2 Peter2
New King James Version
1But there were also false prophets among the people, even as there will be false teachers among you, who will secretly bring in destructive heresies, even denying the Lord who bought them, and bring on themselves swift destruction.
2And many will follow their destructive ways, because of whom the way of truth will be blasphemed.
3By covetousness they will exploit you with deceptive words; for a long time their judgment has not been idle, and their destruction does not slumber.
4For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but cast them down to hell and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved for judgment;
5and did not spare the ancient world, but saved Noah, one of eight people, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood on the world of the ungodly;
6and turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah into ashes, condemned them to destruction, making them an example to those who afterward would live ungodly;
7and delivered righteous Lot, who was oppressed by the filthy conduct of the wicked
8(for that righteous man, dwelling among them, tormented his righteous soul from day to day by seeing and hearing their lawless deeds)—
9then the Lord knows how to deliver the godly out of temptations and to reserve the unjust under punishment for the day of judgment,
10and especially those who walk according to the flesh in the lust of uncleanness and despise authority. They are presumptuous, self-willed. They are not afraid to speak evil of dignitaries,
11whereas angels, who are greater in power and might, do not bring a reviling accusation against them before the Lord.
12But these, like natural brute beasts made to be caught and destroyed, speak evil of the things they do not understand, and will utterly perish in their own corruption,
13and will receive the wages of unrighteousness, as those who count it pleasure to carouse in the daytime. They are spots and blemishes, carousing in their own deceptions while they feast with you,
14having eyes full of adultery and that cannot cease from sin, enticing unstable souls. They have a heart trained in covetous practices, and are accursed children.
15They have forsaken the right way and gone astray, following the way of Balaam the son of Beor, who loved the wages of unrighteousness;
16but he was rebuked for his iniquity: a dumb donkey speaking with a man’s voice restrained the madness of the prophet.
17These are wells without water, clouds carried by a tempest, for whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever.
18For when they speak great swelling words of emptiness, they allure through the lusts of the flesh, through lewdness, the ones who have actually escaped from those who live in error.
19While they promise them liberty, they themselves are slaves of corruption; for by whom a person is overcome, by him also he is brought into bondage.
20For if, after they have escaped the pollutions of the world through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they are again entangled in them and overcome, the latter end is worse for them than the beginning.
21For it would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than having known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered to them.
22But it has happened to them according to the true proverb: “A dog returns to his own vomit,” and, “a sow, having washed, to her wallowing in the mire.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Peter 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Believers are cautioned against false teachers, and the certainty of their punishment shown from examples. (1–9). An account of these seducers, as exceedingly wicked. (10–16). But as making high pretences to liberty and purity. (17–22).
vv1-9
Though the way of error is a hurtful way, many are always ready to walk therein. Let us take care we give no occasion to the enemy to blaspheme the holy name whereby we are called, or to speak evil of the way of salvation by Jesus Christ, who is the Way, the Truth, and the Life. These seducers used feigned words, they deceived the hearts of their followers. Such are condemned already, and the wrath of God abides upon them. God's usual method of proceeding is shown by examples. Angels were cast down from all their glory and dignity, for their disobedience. If creatures sin, even in heaven, they must suffer in hell. Sin is the work of darkness, and darkness is the wages of sin. See how God dealt with the old world. The number of offenders no more procures favour, than their quality. If the sin be universal, the punishment shall likewise extend to all. If in a fruitful soil the people abound in sin, God can at once turn a fruitful land into barrenness, and a well-watered country into ashes. No plans or politics can keep off judgments from a sinful people. He who keeps fire and water from hurting his people, Isa 43:2, can make either destroy his enemies; they are never safe. When God sends destruction on the ungodly, he commands deliverance for the righteous. In bad company we cannot but get either guilt or grief. Let the sins of others be troubles to us. Yet it is possible for the children of the Lord, living among the most profane, to retain their integrity; there being more power in the grace of Christ, and his dwelling in them, than in the temptations of Satan, or the example of the wicked, with all their terrors or allurements. In our intentions and inclinations to commit sin, we meet with strange hinderances, if we mark them When we intend mischief, God sends many stops to hinder us, as if to say, Take heed what you do. His wisdom and power will surely effect the purposes of his love, and the engagements of his truth; while wicked men often escape suffering here, because they are kept to the day of judgment, to be punished with the devil and his angels.
