Hebrews10
New King James Version
1For the law, having a shadow of the good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never with these same sacrifices, which they offer continually year by year, make those who approach perfect.
2For then would they not have ceased to be offered? For the worshipers, once purified, would have had no more consciousness of sins.
3But in those sacrifices there is a reminder of sins every year.
4For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and goats could take away sins.
5Therefore, when He came into the world, He said: “Sacrifice and offering You did not desire, But a body You have prepared for Me.
6In burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin You had no pleasure.
7Then I said, ‘Behold, I have come— In the volume of the book it is written of Me— To do Your will, O God.’ ”
8Previously saying, “Sacrifice and offering, burnt offerings, and offerings for sin You did not desire, nor had pleasure in them” (which are offered according to the law),
9then He said, “Behold, I have come to do Your will, O God.” He takes away the first that He may establish the second.
10By that will we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
11And every priest stands ministering daily and offering repeatedly the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins.
12But this Man, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down at the right hand of God,
13from that time waiting till His enemies are made His footstool.
14For by one offering He has perfected forever those who are being sanctified.
15But the Holy Spirit also witnesses to us; for after He had said before,
16“This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days, says the Lord: I will put My laws into their hearts, and in their minds I will write them,”
17then He adds, “Their sins and their lawless deeds I will remember no more.”
18Now where there is remission of these, there is no longer an offering for sin.
19Therefore, brethren, having boldness to enter the Holiest by the blood of Jesus,
20by a new and living way which He consecrated for us, through the veil, that is, His flesh,
21and having a High Priest over the house of God,
22let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water.
23Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for He who promised is faithful.
24And let us consider one another in order to stir up love and good works,
25not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as is the manner of some, but exhorting one another, and so much the more as you see the Day approaching.
26For if we sin willfully after we have received the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins,
27but a certain fearful expectation of judgment, and fiery indignation which will devour the adversaries.
28Anyone who has rejected Moses’ law dies without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses.
29Of how much worse punishment, do you suppose, will he be thought worthy who has trampled the Son of God underfoot, counted the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified a common thing, and insulted the Spirit of grace?
30For we know Him who said, “Vengeance is Mine, I will repay,” says the Lord. And again, “The Lord will judge His people.”
31It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.
32But recall the former days in which, after you were illuminated, you endured a great struggle with sufferings:
33partly while you were made a spectacle both by reproaches and tribulations, and partly while you became companions of those who were so treated;
34for you had compassion on me in my chains, and joyfully accepted the plundering of your goods, knowing that you have a better and an enduring possession for yourselves in heaven.
35Therefore do not cast away your confidence, which has great reward.
36For you have need of endurance, so that after you have done the will of God, you may receive the promise:
37“For yet a little while, And He who is coming will come and will not tarry.
38Now the just shall live by faith; But if anyone draws back, My soul has no pleasure in him.”
39But we are not of those who draw back to perdition, but of those who believe to the saving of the soul.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Hebrews 10.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The insufficiency of sacrifices for taking away sin, The necessity and power of the sacrifice of Christ for that purpose. (1–18). An argument for holy boldness in the believer's access to God through Jesus Christ, And for steadfastness in faith, and mutual love and duty. (19–25). The danger of apostacy. (26–31). The sufferings of believers, and encouragement to maintain their holy profession. (32–39).
vv1-10
The apostle having shown that the tabernacle, and ordinances of the covenant of Sinai, were only emblems and types of the gospel, concludes that the sacrifices the high priests offered continually, could not make the worshippers perfect, with respect to pardon, and the purifying of their consciences. But when “God manifested in the flesh,” became the sacrifice, and his death upon the accursed tree the ransom, then the Sufferer being of infinite worth, his free-will sufferings were of infinite value. The atoning sacrifice must be one capable of consenting, and must of his own will place himself in the sinner's stead: Christ did so. The fountain of all that Christ has done for his people, is the sovereign will and grace of God. The righteousness brought in, and the sacrifice once offered by Christ, are of eternal power, and his salvation shall never be done away. They are of power to make all the comers thereunto perfect; they derive from the atoning blood, strength and motives for obedience, and inward comfort.
vv11-18
Under the new covenant, or gospel dispensation, full and final pardon is to be had. This makes a vast difference between the new covenant and the old one. Under the old, sacrifices must be often repeated, and after all, only pardon as to this world was to be obtained by them. Under the new, one Sacrifice is enough to procure for all nations and ages, spiritual pardon, or being freed from punishment in the world to come. Well might this be called a new covenant. Let none suppose that human inventions can avail those who put them in the place of the sacrifice of the Son of God. What then remains, but that we seek an interest in this Sacrifice by faith; and the seal of it to our souls, by the sanctification of the Spirit unto obedience? So that by the law being written in our hearts, we may know that we are justified, and that God will no more remember our sins.
