Deuteronomy32
New King James Version
1“Give ear, O heavens, and I will speak; And hear, O earth, the words of my mouth.
2Let my teaching drop as the rain, My speech distill as the dew, As raindrops on the tender herb, And as showers on the grass.
3For I proclaim the name of the Lord: Ascribe greatness to our God.
4He is the Rock, His work is perfect; For all His ways are justice, A God of truth and without injustice; Righteous and upright is He.
5“They have corrupted themselves; They are not His children, Because of their blemish: A perverse and crooked generation.
6Do you thus deal with the Lord, O foolish and unwise people? Is He not your Father, who bought you? Has He not made you and established you?
7“Remember the days of old, Consider the years of many generations. Ask your father, and he will show you; Your elders, and they will tell you:
8When the Most High divided their inheritance to the nations, When He separated the sons of Adam, He set the boundaries of the peoples According to the number of the children of Israel.
9For the Lord’s portion is His people; Jacob is the place of His inheritance.
10“He found him in a desert land And in the wasteland, a howling wilderness; He encircled him, He instructed him, He kept him as the apple of His eye.
11As an eagle stirs up its nest, Hovers over its young, Spreading out its wings, taking them up, Carrying them on its wings,
12So the Lord alone led him, And there was no foreign god with him.
13“He made him ride in the heights of the earth, That he might eat the produce of the fields; He made him draw honey from the rock, And oil from the flinty rock;
14Curds from the cattle, and milk of the flock, With fat of lambs; And rams of the breed of Bashan, and goats, With the choicest wheat; And you drank wine, the blood of the grapes.
15“But Jeshurun grew fat and kicked; You grew fat, you grew thick, You are obese! Then he forsook God who made him, And scornfully esteemed the Rock of his salvation.
16They provoked Him to jealousy with foreign gods; With abominations they provoked Him to anger.
17They sacrificed to demons, not to God, To gods they did not know, To new gods, new arrivals That your fathers did not fear.
18Of the Rock who begot you, you are unmindful, And have forgotten the God who fathered you.
19“And when the Lord saw it, He spurned them, Because of the provocation of His sons and His daughters.
20And He said: ‘I will hide My face from them, I will see what their end will be, For they are a perverse generation, Children in whom is no faith.
21They have provoked Me to jealousy by what is not God; They have moved Me to anger by their foolish idols. But I will provoke them to jealousy by those who are not a nation; I will move them to anger by a foolish nation.
22For a fire is kindled in My anger, And shall burn to the lowest hell; It shall consume the earth with her increase, And set on fire the foundations of the mountains.
23‘I will heap disasters on them; I will spend My arrows on them.
24They shall be wasted with hunger, Devoured by pestilence and bitter destruction; I will also send against them the teeth of beasts, With the poison of serpents of the dust.
25The sword shall destroy outside; There shall be terror within For the young man and virgin, The nursing child with the man of gray hairs.
26I would have said, “I will dash them in pieces, I will make the memory of them to cease from among men,”
27Had I not feared the wrath of the enemy, Lest their adversaries should misunderstand, Lest they should say, “Our hand is high; And it is not the Lord who has done all this.” ’
28“For they are a nation void of counsel, Nor is there any understanding in them.
29Oh, that they were wise, that they understood this, That they would consider their latter end!
30How could one chase a thousand, And two put ten thousand to flight, Unless their Rock had sold them, And the Lord had surrendered them?
31For their rock is not like our Rock, Even our enemies themselves being judges.
32For their vine is of the vine of Sodom And of the fields of Gomorrah; Their grapes are grapes of gall, Their clusters are bitter.
33Their wine is the poison of serpents, And the cruel venom of cobras.
34‘Is this not laid up in store with Me, Sealed up among My treasures?
35Vengeance is Mine, and recompense; Their foot shall slip in due time; For the day of their calamity is at hand, And the things to come hasten upon them.’
36“For the Lord will judge His people And have compassion on His servants, When He sees that their power is gone, And there is no one remaining, bond or free.
37He will say: ‘Where are their gods, The rock in which they sought refuge?
38Who ate the fat of their sacrifices, And drank the wine of their drink offering? Let them rise and help you, And be your refuge.
39‘Now see that I, even I, am He, And there is no God besides Me; I kill and I make alive; I wound and I heal; Nor is there any who can deliver from My hand.
40For I raise My hand to heaven, And say, “As I live forever,
41If I whet My glittering sword, And My hand takes hold on judgment, I will render vengeance to My enemies, And repay those who hate Me.
42I will make My arrows drunk with blood, And My sword shall devour flesh, With the blood of the slain and the captives, From the heads of the leaders of the enemy.” ’
43“Rejoice, O Gentiles, with His people; For He will avenge the blood of His servants, And render vengeance to His adversaries; He will provide atonement for His land and His people.”
44So Moses came with Joshua the son of Nun and spoke all the words of this song in the hearing of the people.
45Moses finished speaking all these words to all Israel,
46and he said to them: “Set your hearts on all the words which I testify among you today, which you shall command your children to be careful to observe—all the words of this law.
47For it is not a futile thing for you, because it is your life, and by this word you shall prolong your days in the land which you cross over the Jordan to possess.”
48Then the Lord spoke to Moses that very same day, saying:
49“Go up this mountain of the Abarim, Mount Nebo, which is in the land of Moab, across from Jericho; view the land of Canaan, which I give to the children of Israel as a possession;
50and die on the mountain which you ascend, and be gathered to your people, just as Aaron your brother died on Mount Hor and was gathered to his people;
51because you trespassed against Me among the children of Israel at the waters of Meribah Kadesh, in the Wilderness of Zin, because you did not hallow Me in the midst of the children of Israel.