vv10-16
Impure seducers and their abandoned followers, give themselves up to their own fleshly minds. Refusing to bring every thought to the obedience of Christ, they act against God's righteous precepts. They walk after the flesh, they go on in sinful courses, and increase to greater degrees of impurity and wickedness. They also despise those whom God has set in authority over them, and requires them to honour. Outward temporal good things are the wages sinners expect and promise themselves. And none have more cause to tremble, than those who are bold to gratify their sinful lusts, by presuming on the Divine grace and mercy. Many such there have been, and are, who speak lightly of the restraints of God's law, and deem themselves freed from obligations to obey it. Let Christians stand at a distance from such.
vv17-22
The word of truth is the water of life, which refreshes the souls that receive it; but deceivers spread and promote error, and are set forth as empty, because there is no truth in them. As clouds hinder the light of the sun, so do these darken counsel by words wherein there is no truth. Seeing that these men increase darkness in this world, it is very just that the mist of darkness should be their portion in the next. In the midst of their talk of liberty, these men are the vilest slaves; their own lusts gain a complete victory over them, and they are actually in bondage. When men are entangled, they are easily overcome; therefore Christians should keep close to the word of God, and watch against all who seek to bewilder them. A state of apostacy is worse than a state of ignorance. To bring an evil report upon the good way of God, and a false charge against the way of truth, must expose to the heaviest condemnation. How dreadful is the state here described! Yet though such a case is deplorable, it is not utterly hopeless; the leper may be made clean, and even the dead may be raised. Is thy backsliding a grief to thee? Believe in the Lord Jesus, and thou shalt be saved.
Key Words
ψευδοπροφήτης (pseudoprophḗtēs): a spurious prophet, i.e. pretended foreteller or religious impostor
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἐν (en): "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
λαός (laós): a people (in general; thus differing from G1218 (δῆμος), which denotes one's own populace)
ὡς (hōs): which how, i.e. in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
ἔσομαι (ésomai): will be
ψευδοδιδάσκαλος (pseudodidáskalos): a spurious teacher, i.e. propagator of erroneous Christian doctrine
ὑμῖν (hymîn): to (with or by) you
ὅστις (hóstis): which some, i.e. any that; also (definite) which same
παρεισάγω (pareiságō): to lead in aside, i.e. introduce surreptitiously
Cross References
2 Peter 2Direct parallel in Jude describing stealthy, ungodly teachers who turn grace into licentiousness.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The Greek for 'the Lord that bought them' echoes Moses' description of God buying Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct parallel describing the fallen angels reserved in everlasting chains under darkness.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical account of Balaam being rebuked by his dumb ass speaking with man's voice.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Peter explicitly quotes this true proverb regarding the dog turning back to its own vomit.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The judgment of Sodom and Gomorrah with fire, serving as an example of overthrow.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Jude condemns false teachers who have run greedily after the error of Balaam for reward.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel warning of the severe state of those who apostatize after receiving enlightenment.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Christ's warning that the latter end of a swept-clean house repossessed by spirits is worse.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Old Testament law warning that God allows false prophets to arise to prove your hearts.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallel warning of false brethren who were 'privily brought in' to spy out Christian liberty.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Noah, warned of God, prepared an ark, becoming an heir of the righteousness of faith.
Supported by John Calvin
Peter's first epistle mentioning the long-suffering of God in the days of Noah, saving eight souls.
Supported by JFB
Jude describes these false teachers as wandering stars to whom the blackness of darkness is reserved.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The servant who knew his lord's will but did not prepare will be beaten with many stripes.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Contrast: believers are to live honestly among Gentiles so they cannot speak evil of you.
Supported by JFB
Historical account of God being merciful to Lot and bringing him out of Sodom's destruction.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Psalmist's grief over transgressors echoes Lot vexing his righteous soul over Sodom's deeds.
Supported by Matthew Henry