vv19-25
The apostle having closed the first part of the epistle, the doctrine is applied to practical purposes. As believers had an open way to the presence of God, it became them to use this privilege. The way and means by which Christians enjoy such privileges, is by the blood of Jesus, by the merit of that blood which he offered up as an atoning sacrifice. The agreement of infinite holiness with pardoning mercy, was not clearly understood till the human nature of Christ, the Son of God, was wounded and bruised for our sins. Our way to heaven is by a crucified Saviour; his death is to us the way of life, and to those who believe this, he will be precious. They must draw near to God; it would be contempt of Christ, still to keep at a distance. Their bodies were to be washed with pure water, alluding to the cleansings directed under the law: thus the use of water in baptism, was to remind Christians that their conduct should be pure and holy. While they derived comfort and grace from their reconciled Father to their own souls, they would adorn the doctrine of God their Saviour in all things. Believers are to consider how they can be of service to each other, especially stirring up each other to the more vigorous and abundant exercise of love, and the practice of good works. The communion of saints is a great help and privilege, and a means of stedfastness and perseverance. We should observe the coming of times of trial, and be thereby quickened to greater diligence. There is a trying day coming on all men, the day of our death.
Key Words
γάρ (gár): properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
νόμος (nómos): law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of Moses (including the volume); also of the Gospel), or figuratively (a principle)
ἔχω (échō): to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or condition)
σκιά (skiá): "shade" or a shadow (literally or figuratively (darkness of error or an adumbration))
ἀγαθός (agathós): "good" (in any sense, often as noun)
μέλλω (méllō): to intend, i.e. be about to be, do, or suffer something (of persons or things, especially events; in the sense of purpose, duty, necessity, probability, possibility, or hesitation)
οὐ (ou): the absolute negative (compare G3361 (μή)) adverb; no or not
αὐτός (autós): the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
εἰκών (eikṓn): a likeness, i.e. (literally) statue, profile, or (figuratively) representation, resemblance
πρᾶγμα (prâgma): a deed; by implication, an affair; by extension, an object (material)
Cross References
Hebrews 10Directly quoted in verses 5-7 to prove Christ came to replace sacrifices by doing God's will.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The quote of the New Covenant from Jeremiah is restated here to prove final remission of sins.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Directly quoted: "Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense" as warning of divine judgment on apostates.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Directly quoted to establish that "the just shall live by faith" contrasted with drawing back.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Scripture cited for Christ sitting on God's right hand until His enemies are made His footstool.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Strong parallel warning on the impossibility of restoration after willful apostasy from known truth.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Directly quoted: "The Lord shall judge his people," showing God's role as judge of His house.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the contrast between the Old Testament legal 'shadow' and the 'body' which is Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Connects the tabernacle services to a 'shadow' and 'example' of heavenly things.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Contrasts the legal sacrifices with the blood of Christ, which perfectly purges the conscience.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The yearly Day of Atonement sacrifices made a perpetual 'remembrance again' of sins.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The tearing of the physical veil at Christ's death corresponds to entering through His flesh.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel exhortation to draw near boldly to God because of our great High Priest.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Old Covenant promise of sprinkling clean water and cleansing from filthiness, fulfilled in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the cleansing of the conscience from dead works by the blood of Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Old Testament law of sinning presumptuously (willfully) which left no sacrifice available.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Exemplifies the Old Testament penalty for the presumption of turning away from God's law.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Alludes to the promise that the coming vision/One will surely come and not tarry.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Reinforces that the law made nothing perfect, but a better hope does.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explains that Old Testament gifts and sacrifices could not make the worshipper perfect in conscience.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Contrasts the continuous remembrance of sins under the law with God remembering them no more.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The scapegoat ritual demonstrates the yearly remembrance and confession of Israel's sins.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Christ's once-for-all entry into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Repeats the exhortation to draw near with boldness to God's presence.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Christ as the 'new and living way' matches His self-declaration as the way, truth, and life.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Exhortation to encourage/exhort one another daily to prevent hearts from being hardened by sin.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Describes the tragic state of those escaping world pollutions only to be entangled again.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Pauline use of the same Habakkuk passage to define salvation by faith alone.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Another Pauline application of Habakkuk 2:4 contrasting faith with works of the law.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates the removal of the temporary first system to establish the permanent second.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel citing of Deuteronomy 32:35, affirming that vengeance belongs solely to the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Affirms the terrifying nature of God's presence as "a consuming fire" to adversaries.
Supported by Matthew Henry