52Yet you shall see the land before you, though you shall not go there, into the land which I am giving to the children of Israel.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 32.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The song of Moses. (1, 2). The character of God, The character of Israel. (3–6). The great things God had done for Israel. (7–14). The wickedness of Israel. (19–25). The judgments which would come upon them for their sins. (15–18). Deserved vengeance withheld. (26–38). God's deliverance for his people. (39–43). The exhortation with which the song was delivered. (44–47). Moses to go up mount Nebo to die. (48–52).
vv1-2
Moses begins with a solemn appeal to heaven and earth, concerning the truth and importance of what he was about to say. His doctrine is the gospel, the speech of God, the doctrine of Christ; the doctrine of grace and mercy through him, and of life and salvation by him.
vv3-6
“He is a Rock.” This is the first time God is called so in Scripture. The expression denotes that the Divine power, faithfulness, and love, as revealed in Christ and the gospel, form a foundation which cannot be changed or moved, on which we may build our hopes of happiness. And under his protection we may find refuge from all our enemies, and in all our troubles; as the rocks in those countries sheltered from the burning rays of the sun, and from tempests, or were fortresses from the enemy. “His work is perfect:” that of redemption and salvation, in which there is a display of all the Divine perfection, complete in all its parts. All God's dealings with his creatures are regulated by wisdom which cannot err, and perfect justice. He is indeed just and right; he takes care that none shall lose by him. A high charge is exhibited against Israel. Even God's children have their spots, while in this imperfect state; for if we say we have no sin, no spot, we deceive ourselves. But the sin of Israel was not habitual, notorious, unrepented sin; which is a certain mark of the children of Satan. They were fools to forsake their mercies for lying vanities. All wilful sinners, especially sinners in Israel, are unwise and ungrateful.
vv7-14
Moses gives particular instances of God's kindness and concern for them. The eagle's care for her young is a beautiful emblem of Christ's love, who came between Divine justice and our guilty souls, and bare our sins in his own body on the tree. And by the preached gospel, and the influences of the Holy Spirit, He stirs up and prevails upon sinners to leave Satan's bondage. In verses 13, 14, are emblems of the conquest believers have over their spiritual enemies, sin, Satan, and the world, in and through Christ. Also of their safety and triumph in him; of their happy frames of soul, when they are above the world, and the things of it. This will be the blessed case of spiritual Israel in every sense in the latter day.
Key Words
אָזַן: to broaden out the ear (with the hand), i.e. (by implication) to listen
שָׁמַיִם: the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
אֵמֶר: something said
פֶּה: the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition) according to
לֶקַח: properly, something received, i.e. (mentally) instruction (whether on the part of the teacher or hearer); also (in an active and sinister sense) inveiglement
עָרַף: to droop; hence, to drip
מָטַר: rain
Cross References
Deuteronomy 32Isaiah mirrors Moses' solemn opening appeal to heaven and earth to witness Israel's rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul explicitly quotes Deuteronomy 32:21 to show God's calling of the Gentiles to provoke Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Directly quotes 'Vengeance is mine, I will repay' to warn of God's fearful judgment.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul directly quotes Deuteronomy 32:43 in Romans to prove God's inclusion of the Gentiles.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies the wilderness Rock from which Israel drank and trusted as a type of Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul affirms God's sovereign hand in dividing the nations and setting the bounds of their habitation.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the vivid description of God bearing Israel out of Egypt on eagles' wings.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul confirms that pagan idolatry is fundamentally sacrifice offered to devils rather than to God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Expounds the theological mystery of salvation coming to Gentiles to provoke Israel to jealousy.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Alludes directly to provoking the Lord to jealousy through idolatrous practices and partnerships.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes verse 35 to command believers to yield vengeance to God's ultimate justice.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Hannah's song closely mirrors the exact wording of God killing, making alive, wounding, and healing.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Fulfillment of God's command for Moses to ascend Nebo, look at Canaan, and die there.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The parallel divine command instructing Moses to climb Mount Abarim and view the promised land.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical account of Moses and Aaron's sin at the waters of Meribah-Kadesh.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the tender imagery of God guarding His chosen people as the apple of His eye.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Uses the rare poetical and covenantal name 'Jeshurun' for the nation of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Matches the exact divine threat of hiding His face from a froward and covenant-breaking generation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Develops the prophetic reality of those who 'were not a people' becoming sons of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Directly parallel warning about Israel's failure to consider their latter end and ultimate consequences.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the drinking of cups and eating of sacrifices belonging to demons vs. the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the sovereign power of God to wound and bind up, to bruise and make whole.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the language of returning to the Lord who has torn, but will heal us.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Moses' declaration that God's words are not vain but are 'your life'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical account of Aaron's death on Mount Hor, referenced by God to Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The solemn principle that God must be sanctified and treated as holy by those near Him.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses seeing but not entering Canaan typifies saints seeing promises afar off without final earthly possession.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Establishes Israel's status as the Lord's peculiar treasure and the lot of His inheritance.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Historical confirmation of Israel eating, growing fat, and subsequently forsaking their Creator.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrasts the 'foolish nation' with the 'chosen generation, royal priesthood, holy nation' of believers.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses appeals to God's concern for His own reputation lest adversaries boast of Israel's destruction.
Supported by John Calvin
Directly invokes the 'God to whom vengeance belongeth' to show Himself in judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Matches the solemn prophetic gesture of lifting the hand to heaven and swearing by Him who lives.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the imagery of God whetting His glittering sword and preparing instruments of judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the graphic imagery of God's sword devouring and being made drunk with blood.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfillment of the promise that God will avenge the blood of His servants.
Supported by Matthew Henry