten the people’s sin offering on such a tragic day as this, would the Lord have been pleased?”

20And when Moses heard this, he was satisfied.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Leviticus 10.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The sin and death of Nadab and Abihu. (1, 2). Aaron and his sons forbidden to mourn for Nadab and Abihu. (3–7). Wine forbidden to the priests when in the service of the tabernacle. (8–11). Of eating the holy things. (12–20).

vv1-2

Next to Moses and Aaron, none were more likely to be honourable in Israel than Nadab and Abihu. There is reason to think that they were puffed up with pride, and that they were heated with wine. While the people were prostrate before the Lord, adoring his presence and glory, they rushed into the tabernacle to burn incense, though not at the appointed time; both together, instead of one alone, and with fire not taken from the altar. If it had been done through ignorance, they had been allowed to bring a sin-offering. But the soul that doeth presumptuously, and in contempt of God's majesty and justice, that soul shall be cut off. The wages of sin is death. They died in the very act of their sin. The sin and punishment of these priests showed the imperfection of that priesthood from the very beginning, and that it could not shelter any from the fire of God's wrath, otherwise than as it was typical of Christ's priesthood.

vv3-7

The most quieting considerations under affliction are fetched from the word of God. What was it that God spake? Though Aaron's heart must have been filled with anguish and dismay, yet with silent submission he revered the justice of the stroke. When God corrects us or ours for sin, it is our duty to accept the punishment, and say, It is the Lord, let him do what seemeth him good. Whenever we worship God, we come nigh unto him, as spiritual priests. This ought to make us very serious in all acts of devotion. It concerns us all, when we come nigh to God, to do every religious exercise, as those who believe that the God with whom we have to do, is a holy God. He will take vengeance on those that profane his sacred name by trifling with him.

vv8-11

Do not drink wine or strong drink. During the time they ministered, the priests were forbidden it. It is required of gospel ministers, that they be not given to wine, 1Ti 3:3. It is, Lest ye die; die when ye are in drink. The danger of death, to which we are continually exposed, should engage all to be sober.

Cross References

Leviticus 10
v3Exodus 19:22thematic

Priests drawing near to God must sanctify themselves, the exact background warning Moses refers to here.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Exodus 30:9thematic

Direct prohibition of offering 'strange incense' on the altar, which Nadab and Abihu violated.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v91 Timothy 3:3thematic

Requirement for ministers to not be given to wine, parallel to the priestly restriction.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v9Ezekiel 44:21thematic

Ezekiel's temple vision reiterates the prohibition against priests drinking wine when entering the inner court.

Supported by John Calvin

v1Leviticus 9:24thematic

The holy fire from heaven just sent by God, which they ignored in favor of common fire.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Acts 5:1-11thematic

Ananias and Sapphira represent a parallel New Testament judgment at the start of a new dispensation.

Supported by JFB

v4Exodus 6:18thematic

Genealogy showing Uzziel as Aaron's uncle, identifying Mishael and Elzaphan as cousins/brethren.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11Malachi 2:7thematic

The priest's lips should keep knowledge, acting as the messenger of the Lord to teach statutes.

Supported by John Calvin

v1Numbers 3:4thematic

Historical recap of Nadab and Abihu dying before the Lord for offering strange fire.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v3Exodus 29:43thematic

God's promise that the tabernacle shall be sanctified by His glory.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Leviticus 13:45thematic

Contrasts standard mourning rites like uncovered heads with the restriction placed on Aaron's family.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Leviticus 21:12thematic

High priest forbidden from leaving the sanctuary for dead relatives because of the anointing oil.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Numbers 18:9thematic

Law of the meal offering and sin offering designated as most holy for Aaron's sons.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v17Exodus 28:38typology

Aaron bearing the iniquity of the holy things, illustrating the priest's role in bearing sin.

Supported by JFB

v19Hosea 9:4thematic

Bread eaten in mourning is defiled; supports Aaron's defense that eating under grief was unacceptable.

Supported by Matthew Poole